ὄρνυμι: Difference between revisions

|Definition=or ὀρνύω, poet. Verb: from the former come imper. <b class="b3">ὄρνῠθι, ὄρνῠτε</b>, <span class="bibl">Il.6.363</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.10.457</span>, al. ; inf. <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> ὀρνύμεναι <span class="bibl">Il.17.546</span>, ὀρνύμεν <span class="bibl">9.353</span>, al.; and from the latter, pres. ὀρνύει <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>13.12</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Orph.<span class="title">L.</span>222</span> : 3sg. and pl. impf. <b class="b3">ὤρνυε, -υον</b>, <span class="bibl">Od.21.100</span>, <span class="bibl">Il.12.142</span> : fut. ὄρσω <span class="bibl">21.335</span>, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">N.</span>9.8</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>1060</span> : aor. ὦρσα <span class="bibl">Il.5.629</span>, al., <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Th.</span>523</span>, <span class="bibl">A. <span class="title">Pers.</span>496</span>; Ion. 3sg. ὄρσασκε <span class="bibl">Il.17.423</span>: redupl. aor. 2 ὤρορε <span class="bibl">2.146</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.4.712</span>, etc. (but <b class="b3">ὤρορε</b> stands for <b class="b3">ὄρωρε</b>, <span class="bibl">Il.13.78</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.8.539</span>):— Med. <b class="b3">ὄρνῠμαι</b>, used by Hom. in 3sg. ὄρνυται <span class="bibl">Il.5.532</span>, al., imper. <b class="b3">ὄρνυσθε</b> ib.<span class="bibl">102</span>, al., part. ὀρνύμενος <span class="bibl">20.158</span>, al.: impf. <b class="b3">ὠρνύμην</b>, used by Hom. in 3sg. and pl., ὤρνῠτο <span class="bibl">Il.3.267</span>, al., ὤρνυντο <span class="bibl">Od.2.397</span>, al.: fut. 3sg. ὀρεῖται <span class="bibl">Il.20.140</span> : aor. 2 <b class="b3">ὠρόμην</b>, 3sg. ὤρετο <span class="bibl">12.279</span>,<span class="bibl">14.397</span>, also very freq. <b class="b3">ὦρτο</b>, <span class="bibl">5.590</span>, al.; 3pl. without augm. ὄροντο <span class="bibl">Od.3.471</span> (but v. [[ὄρομαι]]), ὀρέοντο <span class="bibl">Il.2.398</span>,<span class="bibl">23.212</span> (unless this is impf.); imper. <b class="b3">ὄρσο</b> or <b class="b3">ὄρσεο</b>, <span class="bibl">5.109</span>, al., <span class="bibl">3.250</span>, al.; Ion. contr. ὄρσευ <span class="bibl">4.264</span>, <span class="bibl">19</span>. <span class="bibl">139</span>; subj. ὄρηται <span class="bibl">Od.16.98</span>,al. ; inf. ὄρθαι <span class="bibl">Il.8.474</span>; part. ὀρόμενος <span class="bibl">A. <span class="title">Th.</span>87</span>, <span class="bibl">115</span> (both lyr.), ὄρμενος <span class="bibl">Il.11.326</span>, al., and in lyr. passages of Trag., <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>1408</span> (cf. <span class="bibl">429</span>), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Supp.</span>422</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>177</span>: to the Med. also belongs the pf. <b class="b3">ὄρωρα</b>, used by Hom. only in 3sg. <b class="b3">ὄρωρε</b> (v. supr.), subj. ὀρώρῃ <span class="bibl">Il.9.610</span>, al.; and plpf. ὀρώρει <span class="bibl">2.810</span>, al. (cf. [[ὄρομαι]]), also ὠρώρει <span class="bibl">18.498</span>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>653</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>1622</span>:—Pass., perf. <b class="b3">ὀρώρεται</b>, = [[ὄρωρε]], <span class="bibl">Od. 19.377</span> ; subj. ὀρώρηται <span class="bibl">Il.13.271</span>: 3pl. aor. ὦρθεν Corinn.<span class="title">Supp.</span>1.21. (Cf. Skt. [[ṛṇóti]] 'rush', aor. 3sg. [[ārta]] = [[ὦρτο]], Lat.[[orior]]; cf. also <b class="b3">ἔρσεο, ἔρσῃ</b>, and <b class="b3">ἔρετο</b> in Hsch.) :—[[stir]], [[stir up]]; esp. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">1</span> of bodily movement, [[urge on]], [[incite]], τινὰ ἐπί τινι <span class="bibl">Il.5.629</span>, <span class="bibl">12.293</span>; <b class="b3">οἱ ἐπ' αἰετὸν ὦρσε</b> [[let loose]] his eagle upon him, <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Th.</span>523</span>; τινὰ ἀντία τινός <span class="bibl">Il.20.79</span>; rarely, τινὰ εἰς ἀυάταν <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>2.29</span>: c. inf., <b class="b3">Ζεὺς ὦρσε μάχεσθαι</b> [[urged]] them [[on]] to fight, <span class="bibl">Il.13.794</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">17.273</span>; τὴν . . ῥέξαι θεὸς ὤρορεν ἔργον <span class="bibl">Od.23.222</span> ; τόλμα μοι γλῶσσαν ὀρνύει λέγειν <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>13.12</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">P.</span>4.170</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span> 1060</span>:—Med., with pf. <b class="b3">ὄρωρα</b>, [[move]], [[stir oneself]], <b class="b3">εἰς ὅ κε . . μοι φίλα γούνατ' ὀρώρῃ</b> while my limbs [[have power to move]], <span class="bibl">Il.9.610</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Od.18.133</span>, etc.: used by Hom. in imper. <b class="b3">ὄρσεο</b>, <b class="b2">up! arise</b>! (like <b class="b3">ἄγε</b> and <b class="b3">ἴθι</b>) in exhorting, <span class="bibl">Il.3.250</span>, al.; ὄρσο <span class="bibl">5.109</span>,<span class="bibl">24.88</span>; ἀλλ' ὄρσευ πόλεμόνδε <span class="bibl">4.264</span>, <span class="bibl">19.139</span>: in hostile sense, [[rush on]], [[rush furiously]], ὦρτο δ' ἐπ' αὐτοὺς [Ἕκτωρ] <span class="bibl">5.590</span>, <span class="bibl">11.343</span>; ὦρτο δ' ἐπ' αὐτῷ <span class="bibl">21.248</span>; ὤρνυτο χαλκῷ Τυδεΐδης <span class="bibl">5.17</span>, etc.; ὄρνυται λαός <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Th.</span>89</span>(lyr.), cf. <span class="bibl">419</span>(lyr.), <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span> 1320</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b2">make to arise, call forth</b>, ἀπ' Ὠκεανοῦ . . Ἠριγένειαν ὦρσεν <span class="bibl">Od.23.348</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">7.169</span>; [[awaken]], [[arouse]] from sleep, ὦρσεν . . Ἱπποκόωντα <span class="bibl">Il.10.518</span> ; of animals, [[start]], [[chase]], ὦρσαν δὲ Νύμφαι . . αἶγας ὀρεσκῴους <span class="bibl">Od.9.154</span> ; ὡς δ' ὅτε νεβρὸν ὄρεσφι κύων . . ὄρσας ἐξ εὐνῆς <span class="bibl">Il.22.190</span> :— Med., [[arise]], [[start up]], esp. from bed, Ἠὼς ἐκ λεχέων . . ὤρνυθ' <span class="bibl">11.2</span> ; ὤρνυτ' ἄρ' ἐξ εὐνῆφιν <span class="bibl">Od.2.2</span>, etc.; ἀπὸ θρόνου ὦρτο φαεινοῦ <span class="bibl">Il.11.645</span>; <b class="b3">ἀπὸ χθονὸς ὤρνυτο</b> [[attacked]] from... <span class="bibl">5.13</span> : abs., ὀρνυμένοιο ἄνακτος <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Th.</span>843</span>: c. inf., [[rise to do]] a thing, [[set about]] it, οἱ δ' εὕδειν ὤρνυντο <span class="bibl">Od.2.397</span> (so c. part., <b class="b3">ὄρσο κέων</b> [[get thee]] to bed, <span class="bibl">7.342</span>); ὦρτο . . ἴμεν <span class="bibl">7.14</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Sc.</span> 40</span>; ὦρτο πέτεσθαι <span class="bibl">Il.13.62</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">ὤρετο . . Ζεὺς νειφέμεν</b> [[started]] or [[began to]]... <span class="bibl">12.279</span> ; without inf., ὤρορε θεῖος ἀοιδός <span class="bibl">Od.8.539</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> freq. used of things as well as persons, [[call forth]], [[excite]], of storms and the like, which the gods call forth, ὄρσας . . ἀνέμων . . ἀϋτμήν <span class="bibl">11.407</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Il.14.254</span>, <span class="bibl">21.335</span> ; νοῦσον ἀνὰ στρατὸν ὦρσε <span class="bibl">1.10</span>, etc.; θεὸς χειμῶν' ἄωρον ὦρσε <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pers.</span>496</span> :—and in Med., [[arise]], ὀρώρει δ' οὐρανόθεν νύξ <span class="bibl">Od.5.294</span>, al. ; φλὸξ ὦρτο <span class="bibl">Il.8.135</span> ; ὅτε τις χειμὼν . . ὄροιτο <span class="bibl">Od.14.522</span> ; ὦρτο δὲ κῦμα πνοιῇ ὕπο λιγυρῇ <span class="bibl">Il.23.214</span> ; πῦρ ὄρμενον ἐξαίφνης <span class="bibl">17.738</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>177</span> (lyr.). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">b</span> of human actions, passions, and the like, ὄρσαι πόλεμον <span class="bibl">Il.4.16</span> ; ἔριν <span class="bibl">Od.3.161</span> ; ἐν δὲ κυδοιμὸν ὦρσε κακόν <span class="bibl">Il.11.53</span> ; ὑφ' ἵμερον ὦρσε γόοιο <span class="bibl">23.108</span>, al. ; μή μοι γόον ὄρνυθι <span class="bibl">Od.17.46</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">10.457</span> ; ἐν φόβον ὦρσε <span class="bibl">Il.13.362</span> ; ἐν μένος ὦρσεν <span class="bibl">8.335</span> :—and in Med., φευγόντων δ' οὔτ' ἂρ κλέος ὄρνυται οὔτε τις ἀλκή <span class="bibl">5.532</span> ; καί μοι μένος ὤρορε <span class="bibl">13.78</span> ; ὅππῃ οἱ νόος ὄρνυται <span class="bibl">Od.1.347</span> ; ἔριδος μέγα νεῖκος ὀρώρει <span class="bibl">Il.17.384</span> ; τῶν δὲ στόνος ὤρνυτ' ἀεικής <span class="bibl">10.483</span>, al.; <b class="b3">δοῦρα ὄρμενα πρόσσω</b> the darts [[flying]] on wards, <span class="bibl">11.572</span> ; ὀρνυμένων πολέμων <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>8.34</span> ; <b class="b3">ἀφρὸς ἀπὸ χροὸς ὤρνυτο</b> [[started]] from the skin, <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Th.</span>191</span> ; ὠς λόγος ἐκ πατέρων ὄρωρεν <span class="bibl">Alc.71</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">4</span> A.R. uses <b class="b3">ὄρωρε</b> nearly as = [[ἐστί]], <span class="bibl">1.713</span>, al. ; <b class="b3">ὀρώρει</b> = [[ἦν]], <span class="bibl">2.473</span>, <span class="bibl">3.457</span>.—The Verb is mainly used in Ep. and Lyr. poetry; seldom found in Trag. trim., ὄρσω <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>1060</span>; ὦρσα <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pers.</span>496</span> ; ὄρνυμαι <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>1320</span> ; <b class="b3">ὠρώρει</b> ib.<span class="bibl">1622</span>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>653</span> ; prob. never in Com. (<span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ra.</span>1529</span> is mock-Epic) or correct Prose.</span>