κλαίω: Difference between revisions

|Definition=old Att. κλάω (v. infr.) [ᾱ] never contracted; Aeol. κλαΐω <span class="title">Lyr.Adesp.</span>65; Ep.2sg.opt.<span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> κλαίοισθα <span class="bibl">Il.24.619</span>: Att.impf.<b class="b3">ἔκλᾱον</b>, Ep. κλαῖον <span class="bibl">Od.10.201</span>, Ion.κλαίεσκον <span class="bibl">Il.8.364</span>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.119</span>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Fr.</span>312</span>: fut. <b class="b3">κλαύσομαι</b>, 2sg. <b class="b3">κλαύσῃ</b> or <b class="b3">κλαύσει</b>, <span class="bibl">Il.18.340</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">V.</span>1327</span> (lyr.), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Nu.</span>58</span>, <span class="bibl">933</span> (anap.), <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Cyc.</span>554</span>, etc., rarely κλαυσοῦμαι <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Pax</span>1081</span>, <span class="bibl">1277</span> (in mock heroic verses); Att. also κλαιήσω Hyp.<span class="title">Dem.Fr.</span>10, κλᾱήσω <span class="bibl">D. 19.310</span>, <span class="bibl">21.99</span>, later κλαύσω <span class="bibl">Theoc.23.34</span>, <span class="bibl">D.H.4.70</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Jo.</span>16.20</span>, <span class="bibl">Man. 3.143</span>: aor. <b class="b3">ἔκλαυσα</b>, Ep. κλαῦσα <span class="bibl">Od.3.261</span>:—Med., aor. ἐκλαυσάμην <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Tr.</span>153</span>, <span class="title">AP</span>7.412 (Alc. Mess.):—Pass., fut. κλαυσθήσομαι <span class="bibl">LXX <span class="title">Ps.</span> 77(78).64</span>, κεκλαύσομαι <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Nu.</span>1436</span>: aor. ἐκλαύσθην Lyc.831, <span class="bibl">J.<span class="title">AJ</span>8.11.1</span> (v.l. [[κλαυθείς]]), <span class="title">IG</span>14.2128: pf. κέκλαυμαι <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ch.</span>687</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>1490</span>, κέκλαυσμαι Lyc.273, Plu.2.115b. [<b class="b3">κλάω [ᾱ</b>] is recognized as Att. by <span class="bibl">A.D.<span class="title">Adv.</span>187.26</span>, and is found in codd. of <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Av.</span>341</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>792a</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Phlb.</span>48a</span>: <b class="b3">ἔκλᾰε</b> in later poetry, <span class="bibl">Theoc.14.32</span>, dub. in <span class="bibl">Hermesian.7.33</span> (cf. [[κλέω]] A).] (<b class="b3">κλᾰϝ-ψω</b>, cf. <b class="b3">κλαυ-θμός</b>, etc.) </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">I</span> intr., [[cry]], [[wail]], [[lament]], of any loud expression of pain or sorrow, κλαῖον δὲ λιγέως <span class="bibl">Od.10.201</span>; πρὸς οὐρανόν <span class="bibl">Il.8.364</span>; τῆς ἄρα κλαιούσης ὄπα σύνθετο <span class="bibl">Od.20.92</span>; for the dead, <span class="bibl">Il.19.297</span>, etc.; ἀμφὶ δὲ σὲ Τρῳαὶ καὶ Δαρδανίδες κλαύσονται <span class="bibl">18.340</span>; κλαίοντα καὶ ὀδυρόμενον <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>388b</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">διὰ τί οἱ κλαίοντες ὀξὺ φθέγγονται</b>; <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Pr.</span>900a20</span>; δάκρυσι κ. <span class="bibl">D.C. 59.27</span>; of infants, <span class="bibl">Sor.1.107</span>, al.; of [[crying]] for joy, <b class="b3">κλαῖον δὲ λιγέως, ἁδινώτερον ἤ τ' οἰωνοί κτλ</b>. <span class="bibl">Od.16.216</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Eust.1799.57</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> αὐτὸν κλαίοντα ἀφήσω <span class="bibl">1</span> shall send him home [[crying]], [[howling]], i.e. [[well beaten]], <span class="bibl">Il.2.263</span>: freq.in Att., <b class="b3">κλαύσεται</b> [[he shall howl]], i.e. [[he shall suffer for it]], <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">V.</span>1327</span> (lyr.), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Pl.</span>174</span>, al.; κλαύσομαι <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Nu.</span>58</span>; <b class="b3">κλαύσει μακρά</b> you shall [[howl]] loudly, i.e. suffer severely, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Pax</span>255</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">1277</span>; κλαύσῃ φιλῶν τὸν οἶνον <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Cyc.</span>554</span>; κλάοις ἄν, εἰ ψαύσειας <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Supp.</span>925</span>; <b class="b3">κλαίων</b> [[to your sorrow]] or [[loss]], [[at your peril]], <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>401</span>, <span class="bibl">1152</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ant.</span>754</span>; κλάων ἅψῃ τῶνδε <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Heracl.</span>270</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Hipp.</span>1086</span>; δεῦρ' ἔλθ' ἵνα κλάῃς <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Nu.</span> 58</span>; <b class="b3">κλάειν ἔγωγέ σε λέγω</b> (opp. <b class="b3">χαίρειν σοι λέγω</b>) <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Pl.</span>62</span>, cf. Hdt. <span class="bibl">4.127</span>; κλάειν εἴπωμεν <span class="bibl">Eup.363</span>; κλάειν κελεύων Λάμαχον <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ach.</span> 1131</span>; κλάειν σε μακρὰ κελεύσας <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Eq.</span>433</span>; <b class="b3">σέ δ' ἐᾶν κλάειν μακρὰ τὴν κεφαλήν</b> [[suffer]] terribly in the head, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Pl.</span>612</span> (anap.), cf.<span class="bibl"><span class="title">V.</span>584</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> trans., [[weep for]], [[lament]], κλαῖεν ἔπειτ' Ὀδυσῆα, φίλον πόσιν <span class="bibl">Od.1.363</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Il.20.210</span>; τι <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>890</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">El.</span>1117</span>; τὰ αὑτοῦ πάθη <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Alc.</span>33</span>:— Pass., to [[be mourned]] or [[lamented]], ἀνδρὸς εὖ κεκλαυμένου <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ch.</span>687</span>: impers., μάτην ἐμοὶ κεκλαύσεται <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Nu.</span>1436</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> [[cry for]], of infants, μάμμας καὶ τιτθάς <span class="bibl">Arr.<span class="title">Epict.</span>2.16.39</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">III</span> Med., [[bewail oneself]], [[weep aloud]], <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Th.</span>920</span> (lyr.): pf. part. Pass. <b class="b3">κεκλαυμένος</b> [[bathed in tears]], <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ch.</span>457</span> (lyr.), <span class="bibl">731</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>1490</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> trans., [[bewail to oneself]], πάθη… πόλλ' ἔγωγ' ἐκλαυσάμην <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Tr.</span>153</span>; κλαιόμενα τάδε βρέφη σφαγάς <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>1096</span> (lyr.).</span>

|etymtx=Grammatical information: v.<br />Meaning: [[lament]], [[bewail]], [[weep over]].<br />Other forms: Att. also <b class="b3">κλάω</b> (Schwyzer 266), aor. <b class="b3">κλαῦσαι</b> (Il.), pass. <b class="b3">κλαυ(σ)θῆναι</b> (Lyc., J.), fut. <b class="b3">κλαύσομαι</b> (Il.), <b class="b3">κλαύσω</b> (Theoc.), <b class="b3">κλα(ι)ήσω</b> (Att.; vgl. Chantraine BSL 28, 15), also <b class="b3">κλαυσούμεθα</b>? (Ar. Pax 1081; cf. Schwyzer 786), perf. <b class="b3">κέκλαυμαι</b> (A., S.), <b class="b3">-σμαι</b> (Lyl., Plu.), fut. <b class="b3">κεκλαύσομαι</b> (Ar.),<br />Compounds: rarely with prefix like <b class="b3">μετα-</b>, <b class="b3">συν-</b>,<br />Derivatives: 1. <b class="b3">κλαυθμός</b> [[weeping]] (Il.) with several derivv.: <b class="b3">κλαυθμώδης</b> [[suffocated from weeping]] (Hp.), <b class="b3">κλαυθμηρός</b> [[weeping]] (sch.), <b class="b3">κλαυθμών</b> [[place for weeping]] (LXX); <b class="b3">κλαυθμυρίζομαι</b>, <b class="b3">-ίζω</b> [[moan]] (Hp., [Pl.] Ax.), expressive cross of <b class="b3">κλαυθμός</b> and <b class="b3">μύρομαι</b> with ending after the verbs in <b class="b3">-ίζομαι</b> (cf. Schwyzer 644), with <b class="b3">κλαυθμυρισμός</b> (Is., Plu.). - 2. <b class="b3">κλαύματα</b> pl. [[moaning]], [[lamenting]] (Att.), <b class="b3">κλαύσματα</b> (Porph.). - 3. <b class="b3">κλαυμοναί</b> pl. <b class="b2">id.</b> (Pl. Lg. 792a; after Stob. <b class="b3">κλαυθμοναί</b> [s. on 1.]; cf. <b class="b3">πημοναί</b>). - 4. <b class="b3">κλαῦσις</b> [[weeping]] (hell.) with <b class="b3">κλαυσιάω</b> [[long to weep]] (Ar. Pl. 1099), <b class="b3">κλαυσί-γελως</b> m. [[with weeping combined laughing]] (X.) - 5. <b class="b3">κλαυστήρ</b> [[cryer]] (Man.) and <b class="b3">κλαυστικός</b> (Apoll. Lex.); <b class="b3">κλαυ(σ)τός</b> (A., S.). - Quite uncertain is the present <b class="b3">κλαύθονται</b> (PTeb. 3, 7; Epigramm; poetical momentary formation?, cf. Schwyzer 703).<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European]X [probably] [599]. PGX [probably a word of Pre-Greek origin] <b class="b2">*klau-</b> [[weep]]<br />Etymology: From <b class="b3">κλαύ-σομαι</b>, <b class="b3">κλαυ-θμός</b> a. o. we see a present <b class="b3">*κλάϜ-ι̯ω</b>. - A connection gives only Alb. [[klanj]], [[kanj]] [[weep]] from <b class="b2">*klau-n-i̯ō</b> with combination of nasal- and yot-suffix (Brugmann Grundr.2 2 : 3, 382); cf. Mann Lang. 26, 381. If IE from *kleh2u-? But there is no further connection with any IRE language, so Pre-Greek?