σπείρω: Difference between revisions

|etymtx=Grammatical information: v.<br />Meaning: [[to sow]], [[to seed]], also (esp. w. prefix) <b class="b2">to spread, to scatter, to distribute</b>.<br />Other forms: Aor. <b class="b3">σπεῖραι</b>, fut. <b class="b3">σπερῶ</b>, aor. pass. <b class="b3">σπαρ-ῆναι</b>, fut. <b class="b3">-ήσομαι</b>, perf. midd. <b class="b3">ἔσπαρμαι</b> (IA), act. <b class="b3">ἔσπαρκα</b> (late.).<br />Dialectal forms: Myc. [[pemo]], [[pema]].<br />Compounds: often w. prefix, e.g. <b class="b3">δια-</b>, <b class="b3">κατα-</b>.<br />Derivatives: A. With full grade: 1. <b class="b3">σπέρμα</b> n. [[seed]], [[sowing]], [[stem]], [[sprout]] ( ε 490); as 1. member also with transition in the <b class="b2">o-</b>stems, e.g. <b class="b3">σπερμο-λόγος</b> "picking up corn", [[rook]] (Ar., Arist. etc.; Schmid Phil. 95, 82), [[chatterbox]] (D. etc., MLat. [[spermologus]]; Silvestre Arch. Lat. Med. Aevi 30, 155 ff.). From it <b class="b3">σπερ-μάτιον</b> n. dimin. (Thphr. a. o.), <b class="b3">-ματίας</b> (<b class="b3">σικυός</b>) m. [[seed bearer]] (Cratin.), <b class="b3">-ματίτης</b>, <b class="b3">-ματῖτις</b> <b class="b2">bearing, bringing forth seed</b> (late; Redard 102), <b class="b3">-ματικός</b> <b class="b2">to hold, to bring forth seed</b> (Arist. etc.), <b class="b3">-ματώδης</b> [[seed-like]] (late); <b class="b3">-μαίνω</b> [[to sow]], [[to bring forth]] (Hes., Call., Plu. a. o.), <b class="b3">-ματίζω</b> [[to sow]], [[to bear seed]], <b class="b3">-ματίζομαι</b> [[to be sown]], [[pregnant]] with <b class="b3">-ματισμός</b> m. (LXX, Thphr.), <b class="b3">-ματόομαι</b> [[to come to seed]] (Thphr.) with <b class="b3">-μάτωσις</b> (Phan. Hist.). -- 2. <b class="b3">σπέραδος</b> n. = <b class="b3">σπέρμα</b> (Nic.; like <b class="b3">χέραδος</b>). -- B. With <b class="b2">o-</b>ablaut: 1. <b class="b3">σπόρος</b> m. [[seed]], [[sowing]] (Att.) with <b class="b3">-ιμος</b> [[fit for sowing]], <b class="b3">τὰ -α</b> [[sowing fields]] (X.. Thphr., LXX a. o.; Arbenz 46 a. 48). 2. <b class="b3">σπορά</b> f. [[sowing]], [[seed]], [[procreation]], [[descent]] (Trag., Pl., Thphr. a. o.) with <b class="b3">-αῖος</b> [[sown]] (Babr.); often to the prefixcompp., e.g. <b class="b3">διασπορά</b> f. [[dispersal]], [[exile]] (LXX, Ph., Plu. a. o.). 3. From <b class="b3">σπόρος</b> or <b class="b3">σπορά</b>: <b class="b3">ὁμό-σπορος</b> <b class="b2">of the same seed, kindred</b> (poet. h. Cer.); <b class="b3">σπορ-εύς</b> (<b class="b3">κατα-</b>. <b class="b3">δια-</b>) m. [[sower]], [[begetter]] (X., pap. a.o.; Bosshardt 53). 4. <b class="b3">σπορητός</b> m. [[sowing]], [[seed]] (A., X., Thphr.; after <b class="b3">ἀλοητός</b>, <b class="b3">ἄμητος</b> a. o.; not with Bosshardt l. c. from <b class="b3">*σπορέω</b>). 5. <b class="b3">σποράς</b>, <b class="b3">-άδος</b> [[dispersed]] (IA.), <b class="b3">αἱ Σποράδες</b> group of islands, with <b class="b3">-άδην</b> [[dispersed]] (Att. etc.), <b class="b3">-αδικός</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> (Arist.), <b class="b3">-άσαι</b> aor. [[to disperse]] (inscr.). 6. <b class="b3">ἐπισπορ-ίη</b> f. [[after-seed]], [[second seed]] (Hes.; <b class="b3">ἐπίσπορος</b> A.), <b class="b3">περισπόρ-ια</b> n. pl. [[suburbs]] (LXX). -- C. With zero grade: 1. <b class="b3">σπαρ-τός</b> [[sown]] (A. a. o.); <b class="b3">οἱ Σπαρτοί</b> m.. pl. "the sown ones", of the dragonseed of Kadmos (Pi. a.o.); 2. [[σπαρνός]] (s. v.).<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [993] <b class="b2">*sper-</b> [[strew]], [[sow]], [[sprinkle]]<br />Etymology: As agricultural term for sowing <b class="b3">σπείρω</b> belongs exclusively to Greek. In the west, including Balto-Slavic, appear for it representatives of <b class="b2">sē-</b> : <b class="b2">sh₁-</b> (Lat. [[sēmen]] etc.); s. Ernout-Meillet and W.-Hofmann s. 1. [[serō]] (cf. also above on <b class="b3">ἵημι</b>). Also in the supposedly older meaning [[strew]] the other languages provide nothing, that can be identified with <b class="b3">σπείρω</b>. Nearest cognate Armenian has in <b class="b2">sp'iṙ</b> [[strews]] with <b class="b2">sp`rem</b> [[spread out]] and in <b class="b2">p`arat</b> [[spread out]], [[separated]] with <b class="b2">p`aratem</b> [[spread out]], [[remove]] words which, not to speak of the "rolling" [[r]] and the vowel (IE [[ē]] or [[i]]) in <b class="b2">sp`iṙ</b> , in anlaut (IE (<b class="b2">s)ph-</b>?) differ from <b class="b3">σπείρω</b>. Arm. [[sparnam]] [[threaten]] (Meillet BSL 31, 52) differs semantically strongly. The last word leads to the s. <b class="b3">σπαίρω</b> adduced Skt. <b class="b2">sphuráti</b>, Lat. [[spernō]] etc. Thus we retain two IE groups <b class="b2">sp(h)er-</b> with the general meaning [[strew]], [[sprinkle]], [[spatter]] resp. <b class="b2">draw out, kick with the foot, sprawl,</b> (Gm.) [[hurry]], which, cannot well be distinguished and as popular-expressive expressions may have formed the starting point for <b class="b3">σπείρω</b>". Cf. the lit. on [[σπαίρω]]. -- Hitt. <b class="b2">išpar-iya-zi</b> (beside [[išpar-i]]) [[he folds out]], [[stretches out]], wit <b class="b3">σπείρω</b> formally comparable, gives some doubts (Benveniste BSL 33, 139).