κύριος: Difference between revisions

|Definition=[ῡ], α, ον, also ος, ον <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Supp.</span>732</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Heracl.</span>143</span>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Pol.</span> 1306b20</span>:—Thess. κῦρρος <span class="title">IG</span>9(2).517.20 (Larissa, iii B.C.): (κῦρος) (not in Hom.): <span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">I</span> of persons, [[having power]] or [[authority over]], c. gen., Ζεὺς ὁ πάντων κ. <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">I.</span>5(4).53</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">P.</span>2.58</span>; ἐμῶν τε καὶ σῶν κ. πιστωμάτων <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>878</span>; <b class="b3">πρὶν ἄν σε κ. στήσω τέκνων</b> put thee [[in possession of]]... <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>1041</span>; κύριοι πολιτείας <span class="bibl">Antipho 3.1.1</span>; κ. καταλύσεως <span class="bibl">Th.4.20</span>; εἰρήνης καὶ πολέμου <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span>2.2.18</span>; -ώτατοι τοῦ ἱεροῦ <span class="bibl">Th.5.53</span> (but <b class="b3">ὁ -ώτατος θεὸς τοῦ ἱεροῦ</b>, of the god to whom a temple is dedicated, <span class="title">OGI</span>90.39 (Rosetta, ii B.C.)); τῶν αὑτοὺ κ. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>929d</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Isoc. 19.34</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">θανάτου κ. τινός</b> [[with power of]] life and death over, <span class="bibl">Pl. <span class="title">Criti.</span>120d</span>; κ. περί τινος <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Pol.</span>1286a24</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b3">κύριός εἰμι</b> c. inf., I [[have authority]] to do, [[am entitled]] to do, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>104</span> (lyr.); <b class="b3">οὗτος κ. ὁρκωμοτεῖν</b> (prob. for -ῶν) <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Supp.</span>1189</span>; κ. ἀπολέσαι, σῶσαι δ' ἄκυροι <span class="bibl">And.4.9</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Th.5.63</span>, <span class="bibl">8.5</span>; -<b class="b3">ώτεροι δοῦναι</b> [[better able]] to give, <span class="bibl">Id.4.18</span>; οὐ… κ. οὔτε ἀνελέσθαι πόλεμον οὔτε καταλῦσαι <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>5.7.27</span>; δοῦλοι κ. μαστιγοῦν τοὺς ἐλευθέρους <span class="bibl">Ephor.29</span> J.; αἱ ἀρχαὶ κ. κρίνειν <span class="bibl">Arist. <span class="title">Pol.</span>1287b16</span>; also <b class="b3">κ. τοῦ μὴ μεθυσθῆναι</b> [[having power]] not to... <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">EN</span>1113b32</span>: c. acc. et inf., κ. εἶναι ἢ τοίαν εἶναι [πόλιν] ἢ τοίαν <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span> 429b</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> folld. by a dependent clause, κ. γενέσθαι, ὅντινα δεῖ καταστήσασθαι <span class="bibl">Is.6.4</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">4</span> c. part., πριαμένους τι ἢ πωλοῦντας κυρίους εἶναι <span class="bibl">Th.5.34</span>; κ. ἦν πράσσων ταῦτα <span class="bibl">Id.8.51</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Plb.6.37.8</span>, <span class="bibl">18.37.10</span>; κύριοι ἐόντω συλέοντες <span class="title">Schwyzer</span> 337.13 (Delph.). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">5</span> abs., [[having authority]], [[supreme]], <b class="b3">τί τῶνδε κυριωτέρους μένεις</b>; <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Supp.</span>965</span>; -ώτερος σέθεν <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ba.</span>505</span>; <b class="b3">ὁ πατὴρ μέχρι τούτου κ. [ἐστι</b>] <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Rh.</span>1402a1</span>; <b class="b3">τὸ κ</b>. the [[sovereign power]] in a state, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Pol.</span>1281a11</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>565a</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">τὰ κ</b>. the [[supreme authorities]], <span class="bibl">D.19.259</span>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Rh.</span>1365b27</span>; τὰ τῆσδε τῆς γῆς κ. <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>915</span>; at Athens, <b class="b3">κ. ἐκκλησία</b> a [[sovereign]] or [[principal]] assembly, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ach.</span>19</span>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Ath.</span>43.4</span>, <span class="title">IG</span>12.42.22, al., 22.493.8, etc.; <b class="b3">ἀγορὰ κ</b>. ib.1298.7. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> of things, <b class="b3">ὁ τῆς ὥρας τῆς καταρχῆς κ. [ἀστήρ</b>] Serapio in <span class="title">Cat.Cod.Astr.</span>1.99: but usu. abs., [[authoritative]], [[decisive]], δίκαι E.<span class="title">Heracl.</span>l.c., <span class="bibl">And.1.88</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Cri.</span>50b</span>; <b class="b3">μῦθος -ώτερος</b> [[of more authority]], <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">IA</span>318</span> (troch.); -<b class="b3">ωτάτη τῶν ἐπιστημῶν [ἡ πολιτική</b>] <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Pol.</span>1282b15</span>; αἱ -ώτεραι ἀρχαί <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Cael.</span>285a26</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Metaph.</span>997a12</span>; [ἡ φρόνησις] τῆς σοφίας κυριωτέρα <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">EN</span>1143b34</span>; -<b class="b3">ωτέρα ἡ καθόλου [ἀπόδειξις</b>] <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">APo.</span>86a23</span>; τάραχος ὁ -ώτατος <span class="bibl">Epicur.<span class="title">Ep.</span>1p.30U.</span>; of [[sovereign]] remedies, -ωτάτη τῶν καθάρσεων <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Sph.</span>230d</span>; -ωτάτη κένωσις Gal.1.299; [[important]], [[principal]], <b class="b3">κ. δόξαι</b>, of certain doctrines of Epicurus, Phld.<span class="title">Ir.</span>p.86 W.; τὰ -ώτατα μέρη τῆς φύσεως <span class="bibl">Epicur.<span class="title">Sent.</span>9</span>; -ώτερα μέρη τοῦ σώματος <span class="bibl">Philostr.<span class="title">Gym.</span>50</span>; <b class="b3">τὰ -ώτατα</b> the [[principal]] organs, Gal.1.385 (but, the [[most important matters]], <span class="bibl">Epicur.<span class="title">Sent.</span>16</span>); τὸ -ώτατον τῆς Ἐφέσου <span class="bibl">Philostr.<span class="title">VS</span>1.22.4</span>: Gramm., <b class="b3">κ. τόνος</b> [[principal]] accent, D.T.<span class="title">Supp.</span> 674.32. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> opp. <b class="b3">ἄκυρος</b>, [[valid]], <b class="b3">νόμος, δόγματα</b>, <span class="bibl">D.24.1</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span> 926d</span>; <b class="b3">κ. ποιεῖν [τὴν γνῶσιν</b>], opp. <b class="b3">ἄκυρον π</b>., <span class="bibl">D.21.92</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">39.15</span>; τὰς συνθήκας κυρίας ποιεῖν <span class="bibl">Lys.18.15</span>; ἡ συγγραφὴ ἥδε κ. ἔστω <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PEleph.</span> 1.14</span> (iv B.C.); <b class="b3">ἔστω τὰ κριθέντα κ</b>. Lexap.<span class="bibl">D.21.94</span>; so τὰς τῶν ἄλλων δόξας κ. ποιεῖν <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Tht.</span>179b</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> of times, etc., [[ordained]], [[appointed]], ἡ κυρίη ἡμέρη <span class="bibl">Hdt.5.50</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">93</span> (pl.); ἡ κ. τῶν ἡμερέων <span class="bibl">Id.1.48</span>, <span class="bibl">6.129</span>; κ. ἐν ἡμέρᾳ <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Supp.</span>732</span>; τόδε κ. ἦμαρ <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Alc.</span>105</span> (lyr.), etc.; <b class="b3">κ. μήν</b>, of a woman with child, i.e. the ninth month, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>6.32</span>; <b class="b3">ὅταν τὸ κ. μόλῃ φάος</b> (prob.) the [[appointed]] time, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>766</span> (lyr.); κ. μένει τέλος <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Eu.</span>544</span> (lyr.); <b class="b3">ἡ κ. [ἡμέρα</b>] <span class="bibl">D.21.84</span>, cf. Test.ib.93; but <b class="b3">αἱ κ. [ἡμεραι]</b>, = [[κριτικαί]], <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Aff.</span>9</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">4</span> [[legitimate]], [[lawful]], ὕπνος πόνος τε, κ. ξυνωμόται <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Eu.</span>127</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">327</span>; <b class="b3">κύρι' ἔχοντες</b> having [[lawful power]], ib. <span class="bibl">960</span> (lyr.). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">5</span> <b class="b3">ἡ κ. ἀρετή</b> goodness [[proper]], [[real]] goodness, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">EN</span> 1144b4</span>; [φλοιὸς] ὁ κ. <span class="bibl">Thphr.<span class="title">HP</span>4.15.1</span>; Rhet. and Gramm., <b class="b3">κ. ὄνομα</b> the [[real]] or [[actual]], hence [[current]], [[ordinary]], name of a thing, opp. <b class="b3">μεταφορά, γλῶττα</b>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Rh.</span>1404b6</span>, <span class="bibl">1410b12</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Po.</span>1457b3</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">D.H. <span class="title">Comp.</span>21</span>, <span class="bibl">D.L.10.13</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">σπάνει κυρίου ὀνόματος</b> for lack of a [[current]] term, <span class="bibl">D.H.<span class="title">Comp.</span>24</span>; -<b class="b3">ώτατα ὀνόματα</b> [[most ordinary]] terms, ib.<span class="bibl">3</span> (hence also <b class="b3">κ. ὄνομα</b> [[proper]], [[personal]] name, <span class="bibl">Plb.6.46.10</span>, <span class="bibl">A.D.<span class="title">Pron.</span> 10.11</span>, al., <span class="bibl">Hdn.7.5.8</span>; <b class="b3">ὄνομα</b> alone in this sense, <span class="bibl">Diog.Bab.Stoic.3.213</span>); <b class="b3">κ. [λέξεις</b>] Phld.<span class="title">Rh.</span>1.181 S.; <b class="b3">κατὰ τὸν κ. τρόπον</b>, opp. <b class="b3">καταχρωμένη</b>, ib.1.59 S. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">III</span> Adv. <b class="b3">κυρίως</b>, v. sub voc. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">B</span> Subst. κύριος, ὁ, [[lord]], [[master]], τοῖσι κ. δωμάτων <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ch.</span>658</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">689</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>734</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">ὁ κ</b>. alone, [[head]] of a family, [[master]] of a house (cf. Sch.<span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Eq.</span>965</span>), <span class="bibl">Antipho 2.4.7</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Pl.</span>6</span>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Pol.</span>1269b10</span>; τοὺς κ. τῶν οἰκιῶν <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PTeb.</span>5.147</span> (ii B.C.); also, [[guardian]] of a woman, <span class="bibl">Is.6.32</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PGrenf.</span>2.15</span><span class="bibl"> i 13</span> (ii B.C.), etc.: generally, [[guardian]], [[trustee]], <span class="bibl">Is. 2.10</span>, <span class="bibl">D.43.15</span>, <span class="bibl">46.19</span>, <span class="bibl">Men.<span class="title">Epit.</span>89</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">b</span> later <b class="b3">κύριε</b>, as a form of respectful address, [[sir]], Ev.Jo.12.21, 20.15, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Act.Ap.</span>16.30</span> (pl.), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PFay.</span> 106.15</span> (ii A.D.), etc. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> fem. <b class="b3">κυρία, ἡ</b>, [[mistress]], [[lady of the house]], <span class="bibl">Philem.223</span>, <span class="bibl">LXX<span class="title">Is.</span>24.2</span>, etc.; κ. τῆς οἰκίας <span class="bibl">Men.403</span>: in voc., [[madam]], <span class="bibl">D.C.48.44</span>; applied to women from fourteen years upwards, <span class="bibl">Epict. <span class="title">Ench.</span>40</span>. (In later Gr. freq. written κύρα, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PGrenf.</span>1.61.4</span> (vi A.D.), etc.) </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">b</span> epith. of <b class="b3">Ἶσις</b>, <span class="title">OGI</span>180 (Egypt, i B.C.), etc. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> of gods, esp. in the East, Σεκνεβτῦνις ὁ κ. θεός <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PTeb.</span>284.6</span> (i B.C.); Κρόνος κ. <span class="title">CIG</span>4521 (Abila, i A.D.); Ζεὺς κ. <span class="title">Supp.Epigr.</span>2.830 (Damascus, iii A.D.); κ. Σάραπις <span class="bibl"><span class="title">POxy.</span>110.2</span> (ii A.D); ἡ κ. Ἄρτεμις <span class="title">IG</span> 4.1124 (Tibur, ii A.D.); of deified rulers, τοῦ κ. βασιλέος θεοῦ <span class="title">OGI</span>86.8 (Egypt, i B.C.); <b class="b3">οἱ κ. θεοὶ μέγιστοι</b>, of Ptolemy XIV and Cleopatra, <span class="title">Berl.Sitzb.</span>1902.1096: hence, of rulers in general, βασιλεὺς Ἡρώδης κ. <span class="title">OGI</span>415 (Judaea, i B.C.); of Roman Emperors, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">BGU</span>1200.11</span> (Augustus), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">POxy.</span>37 i 6</span> (Claudius), etc. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">4</span> <b class="b3">ὁ Κύριος</b>, = Hebr. <span class="title">Yahweh</span>, <span class="bibl">LXX <span class="title">Ge.</span>11.5</span>, al.; of Christ, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">1 Ep.Cor.</span>12.3</span>, etc.</span>

|etymtx=Grammatical information: m.<br />Meaning: [[lord]], [[ruler]], [[possessor]], adj. (m. f. n.) <b class="b2">ruling, deciding, entitled to, decided</b> (posthom.), f. <b class="b3">κυρία</b> <b class="b2">(lady) who rules</b> (hell.).<br />Derivatives: <b class="b3">κυρία</b> (from <b class="b3">κυρι-ία</b>; cf. <b class="b3">κυρεία</b> from <b class="b3">κυριεύω</b> below) f. [[rule]], [[possession]] (Arist., hell.), <b class="b3">κυριότης</b> f. [[lordship]], [[rule]] (christ. lit.); <b class="b3">κυριακός</b> <b class="b2">belonging to the lord (= Christ), to the emperor</b> (Empire); <b class="b3">κυριεύω</b> <b class="b2">be, become lord, possess, get power</b> (X., Arist.) with <b class="b3">κυριεία</b>, <b class="b3">κυρεία</b> (Schwyzer 194) [[possession]], [[proprietary rights]] (hell.), <b class="b3">κυριευτικός</b>, Adv. <b class="b3">-κῶς</b> <b class="b2">regarding the prop. rights</b> (pap.). - <b class="b3">κυρωθῆναι</b>, act. <b class="b3">κυρῶσαι</b>, <b class="b3">κυρόω</b> [[become]], [[make rightful]] (IA.) with <b class="b3">κύρωσις</b> [[ratification]] (Th., Pl.), <b class="b3">κυρωτής</b> [[who ratifies]] (Att. inscr.); backformation <b class="b3">κῦρος</b> n. [[authority]], [[confirmation]] (IA.) - <b class="b3">ἄκυρος</b> [[without authority]], [[unvalid]] (Att.) with <b class="b3">ἀκυρόω</b> [[make unvalid]] (Din., hell.), from where <b class="b3">ἀκύρωσις</b>, <b class="b3">-ωτος</b> with <b class="b3">-ωσία</b> (late).<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [592] <b class="b2">*ḱeuh₂-</b> [[swell]], [[strong]]<br />Etymology: Like e.g. <b class="b3">ἄν-υδρ-ος</b> [[without water]] is based on <b class="b3">ὕδωρ</b>, <b class="b3">ἄ-κυρ-ος</b> [[without authority]] supposes an <b class="b2">r-</b>stem, which is also seen in <b class="b3">κύρ-ιος</b>. Beside <b class="b3">κύρ-ιος</b> there may have been an <b class="b3">ο-</b>deriv. <b class="b3">*κῦρ-ος</b>, which would agree with Skt. <b class="b2">śū́ra-</b>, Av. <b class="b2">sūra-</b> [[hero]]; cf. the Skt. words for [[sun]], <b class="b2">sū́r-ya-</b> and <b class="b2">sū́r-a-</b> from <b class="b2">súvar-</b> n. (old <b class="b2">l-</b>stem, s. on <b class="b3">ἥλιος</b>). Cf. Schwyzer 727 n. 2; slightly different Wackernagel Syntax 2, 61 n. 1. From <b class="b3">*κῦρος</b> m. perhaps also <b class="b3">κυρωθῆναι</b>, <b class="b3">κυρόω</b>; but <b class="b3">κυρ-ωθῆναι</b> can be derived directly from the <b class="b2">r-</b>stem (<b class="b3">ἀνδρ-ωθῆναι</b> : <b class="b3">ἀνήρ</b>). A trace of this <b class="b2">r-</b>stem shows <b class="b3">ἔγ-κυαρ</b> [[pregnant]] (Milet, VIa), from <b class="b3">*κύαρ</b> [[foetus]] (Kretschmer Glotta 8, 250). Other derivations: Skt. <b class="b2">śávīra-</b> [[strong]], [[powerful]] (<b class="b2">*ḱeuh₂-ro-</b>), Celt., e.g. Gaul. <b class="b3">Καυαρος</b>, Welsh [[cawr]] [[giant]]; (uncertain <b class="b3">Κυάρη ἡ Ἀθηνᾶ</b> H.) - Further s. on <b class="b3">κυέω</b>.