σχίζω: Difference between revisions

|Definition=<span class="bibl">Hdt.2.17</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">El.</span>99</span> (anap.), etc.: poet. impf. <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> σχίζον <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span> 4.228</span>: fut. σχίσω <span class="bibl">LXX <span class="title">Su.</span>55</span>: aor. ἔσχισα <span class="bibl">Od.4.507</span> (ἀπο-), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">h.Merc.</span> 128</span>, etc., Ep. σχίσσα <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Sc.</span>428</span>:—Pass., fut. σχισθήσομαι <span class="bibl">LXX <span class="title">Za.</span> 14.4</span>: pf. <b class="b3">ἔσχισμαι</b> (v. infr.):—[[split]], [[cleave]], ῥινὸν ὀνύχεσσι Hes. l.c.; <b class="b3">ἔσχισε δώδεκα μοίρας</b>, i.e. [[divided]] them [[into]] twelve parts, <span class="title">h.Merc.</span>l.c.; <b class="b3">σ. νῶτον γᾶς</b>, of the plough, Pi. l.c.; σχίσσαις κεραυνῷ Ζεὺς χθόνα <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">N.</span>9.24</span>; ποδὶ γᾶν <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Fr.</span>167</span>; κάρα πελέκει S. l.c.; esp. of wood, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span> 1.5.12</span>, etc.; of the wind, σ. περὶ πρῷραν τὰ κύματα <span class="bibl">Simon.25</span> (dub.); but πρῷρα σ. τὸ κῦμα <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">Am.</span>6</span>; [θάλασσα] σχιζομένη ταῖς κώπαις <span class="title">Placit.</span>3.3.2; <b class="b3">ἔσχισε νῆα θάλασσα</b> [[shattered]] it, <span class="title">AP</span>9.40 (Zos.); <b class="b3">σ. ὑποδήματα</b> [[cut out]], opp. <b class="b3">νευρορραφεῖν</b>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>8.2.5</span> (cf. [[πρόσχισμα]]); [[tear]], <b class="b3">ἱμάτιον</b> <span class="title">Gloss.</span>; τριβώνιον ἐσχισμένον <span class="bibl"><span class="title">BGU</span>928.20</span>,<span class="bibl">22</span> (iii A.D.); οἱ ἀποθανόντες ἐσχισμένοις ἐνειλοῦνται ῥάκεσιν ὡς καὶ τὰ βρέφη <span class="bibl">Artem.1.13</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> generally, [[part]], [[separate]], [[divide]], <b class="b3">Νεῖλος μέσην Αἴγυπτον σχίζων</b> Hdt.l.c., cf. <span class="bibl">4.49</span>; σ. διχῇ τὸ γένος <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Sph.</span>264d</span>; κατὰ μῆκος <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ti.</span>36b</span>; <b class="b3">σ. τὰς φλέβας</b> [[divide]] them, ib.<span class="bibl">77d</span>:—Pass., σχισθέντα <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>623</span>; φλὲψ σχιζομένη <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Art.</span>20</span>; ἐσχίσθη ὁ ποταμός <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.75</span>; <b class="b3">Νεῖλος σχίζεται τριφασίας ὁδούς</b> [[branches]] into three channels, <span class="bibl">Id.2.17</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">15</span> (so ὁ λύχνος ἔσχισται διδύμην φλόγα <span class="title">AP</span>12.199 (Strat.)); περὶ ὃ σχίζεται τὸ τοῦ Νείλου ῥεῦμα <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ti.</span>21e</span>; σχιζομένης τῆς ὁδοῦ <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.31</span>; <b class="b3">ἡ στρατιὴ ἐσχίζετο</b> the army [[divided]], <span class="bibl">Id.8.34</span>; of a bird's wings (cf. [[σχιζόπτερος]]), <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">PA</span>642b28</span>; of feet divided into toes (cf. [[σχιζόπους]]), <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">HA</span>494a12</span>; and of various parts of the body, ib.<span class="bibl">495b4</span>, <span class="bibl">507a13</span>; [[branch off]], <b class="b3">ἀπὸ [τοῦ στελέχους</b>] <span class="bibl">Thphr.<span class="title">HP</span>1.1.9</span>; φύλλα ἐσχισμένα εἰς έ μοίρας Dsc.4.41. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> <b class="b3">σχίζειν γάλα</b> [[make]] milk [[curdle]], i. e. [[separate]] the whey from the curds, Id.2.70; cf. σχίσις 2. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> metaph. of [[divided]] opinions, σφεων ἐσχίζοντο αἱ γνῶμαι <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.219</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Smp.</span>4.59</span>; ἐσχίσθησαν ταῖς γνώμαις Gal. 16.728. (Cf. Lat. [[scindo]], Goth. [[skaidan]] 'separate', etc.)</span>

|etymtx=Grammatical information: v.<br />Meaning: [[to split]], [[to cut]], [[to separate]] (Pi., Hdt., Att. etc.).<br />Other forms: Aor. <b class="b3">σχίσ(σ)αι</b> (Od.), pass. <b class="b3">σχισθ-ῆναι</b> (P 316), fut. <b class="b3">-ήσομαι</b>, act. <b class="b3">σχίσω</b>, perf. midd. <b class="b3">ἔσχισμαι</b> (hell. a. late).<br />Compounds: Very often w. prefix, e.g. <b class="b3">ἀπο-</b>, <b class="b3">δια-</b>, <b class="b3">ἀνα-</b>, <b class="b3">περι-</b>.<br />Derivatives: A. With unchanged root-auslaut: 1. <b class="b3">σχίδα σχίδος σινδόνος</b>, <b class="b3">ῥῆγμα</b> (cod. <b class="b3">π-</b>) H. like <b class="b3">κλάδ-α</b> acc. sg. (Schwyzer 507); if not Dor. or hell. nom. (Kretschmer Glotta 10, 170); as 2. member in <b class="b3">ἀπο-</b>, <b class="b3">δια-</b>, <b class="b3">παρα-σχίδες</b> pl. (rarely sg. <b class="b3">-σχίς</b>) f. <b class="b2">secessions, branchings etc.</b> (medic. a.o.). 2. <b class="b3">σχίδ-αξ</b>, <b class="b3">-ακος</b> m. <b class="b2">split wood, piece of wood, splinter</b> (LXX, D. S. a.o.) with <b class="b3">-ακηδόν</b>, <b class="b3">ὑπο-</b> σχίζω <b class="b3">-ακώδης</b> (medic.); cf. <b class="b3">χάραξ</b>, <b class="b3">κάμαξ</b> a.o. 3. <b class="b3">σχίδος την ἀπόσχισιν</b> H.; but <b class="b3">-σχιδής</b>, e.g. in <b class="b3">ἀ-</b>, <b class="b3">ἀκρο-</b>, <b class="b3">νεο-</b> σχίζω (hell. a. late) directly from the verb. 4. <b class="b3">σχίδ-ια ὠμόλινα</b> H., Lat. [[schidia]] f. sg. [[chip of wood]] (Vitr.). 5. <b class="b3">σχιδανός</b> (as <b class="b3">πιθανός</b>) in σχίζω <b class="b3">-πους</b> (Arist.) = <b class="b3">σχιζό-πους</b> [[with split feet]], [[toes]] (Arist.). -- B. With altered root-auslaut: 1. <b class="b3">σχίζα</b> f. <b class="b2">split wood, piece of wood etc.</b> (Hom., Ar., pap. a.o.), [[shaft]], [[javelin]] (LXX,AP); from <b class="b3">*σχίδ-ι̯α</b> or adapted to <b class="b3">σχίζω</b> (Schwyzer 474); dimin. <b class="b3">-ίον</b> n. (Poll., Alciphr.); <b class="b3">-ίας</b> m. [[lath]], [[lath-like]] (Cratin., Dikaiarch., hell. pap. a.o.). 2. <b class="b3">σχιστός</b> (<b class="b3">ἄ-</b> σχίζω etc.) [[split]] (Hp., Att.). 3. <b class="b3">σχίσις</b> (<b class="b3">ἀπό-</b>, <b class="b3">διά-</b> a.o.) f. [[split]], [[carving]] (Pl., Arist. etc.). 4. <b class="b3">σχισ-μός</b> (<b class="b3">δια-</b>, <b class="b3">περι-</b>, <b class="b3">ὑπο-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐν-</b>) m. <b class="b2">id.</b> (A. Ag. 1149, Delph. inscr., pap. a.o.); <b class="b3">-μα</b> (also w. <b class="b3">ἀπό-</b>, <b class="b3">διά-</b> a.o.) n. [[split]], [[tear]] (Arist., Thphr. etc.); <b class="b3">-μή</b> f. <b class="b2">id.</b> (LXX, H.); from <b class="b3">-σμο-</b>, <b class="b3">-σμα</b> or from <b class="b3">σχιδ-μ-</b> reshaped (Schwyzer 321 a. 493).<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [919] <b class="b2">*skid-</b> [[cut]], [[split]], [[separate]]<br />Etymology: The above words form a system built on an IE basis, which was richly developed inside Greek. For closer comparison esp. the following form can be used: 1. <b class="b3">ἀπο-σχίδ-ες</b> = Skt. <b class="b2">apa-chíd-</b> f. [[section]], [[clipping]]. 2. <b class="b3">σχιστός</b> = Lat. [[scissus]] (from <b class="b2">*scid-to-s</b>), Av. <b class="b2">a-sista-</b>; diff. Skt. <b class="b2">chinná-</b> (from <b class="b2">*chid-ná-</b>). 3. Aor. <b class="b3">σχίσαι</b>, <b class="b3">-ασθαι</b>: Skt. aor. midd. <b class="b2">chit-s-i</b> (cf. the reserved remarks in Schwyzer 751). 4. A trace of the old nasalpresent in Lat. <b class="b2">sci-n-dō</b>, Skt. <b class="b2">chi-ná-d-mi</b>, pl. <b class="b2">chi-n-d-ánti</b> [[cut off]], [[split]] not retained in [[σκινδάλαμος]] etc. s.v.. On the other hand the yod-present <b class="b3">σχίζω</b> is isolated and is like the other verbforms notably a Greek. innovation. Against identification of <b class="b3">σχίζεται</b> and the Skt. pass. <b class="b2">chid-yá-te</b> Wackernagel Unt. 133. Beside <b class="b3">σχίζω</b> stands with full grade Lith. <b class="b2">skíedžiu</b> [[separate]], [[divide]]. 5. Independent of <b class="b3">σχίσις</b> (innovation; cf. <b class="b3">πίστις</b>) is Skt. <b class="b2">ví-chitti-</b> [[interruption]]. -- Further cognates, a.o. Arm. <b class="b2">c'tim</b> (from <b class="b2">*c'it-im</b>) [[tear itself]], [[scratch]], for Greek without direct interest, in Bq, WP. 2, 543 f., Pok. 920f., W.-Hofmann s. [[scindō]] w. lit. -- Lat. LW [loanword] [[scheda]] f. [[stroke of papyrus]] from <b class="b3">*σχίδη</b> (or <b class="b3">σχίδα</b>?; s. above A. 1), also [[concept]] through influence of [[schedium]] n. [[unprepared speech]], [[draft]], [[scetch]] = late- a. NGr. <b class="b3">σχέδιον</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> (on the meaning s. <b class="b3">σχέδιος</b> to <b class="b3">σχεδόν</b>), <b class="b3">σχεδάριον</b>; on this till Ital. [[schizzo]], Fr. [[esquisse]], NHG [[Skizze]]; s. Kretschmer Glotta 10, 168 ff. == Other words mentioned by Frisk but not cognate with <b class="b3">σχίζω</b> s.vv: <b class="b3">σκινδαλ(α)μός</b>, <b class="b3">σκινδύλιον</b>, <b class="b3">σκιδαρόν</b>, <b class="b3">σκοιδ-</b>.