κοῦφος: Difference between revisions

|Definition=η, ον, <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> [[light]], [[nimble]], Hom. only in neut. pl. as Adv., <b class="b3">κοῦφα ποσὶ προβιβάς</b> stepping [[lightly]] on, <span class="bibl">Il.13.158</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Sc.</span>323</span>; κοῦφα βιβῶν <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>14.16</span>; κ. ποσὶν ἄγ' ἐς κύκλον <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Th.</span>954</span> (lyr.); also κούφοις ποσί <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>13.114</span>; κουφοτάταις πτερύγων ἀκμαῖς <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ra.</span>1353</span>; πήδημα κ. ἐκ νεὼς ἀφήλατο <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pers.</span>305</span>; κ. ἐξᾶραι πόδα <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>224</span>; κ. ἅλμα <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">El.</span>439</span> (lyr.); κ. αἴρειν βῆμα <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Tr.</span>343</span>; οὐ τοῖς κούφοις ὁ δρόμος <span class="bibl">LXX <span class="title">Ec.</span>9.11</span>: metaph., <b class="b3">κουφότεραι… ἀπειράτων φρένες</b> [[too buoyant]], <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span> 8.61</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> metaph., [[easy]], [[light]], <b class="b3">τελεῖν… κούφαν κτίσιν</b> to make achievement [[easy]], ib.<span class="bibl">13.83</span>; κ. εἰ δοίης τέλος <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Th.</span>260</span>; <b class="b3">κ. νύξ</b> an [[easier]] night, of a sick person, <span class="bibl">Jul.<span class="title">Mis.</span>342a</span> (Comp.); περίπατος <span class="bibl">Sor.1.46</span>; τὸ ὅσιον ἅπαν κ. ἔργον <span class="title">OGI</span>383.120 (Nemrud Dagh, i B. C.); of government, [[light]], <b class="b3">κουφοτέραν βασιλείαν</b> [[less oppressive]], <span class="bibl">Isoc.9.51</span>; ἡ εὔκλεια κουφοτέρα φέρειν <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>8.2.22</span>; of an antagonist, [[easy-going]], κουφότατος ἦν κρατήσας <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ages.</span>11.12</span>; δεσπότην ἀπράγμονα καὶ κ. ἐξαπατᾷ θεράπων <span class="bibl">Men.<span class="title">Per.Fr.</span>1</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> [[unsubstantial]], [[airy]], [[vain]], τὸ νέον… κούφας ἀφροσύνας φέρον <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>1230</span> (lyr.); οὐδὲν ἄλλο πλὴν… κούφην σκιάν <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Aj.</span> 126</span>; ἐλπίδος τι εἶχον κούφης <span class="bibl">Th.2.51</span>; κ. καὶ πτηνοὶ λόγοι <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>717c</span>; <b class="b3">κ. πρᾶγμα</b> [[a trifle]], ib.<span class="bibl">935a</span>; <b class="b3">κ. γράμματα</b> a [[small]] letter, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">IT</span>594</span>; of persons, = [[κουφόνους]], <span class="bibl">Hdn.5.7.1</span>; <b class="b3">τὸ κοῦφον τοῦ νοῦ</b> [[levity]], <span class="bibl">Paus.5.21.14</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Hdn.7.8.6</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">4</span> [[light]] in point of weight, opp. <b class="b3">βαρύς</b>, <span class="bibl">Pl. <span class="title">Phlb.</span>14d</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">R.</span>438c</span> (Comp.), etc.; <b class="b3">κούφα σοι χθὼν ἐπάνωθε πέσοι</b> may earth lie [[lightly]] on thee, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Alc.</span>462</span> (lyr.), cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Hel.</span>853</span>; κούφη σοι κόνις ἥδε πέλοι <span class="title">IG</span>14.1942.4; <b class="b3">κούφη σεῖο γαῖ' ὀστέα κεύθοι</b> ib.329 (Himera); <b class="b3">κ. πνεύματα</b> [[light]] airs, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>558</span>; ὀστᾶ τε καὶ κ. κόνις <span class="bibl">Men.538.3</span>; τὸ κουφότατον… τῶν κακῶν… πενία <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Kith.Fr.</span>2</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">b</span> Medic. in various uses, <b class="b3">σικύαι κοῦφαι</b> [[dry]] cuppings, Philum. ap. <span class="bibl">Orib.45.29.17</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Sor.2.11</span>, etc.; also <b class="b3">κούφου μένοντος τοῦ ἰοῦ</b> [[on the surface]], <span class="bibl">Philum.<span class="title">Ven.</span>7.3</span>; <b class="b3">μὴν κ</b>. the eighth month of pregnancy, <span class="bibl">Sor.1.56</span>; of food, [[easy to]] [[digest]], [[light]], <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">EN</span>1141b18</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">c</span> of troops, [[light-armed]], οἱ κ. τῶν στρατιωτῶν <span class="title">Hell.Oxy.</span>6.4; ὡπλισμένοι κουφοτέροις ὅπλοις <span class="bibl">X. <span class="title">Mem.</span>3.5.27</span>; κούφη στρατιά <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Fab.</span>11</span>; τὰ κ. τῆς δυνάμεως <span class="bibl">Plb.10.25.2</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">d</span> of ships, [[lightly-laden]], <span class="bibl">Th.6.37</span>, <span class="bibl">8.27</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">5</span> [[light]], [[slight]], ἁμαρτήματα <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>863c</span>; <b class="b3">κουφότερα γυμνάσια</b>, opp. <b class="b3">ἀναγκαῖα</b>, <span class="bibl">Arist. <span class="title">Pol.</span>1338b40</span>; <b class="b3">κ. ἐργασίαι</b> ib.<span class="bibl">1321a25</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">6</span> [[empty]], κεράμια <span class="title">Gp.</span>7.24.2, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PLond.</span>5.1656.6</span> (iv A. D.), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PFlor.</span>314.8</span>(v. A. D.): hence as Subst., <b class="b3">κοῦφον</b> (sc. <b class="b3">κεράμιον</b>), τό, [[jar]], in pl., <span class="bibl"><span class="title">POxy.</span>1631.16</span> (iii A. D.), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PFay.</span> 133.6</span> (iv A. D.), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PStrassb.</span>1.10</span> (vi A. D.). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">7</span> Act., [[relieving]], [[assisting]], χερὶ κούφᾳ <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>9.11</span>: prob. to be taken in this sense in <span class="bibl">Theoc. 11.3</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> Adv. -φως [[lightly]], [[nimbly]], κ. ὀροῦσαι <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Eu.</span>112</span>; <b class="b3">κ. ἐσκευασμένοι</b>, of soldiers, <span class="bibl">Th.4.33</span>; ὡπλισμένοι <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>3.5.26</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">κ. ἔχειν</b> to be [[relieved]], <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Pr.</span>873a16</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> metaph., [[lightly]], [[with light heart]], κουφότερον μετεφώνεε <span class="bibl">Od.8.201</span>; κ. νοῆσαι <span class="bibl">Sapph.<span class="title">Supp.</span> 5.14</span>; <b class="b3">κ. φέρειν</b>, opp. <b class="b3">δεινῶς φ</b>., <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Med.</span>449</span>, <span class="bibl">1018</span>; ὡς κουφότατα φέρειν <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.35</span>; <b class="b3">διάγουσα κούφως</b> doing [[well]], of a patient, <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Epid.</span>1.26</span>.<b class="b3">δ</b>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> [[lightly]], [[with ease]], <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>701</span>.</span>

|etymtx=Grammatical information: adj.<br />Meaning: <b class="b2">light, not heavy, easily movable, nimbly, vain, empty</b> (Ν 158 and θ 201: <b class="b3">κοῦφα</b> resp. <b class="b3">κουφότερον</b> as adv.); on the meaning Treu Von Homer zur Lyrik 76 etc. (s. index).<br />Compounds: Few compp., e. g. <b class="b3">κουφό-νοος</b> `[[with a nimble mind]] (trag.), <b class="b3">ὑπό-κουφος</b> [[rather light]] (Dsc., Plu.).<br />Derivatives: <b class="b3">κουφοτής</b> f. `[[lightness]] (Hp., Pl.; accent after <b class="b3">βαρυτής</b>, Wackernagel Gött. Nachr. 1909, 59 = Kl. Schr. 2, 1117, Schwyzer 382); <b class="b3">κουφεῖαι</b> pl. prob. `[[vase-sherds]], [[debris]]? (PTeb. 5, 199; IIa; <b class="b3">κοῦφον</b> [<b class="b3">κεράμιον</b>] also <b class="b2">[empty] vessel')</b>; NGr. (<b class="b3">ἀγριο-)κουφίτης</b> m. plant-name, `[[Erdrauch]], [[Fumaria]] (Redard Les noms grecs en <b class="b3">-της</b> 68 u. 73). Denomin. <b class="b3">κουφίζω</b> `[[lighten]], [[raise]], [[cancel]] (Hp., Att.), rarely intr. `[[be light]] (Hes. Op. 463, Hp., trag.), with <b class="b3">κούφισις</b> (Th.), <b class="b3">-ισμα</b> (E.), <b class="b3">-ισμός</b> (hell.) [[lightening]]; <b class="b3">κουφιστήρ</b> `[[ring-pad]] (to lighten the pressure; medic.); <b class="b3">κουφιστικός</b> `[[lightening]]' (Arist.).<br />Origin: XX [etym. unknown]<br />Etymology: Isolated, but still prob. inherited(?). Worthless speculations in Osthoff MU 6, 17f. and those noted in Bq. The full grade of the stem and the barytonesis are remarkable in the case of an adj. (Schwyzer 459); prop. adjectiv. subst.? - Through <b class="b3">κοῦφος</b> the old forms <b class="b3">ἐλαχύς</b>, <b class="b3">ἐλαφρός</b> were partly replaced resp. pushed back, which was not unimportant for these words.