ὀρύσσω: Difference between revisions

|etymtx=Grammatical information: v.<br />Meaning: <b class="b2">to dig (up, in, out), to scrape, to bury</b>.<br />Other forms: att. <b class="b3">-ττω</b>, late <b class="b3">-χω</b> (Arat.), ipv. <b class="b3">-γε</b> (Seriphos), aor. <b class="b3">ὀρύξαι</b>, fut. <b class="b3">ὀρύξω</b> (Hom.), pass. aor. <b class="b3">ὀρυχθῆναι</b>, fut. <b class="b3">ὀρυχθήσομαι</b>, perf. <b class="b3">ὀρώρυγμαι</b> (IA.; w. prefix <b class="b3">κατ-ώρυγμαι</b>). Act. <b class="b3">ὀρώρυχα</b> (Att.), Aor. 2. <b class="b3">ὀρυγεῖν</b>, pass. <b class="b3">ὀρυγῆναι</b> (late).<br />Compounds: Often w. prefix, e.g. <b class="b3">κατ-</b>, <b class="b3">δι-</b>, <b class="b3">ἀν-</b>, <b class="b3">περι-</b>.<br />Derivatives: 1. backformation <b class="b3">ὄρυξ</b>, <b class="b3">-υγος</b> m. [[pickaxe]] (AP), usu. name of an Egyptian and Libyan (also Indian) gazelle or antelope (Arist., LXX), seemingly after the pointed horns, but rather folketym. transformed LW [loanword]; also name of a great fish (Str.; s. Thompson Fishes s.v.). Of the prefixcompp. <b class="b3">κατ-ῶρυξ</b> (<b class="b3">ω</b> comp. length.), <b class="b3">-υχος</b> [[buried]], [[dug in]], [[underground]], as subst. f. [[grave]] (trag.); dat. pl. <b class="b3">κατω-ρυχέεσσι</b> (<b class="b3">λάεσσι</b>, <b class="b3">λίθοισι ζ</b> 267, ι 185), rather metr. enlarged than from <b class="b3">κατωρυχής</b>; <b class="b3">δι-ῶρυξ</b>, <b class="b3">-υχος</b>, late mostly <b class="b3">-υγος</b> f. [[ditch]], [[channel]], [[mine]] (Ion., Th., Tab. Heracl., pap.). 2. (<b class="b3">δι-</b>, <b class="b3">ὑπ-)όρυγμα</b> n. [[hole]], [[grave]] (IA.); 3. <b class="b3">ὀρυγμός</b> m. <b class="b2">id.</b> (Priene). 4. (<b class="b3">δι-)ορυχή</b> f. (<b class="b3">-ωρ-</b>) [[the digging]] (D., Delos), also <b class="b3">-γή</b> (LXX). 5. (<b class="b3">κατ-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐπ-</b>, <b class="b3">ὑπ-)όρυξις</b> f. <b class="b2">id.</b> (Arist.). 6. <b class="b3">ὀρυκτή</b> f. = <b class="b3">ὄρυγμα</b> (Ph.). 7. <b class="b3">ὀρυκ-τήρ</b> m. [[miner]] (Zeno Stoic.), <b class="b3">-της</b> m. <b class="b2">digger, tool for digging</b> (Aesop., Str.); (<b class="b3">δι-</b>) <b class="b3">ορυκτρίς</b> f. adjunct of <b class="b3">χελώνη</b> [[mine protection roof]] (Poliorc.). 8. <b class="b3">ὀρυγεύς</b> [[fossorium]] (Gloss.).<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European]X [probably] [868] <b class="b2">*h₃reu-k-</b>? [[dig up]], [[grub]]<br />Etymology: The general basis of all verbal forms and derived nouns is a stem <b class="b3">ὀρυχ-</b>; the media in <b class="b3">ὀρυγ-</b> is secondary (cf. Schwyzer 715 a. 760); secondary is also the present <b class="b3">ὀρύχω</b> (Schw. 684 f.). -- Without exact agreement outside Greek. As <b class="b3">ὀ-</b> can be [[prothetic]], we can explain the primary yot-present <b class="b3">ὀρύσσω</b> from <b class="b3">*ὀρυχ-ι̯ω</b> < <b class="b2">*h₃rugh-</b> and compare the nasalinfixed secondary formation Lat. [[runcō]], <b class="b2">-āre</b> <b class="b2">weed out, root up</b>, to which a.o. [[runcō]], <b class="b2">-ōnis</b> m. [[weeding hook]], as well as Latv. [[rūkēt]] [[dig]], [[scrape]]; also the primary Skt. <b class="b2">luñcati</b> [[pluck off]] (with [[l]] from IE [[r]]) can belong here. To be considered further several isolated verbal nouns, esp. from Celtic, e.g. Ir. [[rucht]] (< <b class="b2">*ruk-tu-</b>) [[swine]], pop. *"grubber"; from Alban. [[rrah]] [[excavation]], [[reclaimed land]] IE <b class="b2">*rouk-so-</b> (Restelli Ist. Lomb. 91, 475). The aspiration, seen only in Greek, can be expressive or analogical. -- (If one separates the velar as a formative element, we can compare [[οὑροί]] m. pl. [[trench]] (s.v.), [[ὅρος]] [[boundary]] ('-furrow'?), the instrument name <b class="b3">ὀρυα</b>, poss. also <b class="b3">ὀρύα</b> f. [[intestine]], prop. *"hole"?). Further forms w. rich lit. in WP. 2, 351 ff., Pok. 868ff.