σῖτος: Difference between revisions

|Definition=ὁ, heterocl. pl. <b class="b3">σῖτα, τά</b>, <span class="bibl">Xenoph.2.8</span>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.4.128</span>, <span class="bibl">5.34</span> (neut. sg. <b class="b3">σῖτον</b> only <span class="title">Delph.</span>3(5).3 ii 19 (iv B.C.)):—<span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> [[grain]], comprehending both wheat (πυρός) and barley (κριθή), ἐν [Ἰθάκῃ] σ. ἀθέσφατος ἐν δέ τε οἶνος γίγνεται <span class="bibl">Od.13.244</span>; <b class="b3">περὶ σίτου ἐκβολήν</b> about the shooting of [[the corn]] into ear, <span class="bibl">Th.4.1</span>; <b class="b3">τοῦ σ. ἀκμάζοντος</b> at [[its]] ripening, <span class="bibl">Id.2.19</span>; πρὶν τὸν σ. ἐν ἀκμῇ εἶναι <span class="bibl">Id.4.2</span>; τὸν νέον σ. σὺν τῇ καλάμῃ ἀποκείμενον <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>5.4.27</span>; <b class="b3">σ. ἀληλεσμένος</b> or <b class="b3">-εμένος</b> ground [[corn]], <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.23</span>, <span class="bibl">Th.4.26</span>; σ. ἀπηλοημένος <span class="bibl">D.42.6</span>; σῖτον ἐσαγαγεῖν <span class="bibl">Th.2.6</span>, etc.; σ. ἐπείσακτος <span class="bibl">D.18.87</span>; <b class="b3">σίτου εἰσαγωγή, ἐξαγωγή</b>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">EN</span>1133b9</span>, <span class="title">IG</span>12.57.35; συγκομιδή <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span>7.5.14</span>; ἐγδοχεία <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PMich.Zen.</span>23</span> (iii B.C.); comprehending <b class="b3">πυρός, κριθή, ὄλυρα</b>, and <b class="b3">φακός</b>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PTeb.</span>66.41</span> (ii B.C.); περὶ τοῦ σ. καὶ τοῦ σησάμου <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PMich.Zen.</span>43.3</span> (iii B.C.); <b class="b3">ὁ σ. καὶ τὰ λάχανα</b> as examples of <b class="b3">πόα</b>, <span class="bibl">Thphr.<span class="title">HP</span>1.3.1</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> [[food made from grain]], [[bread]], opp. flesh-meat, σ. καὶ κρέα <span class="bibl">Od.9.9</span>, <span class="bibl">12.19</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.168</span>; <b class="b3">σῖτον ἔδοντες</b>, a general epith. of men as opp. to beasts, <b class="b3">ὅσσοι νῦν βροτοί εἰσιν ἐπὶ χθονὶ σ. ἔδ</b>. <span class="bibl">Od.8.222</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">9.89</span>; of savages, who eat flesh only, οὐδέ τι σῖτον ἤσθιον <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Op.</span>146</span>; of civilized men, σῖτον καὶ σπείρουσι καὶ σιτέονται <span class="bibl">Hdt.4.17</span>; σωρὸν σίτου κεχυμένον <span class="bibl">Id.1.22</span>; ἐσθίειν ἐπὶ τῷ σ. ὄψον <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>3.14.2</span>; <b class="b3">κάρδαμον ἔχειν ἐπὶ τῷ σ</b>. <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>1.2.11</span>; <b class="b3">πίνειν ὕδωρ ἐπὶ τῷ σ</b>. ib.<span class="bibl">6.2.27</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Plu. <span class="title">Them.</span>29</span>, with Id.2.328f. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> in a wider sense, [[food]], as opp. to drink, σ. ἠδὲ ποτής <span class="bibl">Od.9.87</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Il.19.306</span>; σ. καὶ οἶνος <span class="bibl">Od.3.479</span>, <span class="bibl">Il.9.706</span>; σ. καὶ μέθυ <span class="bibl">Od.4.746</span>, etc.; even of porridge (κυκεών), <span class="bibl">10.235</span>; σῖτα καὶ ποτά <span class="bibl">Hdt.5.34</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>2.3.27</span>; σ. ποιεῖν καὶ οἶνον <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>372a</span>; ἄκμηνος σίτοιο <span class="bibl">Il.19.163</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Fr.</span>182</span>; <b class="b3">εὐνὴ καὶ σ</b>. <span class="bibl">Od. 20.130</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Il.24.129</span>; ὕπνον καὶ σ. αἱρεῖσθαι <span class="bibl">Th.2.75</span>; [[provisions]], σῖτα ἀναιρέεσθαι <span class="bibl">Hdt.4.128</span>; παρέχειν σῖτα καὶ νέας <span class="bibl">Id.7.21</span>; <b class="b3">παρέχειν μέχρι τριάκοντα ἡμερῶν σ</b>. Foed. ap. <span class="bibl">Th.5.47</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">4</span> rarely of beasts, [[fodder]], <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Op.</span>604</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">HF</span>383</span> (lyr.), <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Eq.</span>4.1</span>.—In the general sense of [[food]], Prose writers prefer the dim. form <b class="b3">σιτία, τά</b>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> in Att. Law, [[allowance of grain]] made to widows and orphans. <b class="b3">σῖτον διδόναι, ἀποδιδόναι</b>, <span class="bibl">D.27.15</span>, <span class="bibl">28.11</span>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Ath.</span>56.7</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b3">δίκην σίτου δικάσασθαι</b>, bring an action under the Athen. Corn-law against regraters and monopolists, <span class="bibl">Is.3.9</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">D.59.52</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> [[allowance]] made to the <b class="b3">Ἱππεῖς</b>, <span class="title">IG</span>12.304.4, al. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">4</span> [[public distribution of corn]] in Rome, Lat. [[frumentatio]], τὸν ἐπὶ τοῦ σίτου ὄντα ἐν Ῥώμῃ <span class="bibl">Arr.<span class="title">Epict.</span>1.10.2</span>.</span>

|etymtx=Grammatical information: m.<br />Meaning: <b class="b2">corn, esp. wheat, bread, food</b> (Il.; on the meaning Moritz Class Quart. N. S. 5, 135ff.).<br />Other forms: pl. <b class="b3">σῖτα</b> n.<br />Dialectal forms: Myc. [[sito]].<br />Compounds: Numerous compp., e.g. <b class="b3">σιτ-αγωγός</b> [[conveying corn]] (Hdt., Th. a.o.; Chantraine Études 91); <b class="b3">σιτ-ηρέσιον</b> n. <b class="b2">provision of grain, (money for) victualling, pay</b> (X., D., hell. a. late), prob. with suppression of the intermediate member for <b class="b3">-σιτ-ὑπ-ηρέσιον</b> to <b class="b3">τὸν σῖτον</b> (<b class="b3">τὰ σιτία</b>) <b class="b3">ὑπηρετεῖν</b> (slightly diff. Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 190); <b class="b3">σύσ-σιτος</b> m. [[table companion]], [[messmate]] (Thgn. etc.) with <b class="b3">συσσίτ-ια</b> pl., <b class="b3">-ία</b>, <b class="b3">-ικός</b>, <b class="b3">-έω</b>, <b class="b3">-ησις</b>.<br />Derivatives: Many derivv.: subst. 1. <b class="b3">σιτία</b> pl. (rare <b class="b3">-ίον</b> sg.) n. [[bread]], [[fare]], [[provision]], also [[corn]] (IA. prose, com.); 2. dimin. <b class="b3">σιτ-άριον</b> n. [[corn]], [[bread]] (Hp., pap.); 3. <b class="b3">-ανίας</b> (<b class="b3">πυρός</b>) m. [[kind of wheat]] (Thphr.; beside <b class="b3">κριθανίας</b> [s. <b class="b3">κριθή</b>]; coubted by Kroll AmJPh. 60, 107); 4. <b class="b3">-ώματα</b> pl. [[provision]] (pap. IIp; <b class="b3">-ώματα</b> enlarged Chantraine Form. 186f.); 5. <b class="b3">-ών</b>, <b class="b3">-ῶνος</b> m. [[granary]], [[cornfield]] (Roussel Mél. Navarre 375 ff.; Plu. a. o.); 6. <b class="b3">-ώ</b> f. surn. of Demeter (hell. a. late). Adj. 7. <b class="b3">σιτ-ηρός</b> (Hp., Arist. etc.); 8. <b class="b3">-ικός</b> (hell. a. late); 9. <b class="b3">-ινος</b> (late) [[concerning the corn]]; 10. <b class="b3">-αῖα</b> pl. n. [[corn interest]] (Olymos); 11. <b class="b3">-ώδης</b> [[cornlike]], <b class="b3">τὰ σιτώδη</b> [[corn]] (Thphr. etc.). Verbs 12. <b class="b3">σιτ-έομαι</b>, also w. <b class="b3">κατα-</b> a. o., [[to feed]] (ω 209 [<b class="b3">σιτέσκοντο</b>]) with <b class="b3">-ησις</b> f. <b class="b2">(public) maintenance</b> (IA.); 13. <b class="b3">-εύω</b>, <b class="b3">-εύομαι</b> [[to feed]], [[to supply]] (Hdt., hell. a. late) with <b class="b3">-ευτός</b> (X. etc.), <b class="b3">-ευσις</b>, <b class="b3">-εύσιμος</b>, <b class="b3">-ευτής</b>, <b class="b3">-εία</b> (hell. a. late); 14. <b class="b3">-ίζω</b>, <b class="b3">-ίζομαι</b>, often w. <b class="b3">ἐπι-</b>, <b class="b2">id.</b> with <b class="b3">ἐπι-</b> σῖτος <b class="b3">ισμός</b> [[victualling]] (X., D. etc.).<br />Origin: XX [etym. unknown]<br />Etymology: As opposed to <b class="b3">πυρός</b> and <b class="b3">κριθή</b> without convincing etymology. Often as LW [loanword] from an other IE language explained: 1. to Slav., e.g. Russ. <b class="b2">žíto</b> [[corn]], OPr. [[geits]] [[bread]] (Wiedemann BB 27, 213 n.); 2. to the Germ. word for [[wheat]], Goth. [[hvaiteis]] etc., i.e. from a northerly satemlanguage (G. Meyer Alban. Stud. 3, 51 n. 2). Diff. Hubschmid Sardische Stud. (Bern 1953) 104: like <b class="b3">ἄρτος</b> substratum word, to Basque [[zitu]] [[corn]], [[harvest]]; Schott Festschr. Hirt 2, 47 (with Hemmel in Lewy Fremdw. 81 A.): to Sumer. [[zid]] [[flour]]; Maccarrone Arch. glottol. it. 31, 103ff.: from Egypt. <b class="b2">sw.t</b> [[corn]] (orig. Semit.). -- Not to <b class="b3">ψίω</b> [[grind]], [[masticate]], <b class="b3">ψίξ</b> [[crumb]] (Prellwitz, Fick BB 28, 108).