θύω: Difference between revisions

|Definition=(A), impf. <b class="b3">ἔθυον</b>, Ep. <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> θῦον <span class="bibl">Od.15.222</span>, Ion. θύεσκον <span class="bibl">Hippon. 37</span>: fut. <b class="b3">θύσω [ῡ</b>] <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">El.</span>1141</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>909d</span>, <span class="bibl">Henioch.5.10</span>, Dor. θυσῶ <span class="bibl">Theoc. 2.33</span>; 3pl. θυσέοντι <span class="title">IG</span>12(3).452 (Thera): aor. ἔθῡσα <span class="bibl">Od.9.231</span>, etc., Ep. θῦσα <span class="bibl">14.446</span>: pf. τέθῠκα <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Lys.</span>1062</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>328c</span>:—Med., fut. θύσομαι <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Heracl.</span>340</span> (as Pass., <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.197</span>): aor. ἐθυσάμην <span class="bibl">Th.4.92</span>, (ἐκ-) <span class="bibl">Hdt.6.91</span>, etc.:—Pass., fut. τῠθήσομαι <span class="bibl">D.S.16.91</span>, <span class="bibl">Luc. <span class="title">DDeor.</span>4.2</span>: aor. <b class="b3">ἐτύθην [ῠ</b>] <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.216</span>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ch.</span>242</span>, <span class="bibl">Philem.155.2</span> (part. written θυθέν <span class="bibl">Men.<span class="title">Sam.</span>185</span>, cf. τὴν βοῦν τὴν θυθεῖσαν <span class="title">IG</span>12(7).241 (Amorgos, iii B.C.), etc.): pf. τέθῠμαι <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Eu.</span>341</span> (lyr.), <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Av.</span>1034</span>, <span class="bibl">X. <span class="title">HG</span>3.5.5</span> (in med. sense, <span class="bibl">5.1.18</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">An.</span>7.8.21</span>): plpf. ἐτέθῠτο <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">HG</span>3.1.23</span>. [ῡ in fut. and aor., ῠ in pf. Act. and Pass., and aor. Pass.; ῡ generally in pres. and impf., exc. in trisyll. cases of part., θῠοντα <span class="bibl">Od.15.260</span>, θύοντες <span class="bibl"><span class="title">h.Ap.</span>491</span>, but θύεσκε <span class="bibl">Hippon. 37</span>; <b class="b3">ἔθύε, θύων</b>, <span class="bibl">Pi. <span class="title">O.</span>10(11).57</span>,<span class="bibl">13.69</span>; <b class="b3">θύειν</b>, at the end of a line, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">El.</span>1141</span> (s.v. l., fort. <b class="b3">θύη</b>), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Cyc.</span>334</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ach.</span>792</span> (spoken by a Megarian); <b class="b3">θύεις, θύω</b>, <span class="bibl">Strato Com.1.19</span>, <span class="bibl">20</span>; <b class="b3">θύωντι</b> 3pl. pres. subj., <span class="bibl">Theoc.4.21</span>.] </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">I</span> Act., [[offer by burning]] meat or drink to the gods (τὸ θύειν δωρεῖσθαί ἐστι τοῖς θεοῖς <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Euthphr.</span>14c</span>), θεοῖσι δὲ θῦσαι ἀνώγει Πάτροκλον... ὁ δ' ἐν πυρὶ βάλλε θυηλάς <span class="bibl">Il.9.219</span>, cf. Aristarch. ap. Sch.adloc., <span class="title">Com.Adesp.</span>7D. (ap. <span class="bibl">Phryn.<span class="title">PS</span>p.74</span> B.); <b class="b3">ἦ ῥα καὶ ἄρ γματα θῦσε θεοῖς</b>, of a drink-offering, <span class="bibl">Od.14.446</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">15.260</span>; so <b class="b3">ἔνθα δὲ πῦρ κήαντες ἐθύσαμεν</b> (sc. <b class="b3">τῶν τυρῶν</b>) [[made an offering]] of cheese, <span class="bibl">9.231</span>; θ. ἀκρόθινα <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>10(11).57</span>; <b class="b3">πέλανον, δεῖπνα</b>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pers.</span>204</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Eu.</span>109</span>; <b class="b3">πυρούς, ναστούς</b>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Av.</span>565</span>, <span class="bibl">567</span>: c. dat. rei, <b class="b3">θ. τούτῳ ὅ τι ἔχοι ἕκαστος</b> (with v.l. [[τοῦτο]]) <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.50</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> [[sacrifice]], [[slay]] a victim, [<b class="b3">τῷ ἡλίῳ] θ. ἵππους</b> (v.l. [[ἵπποισι]]) ib. <span class="bibl">216</span>; ταῦρον <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>13.69</span>; αὑτοῦ παῖδα <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>1417</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">El.</span>532</span>, etc.; ἱρά <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.59</span>; ἱερεῖα <span class="bibl">Th.1.126</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">θ. θῦμα, θυσίαν</b>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Plt.</span>290e</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">R.</span> 362c</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">θ. διαβατήρια, ἐπινίκια</b>, etc., <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Luc.</span>24</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Smp.</span>173a</span>, etc.:—Pass., <b class="b3">τὰ τεθυμένα</b> [[the flesh of the victim]], <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span>4.3.14</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">τὰ τεθ. ἱερά</b> ib.<span class="bibl">3.5.5</span>; τὰ θυόμενα <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Lac.</span>15.3</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">b</span> simply, [[slaughter]], <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.126</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Lys.</span>1062</span>, <span class="bibl">LXX<span class="title">Is.</span>22.13</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> abs., [[offer sacrifice]], <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.31</span>.al., <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>594</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Fr.</span>161.2</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>1159</span>; <b class="b3">τοῖσι θεοῖσι θ</b>. <span class="bibl">Pherecr. 23</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Hdt.4.60</span>, <span class="bibl">8.138</span>; θεῶν ἕνεκα <span class="bibl">Men.129.1</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">4</span> [[celebrate]] with offerings or sacrifices, <b class="b3">σῶστρα θ</b>. <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.118</span>; γενέθλια Pl.<span class="title">Alc.</span>1.121c; Λύκαια, Ἡράκλεια <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>1.2.10</span>, <span class="bibl">D.19.86</span>; ἐλευθέρια <span class="bibl">Henioch.5.10</span>; γάμους <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Pomp.</span>55</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">5</span> c. dupl.acc., <b class="b3">εὐαγγέλια θ. ἑκατὸν βοῦς</b> [[sacrifice]] a hundred oxen [[for]] the good news, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Eq.</span>656</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">6</span> <b class="b3">Ἑστίᾳ θύειν</b>, prov. of niggards, because sacrifices to Hestia admitted no one to share the offering, <span class="bibl">Theopomp.Com.28</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> Med., [[cause]] a victim [[to be offered]], τῶν θυμάτων ὧν δεῖ θύεσθαι καὶ παρίστασθαι <span class="title">IG</span>5(1).1390.65 (Andania, i B.C.), etc.: hence freq. abs., [[consult the gods]], <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.189</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Heracl.</span>340</span>; <b class="b3">ἐπὶ Κρότωνα, ἐπὶ τῷ Πέρσῃ</b>, i.e. on marching <b class="b2">against</b>…, <span class="bibl">Hdt.5.44</span>, <span class="bibl">9.10</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>7.8.21</span>; <b class="b3">θύεσθαι ἐπ' ἐξόδῳ</b> ib. <span class="bibl">6.4.9</span>; <b class="b3">ὑπὲρ τῆς μονῆς</b> ib.<span class="bibl">5.6.27</span>: c. inf., <b class="b3">θ. ἰέναι</b> [[offer sacrifice]] [to learn] whether to go or not, ib.<span class="bibl">2.2.3</span>; also <b class="b3">ἐθυόμην εἰ βέλτιον εἴη</b> ib.<span class="bibl">6.1.31</span> (so in Act., <b class="b3">ἔθυε</b> (v.l. [[ἐθύετο]]) <b class="b3"> τῷ Διί… πότερά οἱ λῷον καὶ ἄμεινον εἴη</b>… ib.<span class="bibl">7.6.44</span>); <b class="b3">διαβατήρια θύεσθαι</b>, as in Act., <span class="bibl">Th.5.54</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> metaph., [[tear in pieces]], of wild beasts, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>137</span> (lyr.). (Hence <b class="b3">θυμός</b>, cf. Skt.[[dhūmás]], Lat. [[fumus]] 'smoke', <b class="b3">θυμιάω, θύος, θυήλημα, τύφω</b>, perh. <b class="b3">θεῖον</b> (A), Lat. [[suffire]]; cf. sq.)</span><br /><span class="bld">θύω</span> (B) [ῡ], aor. <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> ἔθῡσα <span class="bibl">Call.<span class="title">Fr.</span>82</span>:—[[rage]], [[seethe]], ἄνεμος μὲν ἐπαύσατο λαίλαπι θύων <span class="bibl">Od.12.400</span>; <b class="b3">Ζέφυρος μεγάλῃ σὺν λαίλαπι θύων</b> ib. <span class="bibl">408</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Op.</span>621</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Th.</span>874</span>; of a swollen river, <b class="b3">ὁ δ' ἐπέσσυτο οἴδματι θύων</b> [[seething]], <span class="bibl">Il.21.234</span>; <b class="b3">ὑψόσε θύων</b> ib.<span class="bibl">324</span>; of a wind-swept sea, ὁ δ' ἔστενεν οἴδματι θύων <span class="bibl">23.230</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Th.</span>109</span>,<span class="bibl">131</span>; of the wake of a ship, κῦμα δ' ὄπισθε πορφύρεον μέγα θῦε <span class="bibl">Od.13.85</span>; <b class="b3">δάπεδον δ' ἅπαν αἵματι θῦεν</b> the ground [[seethed]] with blood, <span class="bibl">11.420</span>, <span class="bibl">22.309</span>; of persons, [[storm]], [[rage]], ἦ γὰρ ὅ γ' ὀλοιῇσι φρεσὶ θύει <span class="bibl">Il.1.342</span>; ἔγχεϊ θῦεν <span class="bibl">11.180</span>; κασιγνήτα μένει θύοισα <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>3.33</span>; θύουσαν Ἅιδου μητέρα <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span> 1235</span>; πυκνὰ δέ οἱ κραδίη ἔντοσθεν ἔθυεν <span class="bibl">A.R.3.755</span> (v.l. [[ἔθυιεν]]): c.inf., [[desire eagerly]], <b class="b3">ἐνισπεῖν</b> ib.<span class="bibl">685</span>; of a horse, <span class="bibl">Call.<span class="title">Fr.</span>82</span>; of a serpent, <span class="bibl">Nic.<span class="title">Th.</span>129</span> (v.l. [[θυίῃσι]]). [ῡ always: for <b class="b3">θύμενος [ῠ</b>] is f.l. for [[σύμενος]] in Pratin.Lyr.<span class="bibl">1.4</span>.] <b class="b3">θυίω</b> (q. v.) should perh. be preferred in later Ep., and is cj. in Pi.l.c. (Cf. Lett. [[dusmas]] (pl.) 'anger', [[dusēt]] 'puff', 'pant', Lat. [[fǔro]] (fr. <b class="b2">dhǔs-</b>), <b class="b3">θύελλα, θυίω, θυιάς</b> (orig. [[madwoman]]); prob. cogn. with foreg.)</span>

|etymtx=1.<br />Grammatical information: v.<br />Meaning: <b class="b2">rush in, sethe, storm, rage</b> (Il.)<br />Other forms: also <b class="b3">θυίω</b> (Hom., h. Merc. 560; cf. Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 51 and 372), <b class="b3">θύνω</b> (Il.), ipf. also <b class="b3">ε᾽θύνεον</b> (Hes.), aor. <b class="b3">ἔθυσα</b> (Call. Fr. 82),<br />Compounds: rarely with prefix, <b class="b3">ἀνα-</b>, <b class="b3">ὑπερ-</b>,<br />Derivatives: <b class="b3">θυ(ι)άς</b>, <b class="b3">-άδος</b> f. "the storming one", [[thyiade]], [[Bacchante]] (A., Tim.), also <b class="b3">θυῖα</b> f. (Str. 10, 3, 10 [and S. Ant. 1151, lyr.?]; cf. Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 95); <b class="b3">Θυῖα</b> n. name of a Dionysos-feast in Elis (Paus. 6, 26, 1), <b class="b3">Θυιος</b> name of a Thessal. and Boeotian month (inscr.); <b class="b3">Θυώνη</b> surn. of Semele (h. Hom., Sapph., Pi.); also <b class="b3">θύστα θυῖα</b> and <b class="b3">θυστάδες νύμφαι τινές</b>, <b class="b3">αἱ ἔνθεοι</b>, <b class="b3">καὶ Βάκχαι</b> H.; <b class="b3">Θυστήριος</b> surn. of Bakchos (EM); <b class="b3">θῦνος πόλεμος</b>, <b class="b3">ὁρμή</b>, <b class="b3">δρόμος</b> H. (from <b class="b3">θύνω</b>; not = Skt. ptc. <b class="b2">dhūna-</b>); <b class="b3">θῦσις</b> (Pl. Kra. 419e as explanation of <b class="b3">θυμός</b>). Deverbat.: <b class="b3">θυάω</b> [[be rutty]], [[of swines]] (Arist.; after <b class="b3">βακχάω</b>, <b class="b3">μαργάω</b> a. o.; s. Schwyzer 726 n. 2). Unclear <b class="b3">θυωθείς μανείς</b>, <b class="b3">ὁρμήσας</b> H. - On [[θύελλα]] and [[θύσθλα]] s. v. Here also <b class="b3">θυάκται</b> m. pl. (Troizen IIa), if = [[mystae sive thiasotae]]; cf Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 174; DELG refers this to <b class="b3">θύω 2.</b><br />Origin: XX [etym. unknown]<br />Etymology: <b class="b3">θύνω</b> has been analysed as <b class="b3">*θύ-νϜ-ω</b> (with <b class="b3">ἐθύνεον</b> < <b class="b3">*ἐ-θύ-νεϜ-ον</b>), an old <b class="b3">νυ-</b>present and identified with Skt. <b class="b2">dhū-nó-ti</b> [[schütteln]] (Schwyzer 696 a. n. 2). But I don't see what <b class="b2">schütteln</b> has to do with our verb. - For <b class="b3">θυστάδες</b>, <b class="b3">θύσθλα</b> one posited a stem <b class="b3">θυσ-</b>, which has also been posited for <b class="b3">θυίω</b>, if from <b class="b3">*θύσ-ι̯ω</b> (Schulze Q. 313 n. 5, Fraenkel Nom. ag. 2, 37; diff. J. Schmidt KZ 27, 294f.; s. also Schwyzer 686 ε). It is however not certain that this supposed <b class="b3">*θυσ-</b> has anything to do with our verb. This <b class="b3">*θυσ-</b> has been connected with Lat. [[fur-ō]], <b class="b2">-ere</b>, s. W.-Hofmann s. v., where also other interpretations are given; we can therefore better leave [[furo]] on itself. See also 2. <b class="b3">θύω</b>. - The hesitation between <b class="b3">θύω</b> 1 and <b class="b3">θύω</b> 2 shows how uncertain the interpretation is. I wonder whether <b class="b3">*θυσ-</b> is not of foreign origin. Note rare forms or meanings as <b class="b3">θύστα</b>, <b class="b3">θυτάδες</b>, <b class="b3">θυάω</b>. Pok. 261ff. gives anenormous amount of forms and meanings, but no close parallel for the meaning of <b class="b3">θύω</b> 1. In the present situation, without further research, nothing can be said.<br />2.<br />Grammatical information: v.<br />Meaning: [[offer by burning]], [[sacrifice]], [[slaughter]] (Il.); in LSJ <b class="b3">θύω Α</b>.<br />Other forms: fut. <b class="b3">θύσω</b>, aor. <b class="b3">θῦσαι</b> (Il.), <b class="b3">τυθῆναι</b> (Hdt.), perf. <b class="b3">τέθυκα</b>, <b class="b3">τέθυμαι</b> (Att.),<br />Compounds: often with prefix, e. g. <b class="b3">ἐκ-</b>, <b class="b3">κατα-</b>, <b class="b3">προ-</b>, <b class="b3">συν-</b>,<br />Derivatives: Derivations partly show the older meaning [[smoke]], [[incense]] (s. below) : 1. <b class="b3">θῦμα</b> [[offer]] (IA etc.); 2. <b class="b3">ἔκ-</b>, <b class="b3">πρό-θυσις</b> from <b class="b3">ἐκ-</b>, <b class="b3">προ-θύω</b> (late); 3. <b class="b3">θυσία</b> s. below on <b class="b3">θύτης</b>; 4. [[θύος]] n. with [[θυέστης]] a. o. [[incense]], s. v.; 5. <b class="b3">θύον</b> [[life-tree]], s. v.; 6. <b class="b3">θυητά</b> n. pl. [[incense]] (Aret.; on the formation cf. <b class="b3">θυηλη</b> s.v.); 7. <b class="b3">θυ(ε)ία</b> f. [[strong smelling ceder]], [[thuya]] with <b class="b3">θυῖον</b> n. [[resin]] (Thphr.); formation unclear; to <b class="b3">θύος</b> (s. v.)? 8. <b class="b3">θύτης</b> m. [[offerer]] (hell.; <b class="b3">ἐκ-θύτης</b> from <b class="b3">ἐκ-θύω</b> E.); <b class="b3">θύτας</b> (Thess.), with <b class="b3">θυτεῖον</b> [[offerplace]] (Aeschin.), <b class="b3">θυτικός</b> [[belonging to an offer]] (hell., directly from <b class="b3">θύω</b>), <b class="b3">θυσία</b> [[offer]], [[offerfeast]] (h. Cer.; cf. Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 224, Porzig Satzinhalte 200); from there <b class="b3">θυσιάζω</b> [[offer]] with <b class="b3">θυσίασμα</b>, <b class="b3">-αστήριος</b>, <b class="b3">-ον</b>; 9. <b class="b3">θυτήρ</b> m. <b class="b2">id.</b> (trag.) with <b class="b3">θυτήριον</b> [[sacrificial animal]] (E.), also [[altar]], name of the constellation [[Ara]] (Arat.; Scherer Gestirnnamen 192); 10. <b class="b3">θύστας ὁ ἱερεὺς παρὰ Κρησί</b> H., f. <b class="b3">θυστάς</b>, <b class="b3">-άδος</b> [[belonging to the sacrifice]] (A., S.; Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 182; 2, 37, E. Kretschmer Glotta 18, 85); 11. <b class="b3">θύστρα</b> n. = <b class="b3">θύματα</b> (Kos); 12. <b class="b3">θυ</b><<b class="b3">σ</b>><b class="b3">τηρίοις θυμιατηρίοις</b> H.; 13. <b class="b3">θυσμικός</b> [[regarding the sacrifice]] (<b class="b3">ἔτος</b>; Paros, Tenos); the <b class="b3">-σ-</b> in the last words hardly with Schulze Q. 320 n. 1 and Fraenkel l. c. from the <b class="b3">σ-</b>stem in <b class="b3">θύος</b>, but rather with Solmsen KZ 29, 114 analogical [to what?] (cf. <b class="b3">μύστης</b> a. o.). - With <b class="b3">λ-</b>, resp. <b class="b3">μ-</b>suffix in <b class="b3">θυηλη</b>, <b class="b3">θυμός</b>, [[θύμον]], [not in <b class="b3">θυμάλωψ</b>], s. vv.; with <b class="b3">μελ-</b>suffix (Frisk Eranos 41, 51) <b class="b3">θυμέλη</b> [[hearth]], [[altar]] (trag.; not with Aly Glotta 5, 60ff. prop. "practice-ground" from 1. <b class="b3">θύω</b> [[storm]]) with <b class="b3">θυμελικός</b>.<br />Origin: XX [etym. unknown]<br />Etymology: The regular stemformation of <b class="b3">θύω</b> will be the resultof inner-Greek adjustment. The original paradigma can no longer be reconstructed. As the nearest parallel is given Lat. [[suf-fiō]], <b class="b2">-īre</b> [[incense]], explained from <b class="b2">*-dhu̯-ii̯ō</b>, which is of course very far away. - It is often supposed that 1. <b class="b3">θύω</b> and 2. <b class="b3">θύω</b> were originally identical, but this is far from clear; one assumes a development like <b class="b2">stieben, stäuben, wirbeln, stürmen, rauchen</b> v. t., but this can well be wrong . The different languages show a mass of formations and meanings which can no longer be interpreted, see Pok. 261-267, (268-271). - S. further <b class="b3">τύφω</b>. <b class="b3">θάνατος</b>, <b class="b3">θολός</b>, <b class="b3">ἀθύρω</b> have nothing to do with our verb.- P. Pagot, RPh LXXV (2001) 144 connects Hitt. [[tuhhae]] [[pant]], [[sigh]] from <b class="b2">*dʰ(e)uh₂-</b>, which is however very far as regards the meaning.