στέαρ: Difference between revisions

|Definition=τό, gen. <b class="b3">στέατος</b> [v. sub fin.]; contr. στῆρ, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PCair.Zen.</span>703.2</span>,<span class="bibl">6</span> (iii B.C.), Archig. ap. Gal.12.861, Thd.<span class="title">Bel.</span> 27, gen. <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> στῆτος <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PCair.Zen.</span>176.183</span> (iii B.C.); also στεῖαρ, gen. στείατος <span class="bibl">Choerob.<span class="title">in Theod.</span> 1.350</span> H.:—[[hard fat]], [[suet]], such as ruminating animals have, opp. <b class="b3">πιμελή</b> (soft fat), <b class="b3">ἐκ δὲ στέατος ἔνεικε μέγαν τροχόν</b> a large cake of [[suet]], <span class="bibl">Od.21.178</span>; οὔτε πιμελὴν οὔτε στέαρ <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">PA</span>651a26</span>; τὸ τῶν ἰχθύων σ. πιμελῶδες <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">HA</span>520a21</span>, al. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> any [[animal fat]], σ. τῆς ἄρκτου <span class="bibl">Thphr.<span class="title">Od.</span>63</span>; σ. δελφίνων <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>5.4.28</span>; freq. in LXX (<span class="bibl"><span class="title">Le.</span>3.15</span>,<span class="bibl">16</span>,<span class="bibl">17</span>, al.); also <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PRev.Laws</span> 50.14</span> (iii B.C.), <span class="title">PCair.Zen.</span> Il.cc.; so <b class="b3">σ. χήνειον, ὀρνίθειον</b>, etc., Dsc.2.76. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> = [[σταῖς]] (q.v.), [[dough made from flour of spelt]], <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Nat.Mul.</span>27</span> (but <b class="b3">σταῖς</b> is prob. l.), <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Pr.</span>879a10</span>, <span class="bibl">Thphr.<span class="title">HP</span>9.20.2</span>, <span class="bibl">LXX <span class="title">Ps.</span>80(81).17</span>, al., <span class="bibl">Str.17.2.5</span> (citing <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.36</span>, where <b class="b3">σταῖς</b> is in our text). [Gen. <b class="b3">στέατος</b> disyll., Od. l.c.; <b class="b3">στέᾱτι</b> trisyll., <span class="bibl">Diph.119</span>; cf. [[στεάτιον]].] (Prob. fr. <b class="b3">*στᾱ</b>[[y]]αρ, cf. Skt. [[styāyate]] 'congeal, grow hard'.)</span>

|etymtx=στέατος<br />Grammatical information: n.<br />Meaning: <b class="b2">(standing) fat, tallow</b> (opposite <b class="b3">πιμελή</b>), also [[dough]] = <b class="b3">σταῖς</b> (Od., Hp., X., Arist. etc.).<br />Other forms: (disyllabic φ 178 = 183), hell. pap. a. o. <b class="b3">στῆτος</b> with nom. <b class="b3">στῆρ</b>.<br />Derivatives: Dimin. <b class="b3">στεάτ-ιον</b> n. (Alex., Paul. Aeg.), <b class="b3">-ώδης</b> [[tallowy]] (Hp., Arist. a. o.), <b class="b3">-ινος</b> [[of tallow]], [[of dough]] (Aesop.), <b class="b3">-ωμα</b> n. <b class="b2">tallow formation, fat-tumour</b> with <b class="b3">-ωμάτιον</b> n. (medic.), <b class="b3">-ῖται πλακοῦντες</b> H. as expl. of <b class="b3">πίονες</b>; <b class="b3">-όομαι</b> [[to be tallowed]] (LXX), <b class="b2">to suffer from a fat-tumour</b> (Hippiatr.); also <b class="b3">στε-άζω</b> [[to tallow]] (Al.).<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [1010] <b class="b2">*steh₂i̯-r̥</b><br />Etymology: Old formation like <b class="b3">πῖαρ</b>, <b class="b3">οὖθαρ</b> a.o. (Schwyzer 518, Benveniste Origines 19, 27 a. 169); without immediate agreement outside Greek. Can stand for <b class="b3">*στῆι̯αρ</b>, <b class="b3">-σται̯αρ</b> (from which with metathesis <b class="b3">στέαρ</b> [LSJ Add. et Corr. s. v.]), which makes connection with Av. <b class="b2">stā(y</b>)- m. [[heap]], [[mass]] possible (but instr. pl. [[stāiš]]). To this with zero grade Skt. <b class="b2">stī-má-</b> [[slow]] of waters, in antevoc. position <b class="b2">sty-āna-</b> [[curdled]], [[fixed]], [[stiff]], prob. also <b class="b2">stíyāḥ</b> nom. pl. approx. [[standing waters]] (opposite <b class="b2">síndhavaḥ</b> [[rivers]]; RV) etc.; s. [[στία]]. -- Not here [[σταῖς]] (s. v.) and <b class="b3">ἀγχιστῖνος</b> (s. [[ἄγχι]]).