κρανίον: Difference between revisions

|etymtx=Grammatical information: n.<br />Meaning: [[skull]], [[brain-pan]], also of the head in gen. (Θ 84 [Atticism?, Wackernagel Unt. 225, Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 18, Shipp Studies 21], Pi. I. 4, 54, Att.).<br />Compounds: As 1. member in <b class="b3">κρανιό-λειος</b> [[bald-headed]] (Com. Adesp. 1050); not seldom as 2. member, esp. in medic. expressions, e.g. <b class="b3">ὀπισθο-κράνιον</b> [[occiput]], <b class="b3">ἐγ-κράνιον</b> [[cerebellum]] (after <b class="b3">ἐγ-κέφαλος</b>), but also otherwise, e.g. <b class="b3">βου-κράνιον</b> [[oxhead]] (EM), also as plant-name (Ps.-Dsc., Gal., Strömberg Pflanzennamen 47). Adjectival hypostasis <b class="b3">περι-κράνιος</b> [[running around the skull]] (Plu., medic.).<br />Derivatives: Beside it, older and more usual, <b class="b3">-κρανον</b>, e.g <b class="b3">ἐπί-κρανον</b> [[capital]], [[head-band]] (Pi., E., inscr.), <b class="b3">ποτί-κρανον</b> [[cushion]] (Sophr., Theoc.), <b class="b3">ὀλέ-κρανον</b> [[head of the elbow]] (Hp., Ar., Arist.), <b class="b3">κιο(νό)-κρανον</b> (s. <b class="b3">κίων</b>). Adj., e. g. <b class="b3">βού-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐλαφό-</b>, <b class="b3">δί-</b>, <b class="b3">τρί-</b>, <b class="b3">χαλκεό-</b>, <b class="b3">ὀρθό-κρανος</b>. Rarely as 1. member: <b class="b3">κρανο-κοπέω</b> [[cut off the head]] (pap.); on <b class="b3">κρανο-κολάπτης</b> s. <b class="b3">κράνον</b>. -- Denomin. verbs: <b class="b3">κρανίξαι ἐπὶ κεφαλην ἀπορρῖψαι</b>, <b class="b3">κρηνιῶν καρηβαρῶν</b> H.; hypostasis <b class="b3">ἀποκρανίξαι</b> [[tear from the head]] (AP), [[cut off the head]] (Eust.). The secondary formation <b class="b3">κρανίον</b> goes back on a nominal basis. We can better start directly from the oblique stem <b class="b3">κραν-</b>.<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [574] <b class="b2">*ḱerh₂-</b> [[head]], [[horn]]<br />Etymology: Further see on [[κάρα]] and [[κέρας]].