βαίνω: Difference between revisions

|Definition=(inf. <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> βαίμεναι Hsch.), fut. βήσομαι <span class="bibl">Il.2.339</span>, etc., Dor. βᾱσεῦμαι <span class="bibl">Theoc.2.8</span>, etc.: pf. βέβηκα <span class="bibl">Il.15.90</span>, etc., Dor. βέβᾱκα <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">I.</span>4(3).41</span>, etc., with shortd. forms βεβάᾱσι <span class="bibl">Il.2.134</span>, contr. βεβᾶσι <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pers.</span> 1002</span> (lyr.), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Eu.</span>76</span>, etc.; subj. [[βεβῶσι]] (ἐμ-) <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phdr.</span>252e</span>; inf. βεβάμεν <span class="bibl">Il.17.359</span>, βεβάναι <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Heracl.</span>610</span> (lyr.); part. βεβαώς, -αυῖα <span class="bibl">Il.14.477</span>, <span class="bibl">Hom.<span class="title">Epigr.</span>15.10</span>, contr. [[βεβώς]]: plpf. ἐβεβήκειν <span class="bibl">Il.11.296</span>, etc., Ep. βεβήκειν <span class="bibl">6.495</span>; sync. 3pl. βέβᾰσαν <span class="bibl">17.286</span>, etc.: aor. 2 ἔβην <span class="bibl">Il. 17.112</span>, etc., Dor. ἔβᾱν <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>13.97</span>, etc.; Ep. 3sg. βῆ <span class="bibl">Il.13.297</span>, Ep. 3dual <b class="b3">βάτην [ᾰ</b>] <span class="bibl">1.327</span>, 3pl. ἔβαν <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pers.</span>18</span> (lyr.), (κατ-) <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Tr.</span>504</span> (lyr.), Ep. βάν <span class="bibl">Il.20.32</span>; imper. [[βῆθι]], Dor. βᾶθι <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>1196</span> (lyr.); βᾱ in compds. <b class="b3">ἔμβα, κατάβα</b>, etc., 2pl. βᾶτε <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Supp.</span>191</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Eu.</span>1033</span> (lyr.); subj. [[βῶ]], Ep. 3sg. [[βήῃ]] (ὑπερ-) <span class="bibl">Il.9.501</span>, βήω <span class="bibl">6.113</span>, ἐμ-βέῃ <span class="title">GDI</span>5075.4 (Cret.), Dor. [[βᾶμες]] (for [[βῶμεν]]) <span class="bibl">Theoc.15.22</span>; opt. [[βαίην]]; inf. [[βῆναι]] (Att. Prose only in compds.), Ep. βήμεναι <span class="bibl">Od.19.296</span>, Dor. βᾶμεν <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>4.39</span>; part. <b class="b3">βάς βᾶσα βάν</b>, Dor. pl. ἐκ-βῶντας <span class="bibl">Th.5.77</span>:— Med., Ep.aor.1 [[ἐβήσετο]] (ἀπ-) <span class="bibl">Il.1.428</span>:—Pass., pres. (v. infr.A.11.1): in compds., aor. <b class="b3">ἀν-, παρ-, ξυν-εβάθην</b>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Eq.</span>3.4</span>, <span class="bibl">Th.3.67</span>, <span class="bibl">4.30</span>; later παρ-εβάνθην <span class="bibl">D.C.48.2</span>,al.; <b class="b3">ἀνα-, παρα-, ξυμ-βέβᾰμαι</b>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Eq.Mag.</span>1.4</span>, <span class="bibl">Th.1.123</span>, <span class="bibl">8.98</span>; παρα-βέβασμαι <span class="bibl">D.17.12</span>: fut. <b class="b3">παρα-βαθήσομαι</b> Sch.<span class="bibl">E. <span class="title">Hec.</span>802</span>.—For the Act. fut. and aor. 1, v. infr. B; for pres. part. [[βιβάς]], v. [[βίβημι]].—In correct Att. Prose the pres. [[βαίνω]] is almost the only tense in use; but in compds. Prose writers used all tenses freely. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> in the above tenses, </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">I</span> intr., [[walk]], [[step]], prop. of motion [[on foot]], ποσὶ βήσετο <span class="bibl">Il.5.745</span>, etc.; but also of all motion [[on ground]], the direction being commonly determined by a Prep.:—the kind of motion is often marked by a part., <b class="b3">βῆ φεύγων, βῆ ἀΐξασα</b>, <span class="bibl">Il.2.665</span>, <span class="bibl">4.74</span>: c. part. fut., denoting purpose, <b class="b3">βῆ ῥ' Ἶσον… ἐξεναρίξων</b> [[he went to]] slay, <span class="bibl">Il.11.101</span>: with neut. Adj. as Adv., σαῦλα ποσὶν β. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">h.Merc.</span>28</span>; ἁβρὸν β. παλλεύκῳ ποδί <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Med.</span>1164</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">830</span> (lyr.); [[ἴσα]] or <b class="b3">ὁμοίως β. τινί</b>, <span class="bibl">D.19.314</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Eq.</span>1.3</span>; ἐν ποικίλοις β. <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>936</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">924</span>; [[march]] or [[dance]], <b class="b3">μετὰ ῥυθμοῦ, ἐν ῥυθμῷ</b>, <span class="bibl">Th.5.70</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>670b</span>: freq. c. inf. in Hom., <b class="b3">βῆ δ' ἰέναι</b> [[set out]] to go, [[went]] his way, <span class="bibl">Il.4.199</span>, etc.; βῆ δ' ἴμεν <span class="bibl">5.167</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">βῆ δὲ θέειν</b> [[started]] to run, <span class="bibl">2.183</span>, etc.; βῆ δ' ἐλάαν <span class="bibl">13.27</span>: c. acc. loci, νέας <span class="bibl">Od.3.162</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>153</span> (lyr.), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">OC</span>378</span>; <b class="b3">ἐπὶ νηὸς ἔβαινεν</b> [[was going]] on board ship, <span class="bibl">Od.11.534</span>; but ἐν δὲ ἑκάστῃ [νηῒ]… ἑκατὸν καὶ εἴκοσι βαῖνον [[were on board]], <span class="bibl">Il.2.510</span>; <b class="b3">ἐφ' ἵππων βάντες</b> [[having mounted]] the chariot, <span class="bibl">18.532</span>; <b class="b3">ἐπὶ πώλου βεβῶσα</b> [[mounted]] on... <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>313</span>; ἐς δίφρον <span class="bibl">Il.5.364</span>; ἐς ἅρματα <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">El.</span>320</span>; <b class="b3">βαίνειν δι' αἵματος</b> [[wade]] in blood, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ph.</span> 20</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> in pf., [[stand]] or [[be]] in a place, χῶρος ἐν ᾧ βεβήκαμεν <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>52</span>; <b class="b3">βεβηκὼς σφόδρα</b> firmly [[poised]] (opp. [[κρεμάμενος]]) <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ti.</span>62c</span>; <b class="b3">β. μάχη</b> [[steady]] fight, <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Phil.</span>9</span>: freq. almost, = [[εἰμί]] ([[sum]]), <b class="b3">εὖ βεβηκώς</b> [[on a]] good [[footing]], well [[established]], [[prosperous]], [θεοὶ] εὖ βεβηκότας ὑπτίους κλίνουσ' <span class="bibl">Archil.56.3</span>; τυραννίδα εὖ βεβηκυῖαν <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.164</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">El.</span>979</span>; <b class="b3">εὖ βίου βεβηκότα</b> prob. for ἐν βίῳ βεβιωκότα Nicom. Com.2; ἀσφαλέως βεβηκὼς ποσσί <span class="bibl">Archil.58.4</span>; ἐπισφαλῶς βεβ. <span class="bibl">LXX <span class="title">Wi.</span>4.4</span>; ἄγαλμα βεβηκὸς ἄνω τὰ κάτω δὲ κεχηνός <span class="bibl">Eub.107.23</span>; <b class="b3">οἱ ἐν τέλει ἐόντες, βεβῶτες</b>, they who [[are]]in office, <span class="bibl">Hdt.9.106</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>67</span>; <b class="b3">τοῦτον οὐχ ὁρῇς ὅκως βέβη-[κεν] ἀνδριάντα</b>; <span class="bibl">Herod.4.36</span>; [λίθους] ἐν ταῖς ἰδίαις χώραις βεβηκότας <span class="title">IG</span>7.3073.163 (Lebad.); ἐν κακοῖς βεβ. <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">El.</span>1057</span>; <b class="b3">μοίρᾳ οὐκ ἐν ἐσθλᾷ β</b>. ib.<span class="bibl">1095</span> (lyr.); <b class="b3">βοῦς, κλεὶς ἐπὶ γλώσσῃ βέβηκεν</b>, v. [[βοῦς]] IV, κλείς <span class="bibl">4</span>; φρόνει βεβὼς ἐπὶ ξυροῦ τύχης <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>996</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">b</span> Geom. of figures, [[stand]] on a base, ἐπί τινος <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">IA</span>709a24</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Apollon.Perg.<span class="title">Con.</span>3.3</span>; πυραμὶς ἐπὶ τετραγώνου βεβηκυῖα Hero <b class="b2">*Stereom</b>.1.31; of an angle, [[stand]] on an arc, <b class="b3">ἐπί τινος, πρός τινι</b>, <span class="bibl">Euc.3</span><span class="title">Def.</span>9, cf. 16.26. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">c</span> <b class="b3">βεβηκὼς ῥυθμός</b> [[stately]] rhythm, <span class="bibl">Syrian.<span class="title">in Hermog.</span>1p.69R.</span>; [[ἀνάπαυσις]] ib.<span class="bibl">p.18</span> R. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> [[go away]], [[depart]], ἐν νηυσὶ φίλην ἐς πατρίδ' <span class="bibl">Il.12.16</span>; <b class="b3">ἔβαν ἄγοντες, ἔβαν φέρουσαι</b>, [[have gone]] and taken away, <span class="bibl">1.391</span>, <span class="bibl">2.302</span>; ἄφαρ βέβακεν <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Tr.</span> 134</span>; θανάσιμος βέβηκεν <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">OT</span>959</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">832</span>; βεβᾶσι φροῦδοι <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">IT</span>1289</span>; [[βέβηκα]] euphem. for [[τέθνηκα]], <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pers.</span>1002</span> (lyr.); of things, <b class="b3">ἐννέα ἐνιαυτοὶ βεβάασι</b> nine years [[have come and gone]], <span class="bibl">Il.2.134</span>; <b class="b3">πῇ ὅρκια βήσεται</b>; ib.<span class="bibl">339</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">8.229</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">4</span> [[come]], τίπτε βέβηκας; <span class="bibl">15.90</span>; [[arrive]], <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>81</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Aj.</span>921</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">5</span> [[go on]], [[advance]], <b class="b3">ἐς τόδε τόλμης, ἐς τοσοῦτον ἐλπίδων</b>, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">OT</span>125</span>,<span class="bibl">772</span>; ἐπ' ἔσχατα <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">OC</span>217</span> (lyr.). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">6</span> c. part. as periphr. for fut., βαίνω καταγγέλλων <span class="title">PMag.Par.</span>1.2474. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> c. acc., [[mount]], Hom. only in aor. Med. βήσασθαι δίφρον <span class="bibl">Il.3.262</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.3.481</span>: in Act. (fut. part. Med. βησόμενος <span class="bibl">Them.<span class="title">Or.</span>21.248b</span>), of the male, [[mount]], [[cover]], <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phdr.</span>250e</span>, <span class="bibl">Achae.28</span>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">HA</span>575a13</span>, etc.:—in Pass., <b class="b3">ἵπποι βαινόμεναι</b> [[brood]] mares, <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.192</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> c. acc. cogn., β. Δωρίαν κέλευθον ὕμνων <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">Fr.</span>191</span>; Καλλαβίδας <span class="bibl">Eup.163</span>; <b class="b3">ἔβα ῥόον</b> [[went down]] stream, i.e. [[died]], <span class="bibl">Theoc.1.140</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">b</span> metaph. of metre, [[scan]], <span class="bibl">D.H.<span class="title">Comp.</span>21</span> (Pass.), Aristid. Quint.1.23,24, etc.; βαίνεται τὸ ἔπος [[is scanned]], <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Metaph.</span>1093a30</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> <b class="b3">χρέος ἔβα με</b> debts [[came on]] me, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Nu.</span>30</span>; ὀδύνα μ' ὀδύνα βαίνει <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hipp.</span>1371</span> (lyr.). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">4</span> Poet. with acc. of the instrument of motion, βαίνειν πόδα <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">El.</span>94</span>, <span class="bibl">1173</span> (lyr.). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">5</span> <b class="b3">βαίνειν· φιλεῖν, κολακεύειν</b>, Hsch. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">B</span> Causal, in fut. <b class="b3">βήσω,</b> (ἐπι-) <span class="bibl">Il.8.197</span>, (εἰσ-) <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">IT</span>742</span>: aor. 1 [[ἔβησα]]—[[make to go]], <b class="b3">φῶτας βῆσεν ἀφ' ἵππων</b> [[he made]] them [[dismount]], <span class="bibl">Il.16.810</span>; <b class="b3">ἀμφοτέρους ἐξ ἵππων βῆσε κακῶς</b> [[he brought]] them [[down]] from the chariot in sorry plight, <span class="bibl">5.164</span>; ὄφρα βάσομεν ὄκχον <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span> 6.24</span>.—Rare in Trag. (exc. in compds.), <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Med.</span>209</span> (lyr.).—The simple Verb is uncommon in later Gr. (For [[βάμ]]-[[y]]ω, cf. Lat. [[venio]], Skt. [[gamyáte]]; [[βάσκω]] corresponds to Skt. [[gácchati]] (<b class="b2">gu̯ṃ-sk-</b>); root <b class="b2">gu̯em-</b> in OHG. [[quëman]] 'come'; <b class="b3">ἔβην, βήσομαι</b> fr. root <b class="b2">gu̯ā-</b>, Skt. [[jigāti]], aor. [[ágāt]].) </span>

|etymtx=Grammatical information: v.<br />Meaning: [[go]] (Il.).<br />Other forms: Only present stem. Other presents: 1. [[βάσκω]], mostly as ipv. [[βάσκε]], <b class="b3">-τε</b> (Il.; s. below); 2. [[βιβάσκω]] (Il.), mostly causative ; 3. [[βίβημι]] ([[βίβαμι]]), <b class="b3">-άω</b> (to [[ἔβην]], s. below) in [[βιβάς]], [[βιβῶν]], <b class="b3">βιβᾳ̃</b> [[stride]] (Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 300); 4. [[βιβάζω]] (posthom.) causative; 5. [[βιβάσθων]] in <b class="b3">μακρὰ β</b>. (Il.), metrical lengthening of [[βιβάς]] at verse end (Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 327, Shipp Studies 39).<br />Compounds: Many compounds: <b class="b3">ἀνα-</b>, <b class="b3">ἀπο-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐκ-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐμ-βαίνω</b> usw.<br />Derivatives: 1. [[βάσις]] [[step]], [[base]] (Pi., in comp. Il.) = Skt. <b class="b2">gáti-</b> (below). 2. [[βατήρ]], <b class="b3">-ῆρος</b> m. [[threshold]], [[basis]] (Amips., inscr. etc.). 3. <b class="b3">-βάτης</b>, <b class="b3">-ου</b> m. from comp.: <b class="b3">ἀνα-</b>, <b class="b3">ἀπο-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐμ-βάτης</b> etc. (Il.), also with nominal first element, e. g. <b class="b3">στυλο-βά-της</b>; 4. <b class="b3">-βατος</b> from comp. : <b class="b3">ἀνα-</b> (<b class="b3">ἀμ-)βατός</b> etc. (Il.); [[βατός]] as simplex (rarely) [[accessible]] (X.); s. Chantr. Form. 302ff. From <b class="b3">-βάτης</b> and <b class="b3">-βατος</b> abstracta in <b class="b3">-σία</b>, [[ὑπερβασία]] [[transgression]] (Il.); denomin. in <b class="b3">-εύω</b> and <b class="b3">-έω</b>, [[ἐμβατεύω]] etc. 5. <b class="b3">-βάς</b>, <b class="b3">-άδος</b> f. in [[ἐμβαδές]]. From here (?) adv. [[βάδην]] [[step by step]]. 6. [[βάθρον]] [[basis]], [[seat]] etc. (Ion.-Att.), [[βάθρα]]. 7. [[βαθμός]] and [[βασμός]] m. [[step]], [[basis]] etc. (hell.; [[βαθμίς]] f. Pi.). Not here [[βαμβαίνων]], q. v. From the root <b class="b3">βη-</b>: [[βῆμα]], [[βᾶμα]] n. [[step]] etc. (h. Merc. etc.; = Av. <b class="b2">gāman-</b> n. [[step]]) ; further [[βηλός]] ([[βαλός]]) m. [[threshold]] (Il.), [[βηλά]] n. pl. = [[πέδιλα]] (Panyas.); s. Chantr. Form. 240. Also <b class="b3">-βήτης</b>, <b class="b3">-ου</b> m. in <b class="b3">ἐμπυριβή-της</b> ([[τρίπους]]) [[standing over the fire]] (Ψ 702); on <b class="b3">διαβή-της</b> s.s.v. <b class="b2">circle etc.</b> (Ar.) s. Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 33f.; cf. also [[ἀμφισβητέω]].<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [463] <b class="b2">*gʷem-</b> [[go]]<br />Etymology: A jot present < <b class="b3">*βάν-ι̯ω</b> < <b class="b3">*βάμ-ι̯ω</b> < <b class="b2">gʷm̥-i̯o</b>, <b class="b3">βά-σκω</b> < *gʷm̥- from the root <b class="b2">*gʷem-</b>. The non-present forms were made from the root <b class="b3">βη-</b> (<b class="b3">βα-</b>) < <b class="b2">*gʷeh₂-</b>: [[ἔβην]], [[βήσομαι]] (factitive [[ἔβησα]], [[βήσω]] after [[ἔστησα]], [[στήσω]]), [[βέβηκα]] (Il.). The present [[βαίνω]] is identical with Lat. [[venio]] (on [[go]] and [[come]] s. Porzig Satzinhalte 330f.); the <b class="b2">sḱ-</b>present [[βάσκε]] in Skt.. <b class="b2">gácchati</b> < <b class="b2">*gʷm̥-ske-ti</b> [[he goes]]. The full grade in Goth. [[qiman]] [[come]], Skt. <b class="b2">á-gam-am</b> [[I went]] (aor.). Here also <b class="b3">ἐβάθη ἐγεννήθη</b> H.? for which one compares Lith. <b class="b2">gìmstu</b> [[be born]], if <b class="b2">-stu</b> < <b class="b2">*-sḱō</b> (Leumann IF 58, 120)? - With [[βάσις]] cf. Skt. <b class="b2">gáti-</b>, Lat. [[con-ventio]], and Germ., e.g. Goth. [[ga-qumÞs]]. Also <b class="b3">-βατος</b> = Skt. (-)<b class="b2">gata-</b>, Lat. <b class="b2">-ventus</b>. With [[βίβημι]] cf. Skt. <b class="b2">jígāti</b> <b class="b2">he goes.</b> The aor. [[ἔβην]] agrees exactly with Skt. <b class="b2">á-gā-m</b> [[he went]]; das noun [[βῆμα]] agrees with Av. <b class="b2">gā-man-</b> n. [[step]], [[pace]]. - With the roots <b class="b2">guem-</b> and <b class="b2">guā-</b> cf. <b class="b2">*drem-</b> (s. [[ἔδραμον]]), <b class="b2">drā-</b> (s. [[ἀποδιδράσκω]]), with related meaning. Cf. [[βέβαιος]], [[βέβηλος]], [[βωμός]], [[βαστάζω]], [[βητάρμων]].