εὔχομαι: Difference between revisions

|Definition=impf. <b class="b3">εὐχόμην</b> (Att. <b class="b3">ηὐ</b>-) <span class="bibl">Il.3.275</span>, etc.: fut. <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> εὔξομαι <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Av.</span> 622</span> (anap.), etc.: aor. 1 <b class="b3">εὐξάμην</b> (Att. <b class="b3">ηὐ</b>-) <span class="bibl">Il.8.254</span>, etc.: 2sg. subj. εὔξεαι <span class="bibl">Od.3.45</span>: (augm. <b class="b3">ηὐ</b>- only Att.acc. to Hdn.Gr.<span class="bibl">2.789</span>, <span class="bibl">Moer.175</span>): —[[pray]], θεοῖς <span class="bibl">Il.3.296</span>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.8.64</span>, <span class="bibl">Th.3.58</span>, etc.; ἀγάλμασι <span class="bibl">Heraclit.5</span>; ἀνέμοισι <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.178</span>; Ἀργείοισι <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Supp.</span>980</span>: c.acc. cogn., εὐχὰς εὔ. τοῖς θεοῖς <span class="bibl">D.19.130</span>; <b class="b3">εὐχὰς ὑπέρ τινος πρὸς τοὺς θεοὺς εὔ</b>. <span class="bibl">Aeschin.3.18</span>; <b class="b3">εὔ. ἔπος</b> [[to utter]] it [[in prayer]], <span class="bibl">Simon.37.19</span>, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>3.2</span>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Supp.</span>1059</span> (lyr.); <b class="b3">μεγάλα, μέγα εὔ</b>., [[pray]] aloud, <span class="bibl">Il.3.275</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.17.239</span>; πολλὰ Ποσειδάωνι <span class="bibl">3.54</span>: later, c.acc., <b class="b3">Ἄρτεμιν εὔ</b>. <span class="title">AP</span>9.268 (Antip. Thess.): abs., <span class="bibl">Il.7.298</span>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ch.</span>465</span> (lyr.), <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Fr.</span>39</span> D. (lyr.), etc. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> c. acc. et inf., [[pray that]], <span class="bibl">Od.15.353</span>, <span class="bibl">21.211</span>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.31</span>; of an unrealizable wish (cf. εὐχή <span class="bibl">2</span>), <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">EN</span>1118a32</span>, cf. Macho ap.<span class="bibl">Ath.8.341d</span>: c. inf. alone, εὔ. θάνατον φυγεῖν <span class="bibl">Il.2.401</span>; <b class="b3">τί δοκέεις εὔχεσθαι ἄλλο ἢ… λαβεῖν</b>; <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.27</span>; οἶκον ἰδεῖν <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>4.293</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">τοῖς θεοῖς</b> c. acc. et inf., <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phd.</span>117c</span>; also <b class="b3">εὔ. τοὺς θεοὺς δοῦναί μοι</b> [[pray]] that the gods may give, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Th.</span>351</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>6.1.26</span>; πρὸς τοὺς θεοὺς διδόναι <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Mem.</span>1.3.2</span>; ταῖς Μούσαις εἰπεῖν <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>545d</span>, etc.; later <b class="b3">εὔ. ἵνα</b> Aristeas <span class="bibl">45</span>, <span class="bibl">D.H.9.53</span>, <span class="bibl">Arr.<span class="title">Epict.</span>2.6.12</span>; ὅπως <span class="title">Wien.Stud.</span>44.159. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> c. acc. obj., [[pray for]], [[long]] or [[wish for]], χρυσόν <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">N.</span>8.37</span>, etc.; εὐχόμενος ἄν τις ταῦτα εὔξαιτο <span class="bibl">Antipho 6.1</span>; <b class="b3">εὔ. τινί τι</b> [[pray for]] something [[for]] a person, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>1019</span>; κακόν τινι <span class="bibl">Lys.21.21</span>; also, [[pray for]] a thing [[from]]... τοῖς θεοῖς πολλὰ ἀγαθὰ ὑπέρ τινος <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>2.2.10</span>; <b class="b3">τοῖς θεοῖς πολυκαρπίαν</b> ib.<span class="bibl">3.14.3</span>; δεινὸν κατά τινος <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">Abd.</span>32</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> [[vow]] or [[promise to]] do... c. fut. inf., εὔχομαι ἐξελάαν κύνας <span class="bibl">Il.8.526</span>; θεοῖσι… ἑκατόμβας ῥέξειν <span class="bibl">Od.17.50</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Il.4.101</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phd.</span>58b</span>, <span class="title">IG</span>12.108.55, 22.112.6 (iv B.C.): c. aor. inf., <b class="b3">εὔχετο πάντ' ἀποδοῦναι</b> [[claimed]] (the right) to pay in full, <span class="bibl">Il.18.499</span> (unless in signf. <span class="bibl">111.3</span>): c. pres.inf., <b class="b3">ηὔξω θεοῖς… ἂν ὧδ' ἔρδειν τάδε</b>; <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>933</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>1032</span> codd. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> c. acc. rei, [[vow]] a thing, πολλῶν πατησμὸν εἱμάτων <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>963</span>; ἱερεῖον <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Av.</span>1619</span>; [λύχνον] περὶ παιδός <span class="bibl">Call.<span class="title">Epigr.</span>56.3</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> <b class="b3">εὔ. κατά τινος</b> of the thing vowed (as though on the altar), εὔ. τοῖς θεοῖς κατὰ ἑκατόμβης <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Mar.</span>26</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">2.294b</span>; κατὰ νικητηρίων <span class="bibl">D.<span class="title">Ep.</span>1.16</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">III</span> [[profess loudly]], [[boast]], [[vaunt]], οὕτω φησὶ καὶ εὔχεται, οὕνεκ' Ἀχιλλεὺς νηυσὶν ἔπι γλαφυρῇσι μένει <span class="bibl">Il.14.366</span>; εὑρεῖν <span class="bibl">Emp. 2.6</span>: mostly, not of empty boasting, but of something of which one has a right to be proud, ταύτης τοι γενεῆς τε καὶ αἵματος εὔχομαι εἶναι <span class="bibl">Il.6.211</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">8.190</span>; πατρὸς δ' ἐξ ἀγαθοῦ καὶ ἐγὼ γένος εὔχομαι εἶναι <span class="bibl">14.113</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Grg.</span>449a</span>: rarely without inf., <b class="b3">ἐκ Κρητάων γένος εὔχομαι</b> (sc. <b class="b3">εἶναι</b>) <span class="bibl">Od.14.199</span>; τὸ πατρόθεν ἐκ Διὸς εὔχονται <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>7.23</span>, cf.<span class="bibl"><span class="title">P.</span> 4.97</span>; <b class="b3">πόρτις εὔχεται βοός</b> (sc. <b class="b3">εἶναι</b>) <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Supp.</span>314</span>; ἔνθεν εὔχομαι γένος <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Fr.</span>696</span>; but also, </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> [[boast vainly]], [[brag]], εὔχεαι αὔτως <span class="bibl">Il.11.388</span>: c. inf., εὔ. δῃώσειν <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>1318</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> simply, [[profess]] or [[declare]], ἱκέτης δέ τοι εὔ. εἶναι <span class="bibl">Od.5.450</span>; οὔτ' ὦν ἀκοῦσαι οὔτ' ἰδεῖν εὔχοντο <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>6.53</span>; <b class="b3">τίς χθὼν εὔχεται ἥδε [εἶναι</b>]; <span class="bibl">A.R.4.1251</span>; cf. supr.<span class="bibl">11.1</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">IV</span> Pass., <b class="b3">ἐμοὶ μετρίως ηὖκται</b> I [[have prayed]] sufficiently, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phdr.</span>279c</span>: pf.inf., ταῦτα μὲν ηὖχθαι <span class="title">IG</span>22.112.12 (iv B.C.); <b class="b3">ἡ πανήγυρις ἡ… εὐχθεῖσα</b> [[vowed]], <span class="bibl">D.C.48.32</span>: but plpf. (or non-thematic preterite) <b class="b3">ηὔγμην</b> in act. sense, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Tr.</span>610</span>; so εὖκτο <span class="bibl">Thebaïs <span class="title">Fr.</span>3</span>. (Cf. Skt. [[óhate]] 'to (be able to) boast that one is', 'to brag', Avest. [[aog]]- 'declare solemnly'.)</span>

|etymtx=Grammatical information: v.<br />Meaning: 1. [[proclaim]], [[boast]] (Il.); 2. [[promise solemnly]] (Il.; also e. g. Pl. Ph. 58b); 3. [[pray]] (Il.);<br />Other forms: Aor. <b class="b3">εὔξασθαι</b>, pret. <b class="b3">εὖκτο</b> (s. below)<br />Dialectal forms: Myc. [[euketo]] (= <b class="b3">εὔχεται</b>), [[declare]].<br />Compounds: often with prefix, <b class="b3">ἀπ-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐπ-</b>, <b class="b3">κατ-</b>, <b class="b3">προσ-</b>, <b class="b3">συν-</b> a. o.;<br />Derivatives: <b class="b3">εὖχος</b> [[glory]] (cf. <b class="b3">κλέος</b>), rarely and secondarily [[fulfilment of a prayer]] (Il.); <b class="b3">εὑχωλή</b> [[proclamation]], [[boast]], [[vow]], [[prayer]] (Il.; also Arc. Cypr., Bechtel Dial. 1, 391 aund 447) with <b class="b3">εὑχωλιμαῖος</b> [[bound by a vow]] (Hdt. 2, 63; cf. Chantraine Formation 49, Mélanges [[Maspero]] II 221); <b class="b3">εὑχή</b> [[vow]], [[prayer]] (κ 526); <b class="b3">εὔγματα</b> pl. [[boasts]] (χ 249), [[vow]], [[prayer]] (Trag., Call.); cf. <b class="b3">ῥήματα</b>; <b class="b3">πρόσ-ευξις</b> [[prayer]] (Orph.). Verbal adj. <b class="b3">εὑκτός</b> [[asked for]] (Ξ 98 <b class="b3">εὑκτά</b> n. pl.), [[desired]] (att.); with <b class="b3">ἀπ-ευκτός</b>, <b class="b3">πολύ-ευκτος</b> (A.); also <b class="b3">ἀπ-</b>, <b class="b3">πολυ-εύχετος</b> (A., h. Cer. usw.); <b class="b3">εὑκταῖος</b> [[containing a prayer]] (trag. etc.); <b class="b3">εὑκτικός</b> [[belonging to a prayer]], <b class="b3">ἡ εὑκτική</b> (<b class="b3">ἔγκλισις</b>) = ([[modus]]) [[optativus]] (hell.); <b class="b3">εὑκτήριος</b> [[belonging to the prayer]], <b class="b3">-ιον</b> n. [[house of prayer]] (Just.); on <b class="b3">-τικός</b> : <b class="b3">-τήριος</b> Chantraine Formation 13. - Polyinterpretable is the 1. member in <b class="b3">Εὑχ-ήνωρ</b> (Ν 663), s. Sommer Nominalkomp. 175. - Lengthened forms of the present-stem <b class="b3">εὑχετόωντο</b>, <b class="b3">-τάασθαι</b> = <b class="b3">εὔχοντο</b>, <b class="b3">-εσθαι</b> (Il.); explanation uncertain, s. Leumann Hom. Wörter 182ff., Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 358. - On <b class="b3">εὖχος</b>, <b class="b3">εὑχή</b>, <b class="b3">εὑχωλή</b> etx. s. Porzig Satzinhalte 231f., 235, Chantraine Formation 183, 418f.; also G. Steinkopf Unters. zu d. Geschichte d. Ruhmes bei d. Griech. Diss. Halle 1937, M. Greindl <b class="b3">Κλέος</b>, <b class="b3">κῦδος</b>, <b class="b3">εὖχος</b>, <b class="b3">τιμή</b>, <b class="b3">φάτις</b>, <b class="b3">δόξα</b>. Diss. München 1938.<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [348] <b class="b2">*h₁eugʷʰ-</b> [[speak solemnly]]<br />Etymology: <b class="b3">εὔχομαι</b> is identical with Av. <b class="b2">aoǰaite</b> [[solemnly proclaim]], [[invoke]], Skt. <b class="b2">óhate</b> [[boast]], [[praise]], IE <b class="b2">*h₁éughetai</b> or <b class="b2">*h₁éugʷhetai</b> (with <b class="b2">gʷ̯ʰ</b> > <b class="b3">χ</b> after <b class="b3">υ</b>); an old term of the religious language. Beside it the athematic preterite 3. sg. <b class="b3">εὖκτο</b> (Thebaïs Fr. 3) = GAv. [[aogǝdā]], LAv. [[aoxta]]; also 1. sg. <b class="b3">εὔγμην</b> (S. Tr. 610)?; s. the lit. in Schwyzer 679 n. 6. - Against <b class="b2">eugh-</b> or <b class="b2">eugʷʰ-</b> in <b class="b3">εὔχεται</b> stands in Lat. [[voveō]] [[solemnly promise]], [[implore]], Skt. <b class="b2">vāghát-</b> [[the vower]], [[who prays]], IE <b class="b2">u̯egʷʰ-</b>; semantically diverging or phonetically uncertain are Arm. [[uzem]] [[I will]], [[y-uzem]] [[I search]], [[gog]] <b class="b2">say!</b>. - Cf. W.-Hofmann s. [[voveō]].