κόσμος: Difference between revisions

|Definition=ὁ, <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> [[order]], <b class="b3">κατὰ κόσμον</b> in [[order]], [[duly]], εὖ κατὰ κ. <span class="bibl">Il.10.472</span>, al.; <b class="b3">οὐ κατὰ κ</b>. [[shamefully]], <span class="bibl">Od.8.179</span>; μὰψ ἀτὰρ οὐ κατὰ κ. <span class="bibl">Il. 2.214</span>: freq. in dat., <b class="b3">κόσμῳ καθίζειν</b> to sit [[in order]], <span class="bibl">Od.13.77</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Hdt.8.67</span>; οὐ κ.… ἐλευσόμεθα <span class="bibl">Il.12.225</span>; κ. θεῖναι τὰ πάντα <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.52</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">7.36</span>, etc.; διάθες τάδε κ. <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Av.</span>1331</span>; <b class="b3">κ. φέρειν</b> bear [[becomingly]], <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>3.82</span>; δέξασθαί τινα κ. <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>521</span>; σὺν κόσμῳ <span class="bibl">Hdt.8.86</span>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Mu.</span> 398b23</span>; ἐν κόσμῳ <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Mul.</span>1.3</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Smp.</span>223b</span>; <b class="b3">κόσμῳ οὐδενὶ κοσμηθέντες</b> [[in]] no sort of [[order]], <span class="bibl">Hdt.9.59</span>; <b class="b3">φεύγειν, ἀπιέναι οὐδενὶ κ</b>., <span class="bibl">Id.3.13</span>, <span class="bibl">8.60</span>.<b class="b3">γ</b>, etc.; ἀτάκτως καὶ οὐδενὶ κ. <span class="bibl">Th.3.108</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pers.</span>400</span>; <b class="b3">οὐκέτι τὸν αὐτὸν κ</b>. no longer [[in]] the same [[order]], <span class="bibl">Hdt.9.66</span>; <b class="b3">οὐδένα κ</b>. ib.<span class="bibl">65</span>, <span class="bibl">69</span>; ἦν δ' οὐδεὶς κ. τῶν ποιουμένων <span class="bibl">Th.3.77</span>: generally, of things, [[natural order]], γίνεται τῶν τεταρταίων ἡ κατάστασις ἐκ τούτου τοῦ κ. <span class="bibl">Hp. <span class="title">Prog.</span>20</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> [[good order]], [[good behaviour]], = [[κοσμιότης]] Phld.<span class="title">Mus.</span> p.43 K.; [[discipline]], <span class="bibl">D.18.216</span>; οὐ κ., ἀλλ' ἀκοσμία <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Fr.</span>846</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> [[form]], [[fashion]], ιππου κόσμον ἄεισον δουρατέου <span class="bibl">Od.8.492</span>; κ. ἐπέων ἀπατηλός <span class="bibl">Parm.8.52</span>; <b class="b3">ἐξηγεομένων… τὸν κ. αὐτοῦ</b> the [[fashion]] of it, <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.22</span>; <b class="b3">κ. τόνδε… ὁ καταστησάμενος</b> who established this [[order]] or [[from]], <span class="bibl">Id.1.99</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">4</span> of states, [[order]], [[government]], μεταστῆσαι τὸν κ. <span class="bibl">Th. 4.76</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">8.48</span>, <span class="bibl">67</span>; μένειν ἐν τῷ ὀλιγαρχικῷ κ. <span class="bibl">8.72</span>, etc.; esp. of the Spartan [[constitution]], <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.65</span>, <span class="bibl">Clearch.3</span>: pl., πόλεων κόσμοι <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Prt.</span> 322c</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> [[ornament]], [[decoration]], esp. of women, <span class="bibl">Il.14.187</span>, <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Op.</span> 76</span>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.5.92</span>.ή; γυναικεῖος κ. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>373c</span>, etc.; of a horse, <span class="bibl">Il.4.145</span>; of men, <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.123</span>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Th.</span>397</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">γλαυκόχροα κόσμον ἐλαίας</b>, of an olive-wreath, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>3.13</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">8.83</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">P.</span>2.10</span>, etc.; κ. κυνῶν <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyn.</span>6.1</span>; κ. καὶ ἔπιπλα <span class="bibl">Lys.12.19</span>; <b class="b3">κ. ἀργυροῦς</b> a [[service]] of plate, <span class="bibl">Ath.6.231b</span>; ἱερὸς κ. <span class="title">OGI</span>90.40 (Rosetta, ii B. C.): pl., [[ornaments]], <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>1271</span>; οἱ περὶ τὸ σῶμα κ. <span class="bibl">Isoc.2.32</span>: metaph., of ornaments of speech, such as [[epithets]], <span class="bibl">Id.9.9</span> (pl.), <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Rh.</span>1408a14</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Po.</span>1457b2</span>, <span class="bibl">1458a33</span>; <b class="b3">ἁδυμελῆ κ. κελαδεῖν</b> to sing sweet songs of [[praise]], <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>11</span> (<span class="bibl">10</span>).<span class="bibl">13</span> (s.v.l.). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> metaph., [[honour]], [[credit]], <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">N.</span>2.8</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">I.</span>6(5).69</span>; <b class="b3">κόσμον φέρει τινί</b> it does one [[credit]], <span class="bibl">Hdt.8.60</span>, <span class="bibl">142</span>; γύναι, γυναιξὶ κόσμον ἡ σιγὴ φέρει <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>293</span>; κ. τοῦτ' ἐστὶν ἐμοί <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Nu.</span>914</span>; οἷς κόσμος [ἐστὶ] καλῶς τοῦτο δρᾶν <span class="bibl">Th.1.5</span>; ἐν κόσμῳ καὶ τιμῇ εἶναί τινι <span class="bibl">D.60.36</span>; of persons, σὺ ἔμοιγε μέγιστος κ. ἔσει <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>6.4.3</span>; ἡ μεγαλοψυχία οἷον κ. τις τῶν ἀρετῶν <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">EN</span> 1124a1</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">III</span> [[ruler]], [[regulator]], title of chief magistrate in Crete, <span class="title">SIG</span>712.57, etc.; collectively, [[body of]] <b class="b3">κόσμοι</b>, ib.524.1; <b class="b3">τοῦ κ. τοῖς πλίασι</b> ib.527.74: also freq. in pl., ib.528.1, al., <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Pol.</span>1272a6</span>, <span class="bibl">Str.10.4.18</span>, <span class="bibl">22</span>; cf. [[κόρμος]]. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">IV</span> Philos., [[world-order]], [[universe]], first in Pythag., acc.to <span class="title">Placit.</span>2.1.1, <span class="bibl">D.L.8.48</span> (cf. [Philol.]<span class="bibl">21</span>), or Parm., acc. to Thphr. ap. D.L.l.c.; κόσμον τόνδε οὔτε τις θεῶν οὔτε ἀνθρώπων ἐποίησεν, ἀλλ' ἦν ἀεὶ καὶ ἔστιν καὶ ἔσται πῦρ <span class="bibl">Heraclit.30</span>; ὁ καλούμενος ὑπὸ τῶν σοφιστῶν κ. <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>1.1.11</span>: freq. in <span class="bibl">Pl., <span class="title">Grg.</span>508a</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ti.</span>27a</span>, al.; ἡ τοῦ ὅλου σύστασίς ἐστι κ. καὶ οὐρανός <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Cael.</span>280a21</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Epicur.<span class="title">Ep.</span> 2p.37U.</span>, <span class="bibl">Chrysipp.Stoic.2.168</span>, etc.; ὁ κ. ζῷον ἔμψυχον καὶ λογικόν Posidon. ap. <span class="bibl">D.L.7.139</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ti.</span>30b</span>: sts. of the [[firmament]], γῆς ἁπάσης τῆς ὑπὸ τῷ κόσμῳ κειμένης <span class="bibl">Isoc.4.179</span>; ὁ περὶ τὴν γῆν ὅλος κ. <span class="bibl">Arist. <span class="title">Mete.</span>339a20</span>; <b class="b3">μετελθεῖν εἰς τὸν ἀέναον κ</b>., of death, <span class="title">OGI</span>56.48 (Canopus, iii B. C.); but also, of [[earth]], as opp. heaven, ὁ ἐπιχθόνιος κ. Herm. ap. Stob.1.49.44; or as opp. the underworld, ὁ ἄνω κ. <span class="bibl">Iamb.<span class="title">VP</span>27.123</span>; of any [[region]] of the universe, ὁ μετάρσιος κ. Herm. ap. Stob.1.49.44; of the sphere whose centre is the earth's centre and radius the straight line joining earth and sun, <span class="bibl">Archim.<span class="title">Aren.</span>4</span>; of the sphere containing the fixed stars, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Epin.</span>987b</span>: in pl., [[worlds]], coexistent or successive, Anaximand. et alii ap.<span class="title">Placit.</span>2.1.3, cf. Epicur.l.c.; also, of stars, Νὺξ μεγάλων κ. κτεάτειρα <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>356</span> (anap.), cf. Heraclid.et Pythagorei ap.<span class="title">Placit.</span>2.13.15 (= <span class="bibl">Orph.<span class="title">Fr.</span>22</span>); <b class="b3">οἱ ἑπτὰ κ</b>. the Seven [[planets]], <span class="bibl">Corp.Herm.11.7</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> metaph., [[microcosm]], ἄνθρωπος μικρὸς κ. <span class="bibl">Democr. 34</span>; ἄνθρωπος βραχὺς κ. <span class="bibl">Ph.2.155</span>; of living beings in general, τὸ ζῷον οἷον μικρόν τινα κ. εἶναί φασιν ἄνδρες παλαιοί <span class="bibl">Gal.<span class="title">UP</span>3.10</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> in later Gr., = [[οἰκουμένη]], [[the known]] or [[inhabited world]], <span class="title">OGI</span>458.40 (9 B.C.), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ep.Rom.</span>1.8</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">ὁ τοῦ παντὸς κ. κύριος</b>, of Nero, <span class="title">SIG</span>814.31, cf. <span class="title">IGRom.</span>4.982 (Samos); ἐὰν τὸν κ. ὅλον κερδήσῃ <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Matt.</span>16.26</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">4</span> [[men in general]], φανέρωσον σεαυτὸν τῷ κ. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Jo.</span>7.4</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">12.19</span>; esp. of the [[world]] as estranged from God by sin, ib.<span class="bibl">16.20</span>, <span class="bibl">17.9</span>, al., <span class="bibl"><span class="title">1 Ep.Cor.</span> 1.21</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">5</span> <b class="b3">οὗτος ὁ κ</b>. this present [[world]], i.e. [[earth]], opp. heaven, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Jo.</span>13.1</span>; regarded as the kingdom of evil, <b class="b3">ὁ ἄρχων τοῦ κ. τούτου</b> ib.<span class="bibl">12.31</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">V</span> Pythag.name for [[six]], Theol.Ar.37; for [[ten]], ib.59.</span>

|etymtx=Grammatical information: m.<br />Meaning: [[order]], [[good behaviour]], [[ornament]] (Il.), [[world-ordening]], [[world]] (Pythag. or Parm.; Kranz Phil. 93, 430ff.), [[order of the state]], [[government]] (IA.); name of the highest officials in Crete (backformation from <b class="b3">κοσμέω</b>?, Leumann Hom. Wörter 285f.; against this Ruijgh L'élément achéen 109).<br />Compounds: Several compp., e. g. <b class="b3">κοσμο-ποιία</b> [[creation of the world]] (Arist.), <b class="b3">κοσμό-πολις</b> m. name of an official of the town (hell.), prop. governing comp. = <b class="b3">ὁ κοσμῶν πόλιν</b>; independent is <b class="b3">κοσμο-πολίτης</b> [[citizen of the world]] (hell.; formed by the Cynics?, v. Wilamowitz Glaube 2, 275); <b class="b3">εὔ-κοσμος</b> [[in good order]] (Sol.).<br />Derivatives: 1. Diminut. <b class="b3">κοσμ-άριον</b>, <b class="b3">-ίδιον</b>, <b class="b3">-αρίδιον</b> [[small ornament]] (late); 2. <b class="b3">κόσμιος</b> <b class="b2">well-ordered, behaving well, moral, quiet</b> (IA.), [[regarding the world]] (Plu., Arr.) with <b class="b3">κοσμιότης</b> [[civilization]] (Att.); 3. <b class="b3">κοσμικός</b> <b class="b2">worldly, earthly, of the world</b> (hell.); 4. <b class="b3">κοσμωτός</b> [[changed in a world]] (hell.); 5. <b class="b3">Κοσμώ</b> f. name of a priestess (Lycurg.); <b class="b3">Κοσμίας</b>, <b class="b3">Κοσμᾶς</b> a. o. PN. - 6. Denomin. verb <b class="b3">κοσμέω</b> [[order]], [[govern]], [[adorn]] (Il.); with several derivv: <b class="b3">κοσμητός</b> [[well ordered]] (η 127; Ammann <b class="b3">Μνήμης χάριν</b> 1, 17); <b class="b3">κόσμησις</b> [[order]], [[ornamentation]] and <b class="b3">κόσμημα</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> (Att.); <b class="b3">κοσμήτωρ</b> [[who orders]], [[commander]] (Il.) and <b class="b3">κοσμητήρ</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> Epigr. ap. Aeschin. 3, 185; s. Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 120f.), f. <b class="b3">κοσμήτειρα</b> (Ephesos, Orph.; <b class="b3">-ήτρια</b> H.); <b class="b3">κοσμητής</b> <b class="b2">orderer, commander, who orders, adorns</b>, also name of an official (Att.) with <b class="b3">κοσμητεύω</b> (<b class="b3">-τέω</b>) [[be κοσμητής]] (inscr., pap.), <b class="b3">-τεία</b> (pap.); <b class="b3">κοσμητήριον</b> [[place with toilets]] (Paus.), <b class="b3">κόσμητρον</b> [[broom]] (sch. ); <b class="b3">κοσμητικός</b> [[belonging to adorning]] (Pl., Arist.; Chantraine Ét. sur le vocab. grec 135).<br />Origin: XX [etym. unknown]<br />Etymology: Formation in <b class="b3">-μος</b> (Schwyzer 492, Chantraine Formation 132); in spite of several attempts not convincingly explained. Many hypotheses of diff. value: to <b class="b3">κεδνός</b>, <b class="b3">Κόδρος</b> (Schulze GGA 1896, 235 = Kl. Schr. 698, Pisani AnFilCl 5, 93f., Kranz Phil. 93, 430ff.); to Lat. [[censeō]] etc. (Froehde KZ 23, 311, Zupitza Die germ. Gutt. 109, Brugmann Distr. 19, Dumézil BSL 42 p. XVI); to Lat. [[corpus]], Slt. <b class="b2">kálpate</b> [[be in order]] (Brugmann IF 28, 358ff.); to Lat. [[cinnus]] [[mixed drink]] (Walde LEW1 s. v.); to <b class="b3">κομψός</b> (WP. 1, 403); from <b class="b3">*χόθμος</b> to IE. <b class="b2">*ghodh-</b> [[unite]], [[be strongly connected]] (Carnoy REGr. 69, 279f.).