ἅπτω: Difference between revisions

|Definition=fut. <b class="b3">ἅψω</b>: aor. <b class="b3">ἧψα</b>:—Pass., pf. <b class="b3">ἧμμαι</b>, Ion. <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> ἅμμαι <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.86</span>: fut. ἅψομαι <span class="bibl">Od.9.379</span>, <b class="b3">ἁφθήσομαι</b> (συν-) Gal.3.311:—Med., v.infr. (cf. [[ἑάφθη]]):—[[fasten]] or [[bind to]], used by Hom., once in Act., <b class="b3">ἅψας ἀμφοτέρωθεν . . ἔντερον οἰός</b> (of a lyre-string) <span class="bibl">Od.21.408</span>; once in Med., <b class="b3">ἁψαμένη βρόχον . . ἀφ' ὑψηλοῖο μελάθρου</b> [[having fastened]] the noose to the beam (to hang herself), <span class="bibl">11.278</span>; so later ἅψεται ἀμφὶ βρόχον . . δείρᾳ <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hipp.</span>770</span>; ἁψαμένη βρόχον αὐχένι <span class="bibl">A.R.1.1065</span>:—Act., βρόχους ἅ. κρεμαστούς <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Or.</span>1036</span>; but βρόχῳ ἅ. δέρην <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Hel.</span>136</span>, cf. <span class="title">AP</span>7.493 (Antip. Thess.). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> [[join]], ἅ. χορόν <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Eu.</span>307</span>; <b class="b3">πάλην τινὶ ἅ</b>. [[fasten]] a contest in wrestling [[on]] one, [[engage with]] one, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ch.</span>868</span>: —Pass., ἅπτεσθαι τὴν Μεγαρέων πόλιν καὶ Κορινθίων τοῖς τείχεσιν <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Pol.</span>1280b14</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> more freq. in Med., <b class="b3">ἅπτομαι</b>, fut. <b class="b3">ἅψομαι</b>, aor. ἡψάμην <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Supp.</span>317</span>, with pf. Pass. ἧμμαι <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Tr.</span>1010</span>(lyr.), <span class="bibl">Pl. <span class="title">Phdr.</span>260e</span>:—<b class="b2">fasten oneself to, grasp</b>, c.gen., ἅψασθαι γούνων <span class="bibl">Il.1.512</span>; χειρῶν <span class="bibl">10.377</span>; ἁψαμένη δὲ γενείου Ὀδυσσῆα προσέειπεν <span class="bibl">Od.19.473</span>; ἅπτεσθαι νηῶν <span class="bibl">Il.2.152</span>; βρώμης δ' οὐχ ἅπτεαι οὐδὲ ποτῆτος; <span class="bibl">Od.10.379</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">4.60</span>; ὡς δ' ὅτε τίς τε κύων συὸς . . ἅπτηται κατόπισθε . . ἰσχία τε γλουτούς τε <span class="bibl">Il.8.339</span>; ἅπτεσθαι τοῦ ἐπεόντος ἐπὶ τῶν δενδρέων καρποῦ <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.32</span>; τῶν τύμβων ἁπτόμενοι <span class="bibl">Id.4.172</span>; <b class="b3">ἅπτεσθαί τινος</b>, Lat. [[manus inicere alicui]], <span class="bibl">Id.3.137</span>; οὔτ' ἔθιγεν οὔθ' ἥψαθ' ἡμῶν <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ba.</span>617</span>; <b class="b3">τῶν σφυγμῶν</b> [[feel]] the pulse, <span class="bibl">Arr.<span class="title">Epict.</span>3.22.73</span>: metaph., <b class="b2">take hold of, cleave to</b>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>967c</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">b</span> abs., <b class="b3">τῶν μὲν γὰρ πάντων βέλε' ἅπτεται</b> for the spears of all the Trojans [[reach their mark]], <span class="bibl">Il.17.631</span>; ἀμφοτέρων βέλε' ἥπτετο <span class="bibl">8.67</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">c</span> ἅ. τῆς γῆς [[land]], <span class="bibl">D.S.4.48</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">III</span> metaph., [[engage in]], [[undertake]], βουλευμάτων <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>179</span>; ἀγῶνος <span class="bibl">E. <span class="title">Supp.</span>317</span>; <b class="b3">πολέμου</b> [[prosecute]] it [[vigorously]], <span class="bibl">Th.5.61</span>; ἧπται τοῦ πράγματος <span class="bibl">D.21.155</span>; ψυχὴ ἡμμένη φόνων <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phd.</span>108b</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">IT</span>381</span>; τῶν μεγίστων ἀσεβημάτων <span class="bibl">Plb.7.13.6</span>; so ἅ. τῆς μουσικῆς καὶ φιλοσοφίας <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>411c</span>; <b class="b3">ἐπιτηδεύματος</b> ib.<span class="bibl">497e</span>; γεωμετρίας <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Plt.</span>266a</span>; τῆς θαλάττης <span class="bibl">Plb.1.24.7</span>; ἅπτεσθαι λόγου <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Andr.</span>662</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Euthd.</span>283a</span> (but <b class="b3">ἅπτεσθαι τοῦ λόγου</b> [[attack]], [[impugn]] the argument of another, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Phd.</span> 86d</span>); <b class="b3">τούτων ἥψατο</b> [[touched on]] these points, [[handled]] them, <span class="bibl">Th.1.97</span>; ἅ. τῆς ζητήσεως <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">GC</span>320b34</span>; but also, <b class="b2">touch on, treat superficially</b>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>694c</span>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">EE</span>1227a1</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">b</span> abs., <b class="b2">begin, set to work</b>, ταῖς διανοίαις <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ec.</span>581</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> [[fasten upon]], [[attack]], <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">N.</span>8.22</span>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span> 1608</span>, etc.; μόνον τῷ δακτύλῳ <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Lys.</span>365</span>; τῆς οὐραγίας <span class="bibl">Plb.2.34.12</span>; esp. with words, <span class="bibl">Hdt.5.92</span>.<b class="b3">γ</b>; of diseases, ἧπταί μου <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Tr.</span>1010</span>, cf. Gal.15.702; ἥψατο τῶν ἀνθρώπων <span class="bibl">Th.2.48</span>; <b class="b3">ὅσα ἅπτεται ἀνθρώπων</b> all that [[feed on]] human flesh, ib.<span class="bibl">50</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">b</span> [[lay hands on]], χρημάτων <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span> 913a</span>; τῶν ἀλλοτρίων <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">R.</span>360b</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> [[touch]], [[affect]], ἄλγος οὐδὲν ἅπτεται νεκροῦ <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Fr.</span>255</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>955</span>; ἅπτει μου τοῖς λόγοις τῆς ψυχῆς <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ion</span>535a</span>; τῆς ἐμῆς ἥψω φρενός <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Rh.</span>916</span>; ὥς μου χρησμὸς ἅ. φρενῶν <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Eq.</span>1237</span>; [[make an impression upon]], ἡμῶν <span class="title">OGI</span>315.56 (Pessinus, ii B. C.). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">4</span> <b class="b2">grasp with the senses, perceive</b>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>1550</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phd.</span>99e</span>; [[apprehend]], τῆς αἰτίας <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Resp.</span>472a3</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">5</span> [[have intercourse with]] a woman, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>84c</span>a, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Pol.</span>1335b40</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">1 Ep.Cor.</span> 7.1</span>; εὐνῆς <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ph.</span>946</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">6</span> <b class="b2">come up to, reach, overtake</b>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span>5.4.43</span>; [[attain]], τῆς ἀληθείας <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phd.</span>65b</span>; τοῦ τέλους <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Smp.</span>211b</span>: in Pi., c. dat., ἀγλαΐαις <span class="bibl"><span class="title">P.</span>10.28</span>; στάλαισιν Ἡρακλείαις <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">I.</span>4(3).12</span>; but also c. gen., Ἡρακλέος σταλᾶν <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">O.</span>3.44</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">7</span> <b class="b2">make use of, avail oneself of</b>, τῆς τύχης <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">IA</span>56</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">8</span> Geom., of bodies and surfaces, [[to be in contact]], <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Ph.</span>231a22</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Metaph.</span>1002a34</span>, al., <span class="bibl">S.E.<span class="title">M.</span>3.35</span>; of lines or curves, [[meet]], <span class="bibl">Euc.3</span><span class="title">Def.</span>2; [[touch]], Id.4<span class="title">Def.</span>5, <span class="bibl">Archim. <span class="title">Sph.Cyl.</span>1.28</span>; [[pass through]] a point, <span class="bibl">Euc.4</span><span class="title">Defs.</span>2,6; of points, [[lie on]] a line or curve, ib.<span class="title">Defs.</span>1,3; <b class="b3">ἅπτεται τὸ σημεῖον θέσει δεδομένης εὐθείας</b> [[the locus]] of the point [[is]] a given straight line, Id. ap. <span class="bibl">Papp.656.6</span>,al. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">B</span> Act., <b class="b2">kindle, set on fire</b> (i.e. by [[contact]] of fire), <span class="bibl">Hdt.8.52</span>, etc. (so in Med., <span class="bibl">Call.<span class="title">Dian.</span>116</span>); ἐρείκης θωμὸν ἅψαντες πυρί <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>295</span>: metaph., πυρσὸν ὕμνων <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">I.</span>4(3).43</span>:—Pass., [[to be set on fire]], ὁ μοχλὸς ἐλάϊνος ἐν πυρὶ μέλλεν ἅψεσθαι <span class="bibl">Od.9.379</span>; <b class="b3">ὡς ἅφθη τάχιστα τὸ λήιον . . ἅψατο νηοῦ</b> as soon as the corn [[caught fire]], it [[set fire to]] the temple, <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.19</span>; <b class="b3">πυρῆς ἤδη ἁμμένης</b> ib.<span class="bibl">86</span>; ἧπται πυρί <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hel.</span>107</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> <b class="b3">ἅ. πῦρ</b> [[kindle]] a fire, ib.<span class="bibl">503</span>:—Pass., <b class="b3">ἄνθρακες ἡμμένοι</b> <b class="b2">red-hot</b> embers, <span class="bibl">Th.4.100</span>; δᾷδ' ἐνεγκάτω τις ἡμμένην <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Nu.</span>1490</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Pl.</span>301</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">III</span> [[cook]], <span class="bibl">Alex.124.1</span>.</span>

|etymtx=Grammatical information: v.<br />Meaning: <b class="b2">join, fasten, grasp; kindle</b> (Il.).<br />Other forms: mostly med.<br />Derivatives: <b class="b3">ἁφή</b> <b class="b2">the kindling, the touching, the grip etc.</b> (Hdt.); from here, or as deverb., <b class="b3">ἀφάω</b> [[handle]] only pres. (Il.) - <b class="b3">ἅψις</b> [[handling]] (Hp.); <b class="b3">ἅψος</b> n. [[join]], pl. [[joints]] (Od.; Chantr. Form. 421); <b class="b3">ἅμμα</b> [[noose]], [[cord]] (Hp.) - <b class="b3">ἁψίς</b>, <b class="b3">-ῖδος</b> f. [[loop]], [[mesh]]- Perhaps also <b class="b3">ἄφθα</b>, <b class="b3">αὑαψή</b>, <b class="b3">χορδαψός</b> s.s.vv.<br />Origin: XX [etym. unknown]<br />Etymology: Unknown. Cf. Kretschmers Glotta 7, 352. Wrong Pisani Ist. Lomb. 73 : 2, 28 (from <b class="b3">*ἅπϜω</b> to Av. [[āfǝnte]]). vW. connects <b class="b3">ἰάπτω</b>. Szemerényi Gnomon 43 (1971) 656 connects [[fasten]] with Lat. [[apio]] and [[kindle]] with Gm. [[sengen]], OCS <b class="b2">prě-sǫčiti</b> [[dry]] from <b class="b2">*senkʷ-</b>. Fur. 324, 353 (<b class="b3">ἕμμα</b>!) takes <b class="b3">ἀφάω</b> as evidence for Pre-Greek (but it may be derived from <b class="b3">ἁφή</b>). On <b class="b3">ἅψος</b> and Armenian forms s. Clackson 98ff.