πέρα: Difference between revisions

|etymtx=Grammatical information: adv., also as prep. w. gen.<br />Meaning: <b class="b2">beyond, further, longer, more, past</b> (Att.).<br />Compounds: comp. <b class="b3">περαι-τέρω</b> (Att.), <b class="b3">-τερον</b> with adj. <b class="b3">-τερος</b> (Pi.).<br />Derivatives: Besides <b class="b3">πέραν</b>, Ion. <b class="b3">-ην</b> adv., also prep. w. gen. <b class="b2">over, across, beyond, opposite to</b> (Il.). -- Adj. <b class="b3">περαῖος</b> [[ulterior]], esp. <b class="b3">ἡ περαία</b> (<b class="b3">χώρα</b>, <b class="b3">γῆ</b>) [[the country on the other side]], also as PN (Hdt., A. R., Plb., Str.). From it 1. <b class="b3">Περαΐτης</b> m. [[inhabitant of the Περαία]] (J.; Redard 26 and 239 n. 24); 2. <b class="b3">περαιόθεν</b> [[from the other side]] (A. R., Arat.); 3. <b class="b3">περαιόομαι</b>, <b class="b3">-όω</b>, also w. <b class="b3">δια-</b> a.o., <b class="b2">to cross over, to bring over</b> (since ω 437), [[to accomplish]] (Gort.), [[to end]] (medic.) with <b class="b3">περαίωσις</b> f. [[crossing]] (Str., Plu.). -- Denominative verb <b class="b3">περάω</b>, aor. <b class="b3">-ᾶσαι</b>, Ion. <b class="b3">-ῆσαι</b>, also w. prefix, esp. <b class="b3">δια-</b> and <b class="b3">ἐκ-</b>, <b class="b2">to pass through, to go through, to travel through, to go beyond, to reach the end</b> (Il.) with (<b class="b3">δια-)πέρ-αμα</b> n. [[crossing]] (Str.), <b class="b3">ἐκπέρ-αμα</b> n. [[coming out of]] (A.), <b class="b3">πέρ-ασις</b> f. [[stepping through]] (S.), <b class="b3">-άσιμος</b> [[crossable]], [[passable]] (E., Str.); <b class="b3">-ατός</b>, Ion. <b class="b3">-ητός</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> (Pi., Hdt.); <b class="b3">-ατής</b> m. [[ferryman]] (Suid., Procl.); but in the sense of [[stranger]], [[emigrant]] (LXX) prob. from <b class="b3">πέρα(ν</b>); thus <b class="b3">περα-τικός</b> <b class="b2">coming from a strange (ulterior) country, foreign</b> (Peripl. M. Rubr.), and <b class="b3">-τός</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> (pap. IIIa). -- Often w. strengthening <b class="b3">ἀντι-</b> : <b class="b3">ἀντι-πέραια</b> n. pl. [[the stretches of coast on the opposite side]] (Β 635), <b class="b3">-αια</b> f. sg. (A. R., Nonn.); <b class="b3">ἀντι-πέρας</b> [[opposite to]] (Th., X.; on the ending below), <b class="b3">-πέραν</b>, <b class="b3">-ην</b> (hell.), <b class="b3">-πέρα</b> (Ev. Luc.) <b class="b2">id.</b>; <b class="b3">-πέρηθε(ν</b>) [[from the opposite coast]] (A. R., AP).<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [811] <b class="b2">*per</b> [[beyond]], [[further]]<br />Etymology: Both <b class="b3">πέρα</b> and <b class="b3">πέραν</b> are frozen caseforms, the latter acc. of a noun <b class="b3">*πέρα</b> f. (Schwyzer 621), the first polyinterpret. (instr. f. or nom. pl. n.?). To this were adapted, prob. as innovations, the gen. in <b class="b3">ἀντι-πέρας</b> and in <b class="b3">ἐκ πέρας Ναυπακτίας</b> (A. Supp. 262) as well as the nominal acc. in <b class="b3">Χαλκίδος πέραν ἔχων</b> (A.Ag. 190 [lyr.]) and in <b class="b3">πέρανδε</b> (Argos Va). -- With <b class="b3">πέρα</b> may be equated formally Skt. <b class="b2">párā</b> and Av. [[para]] <b class="b2">off, away, on the side</b>; these belong to the adj. Skt. <b class="b2">pára-</b>, Av. OP. <b class="b2">para-</b> <b class="b2">farther, of the other side</b>. Uncertain is the comparison of <b class="b3">πέραν</b> with Lat. <b class="b2">per-peram</b> [[wrong]], [[false]], s. W.-Hofmann s. v. Cf. [[πέρι]] and [[πάρος]] w. further connections and lit.