μαλθακός: Difference between revisions

|Definition=ή, όν, Aeol. μόλθακος Alc.<span class="title">Oxy.</span>1789.1 ii 3:— <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> [[soft]], </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">I</span> of things subject to touch, ἄνθεα <span class="bibl"><span class="title">h.Hom.</span>30.15</span>; <b class="b3">δρόσος, γυῖα</b>, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>5.99</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">N.</span>4.4</span>; γνόφαλλον <span class="bibl">Alc.34</span>; τύλα Sapph.50; <b class="b3">σιαγόνας μαλθακὰς τίθησι</b>, of a boxer, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Fr.</span>112</span>; <b class="b3">μέχρις οὗ</b> (ευ Pap.)… τὸ βρέγμα τῷ σκίπωνι μαλθακὸν θῶμαι <span class="bibl">Herod.8.8</span>; of ground, [[stoneless]], χῶρός ἐστι μ. <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Fr.</span>199.5</span>; τὰ μ. γαίας <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hipp.</span>1226</span>; χρώς <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Med.</span>1075</span>; <b class="b3">μ. τινά</b>, opp. <b class="b3">στερεόν</b>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phdr.</span>239c</span>; <b class="b3">μ. ὕδατα</b>, of [[marsh]] water, Hp.Aër.1; <b class="b3">μ. πῦρ</b> a [[slow]] fire, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ulc.</span>12</span>; <b class="b3">μ. νηδύες</b> [[relaxed]], Id.Aër.<span class="bibl">7</span>: Comp. ωτέρα σικυοῦ <span class="bibl">Theopomp.Com.72</span>: Sup., <span class="bibl">Eup.319</span>. Adv. -<b class="b3">κῶς, κατακεῖσθαι</b> to recline [[on soft cushions]], <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ach.</span>70</span>; <b class="b3">φιλήσατόν με μ</b>. ib. <span class="bibl">1200</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> mostly metaph., [[faint-hearted]], [[cowardly]], αἰχμητής <span class="bibl">Il. 17.588</span>; ὄκνος Alc.<span class="title">Oxy.</span>l.c.; μηδὲ μ. γένῃ <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Eu.</span>74</span>; τὸ μ. βίου <span class="bibl">E. <span class="title">Supp.</span>883</span>; <b class="b3">μ. τι ἐνδιδόναι</b> show signs of [[relenting]], <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Hel.</span>508</span>; also, [[weak]], [[feeble]], <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">V.</span>714</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">b</span> = [[κίναιδος]], Cael.Aur.<span class="title">TP</span>4.131. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> in good sense, [[gentle]], [[mild]], ὕπνος <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Fr.</span>121.4</span>; μαλθακὰ κωτίλλων <span class="bibl">Thgn.852</span>; <b class="b3">οἶνος ὡς -ώτατος</b> [[mild]], [[weak]], <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Morb.</span>2.44</span>; <b class="b3">μ. φωνά, ἀοιδά, κοινωνία, φθέγμα</b>, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>4.137</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">N.</span>9.49</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">P.</span>1.98</span>,<span class="bibl">8.31</span>; μ. ὀμμάτων βέλος <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>742</span> (lyr.); μ. λόγοι <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>629</span>; γῆρυς <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Av.</span>233</span> (lyr.); <b class="b3">ἐς τὸ μ. προσάγεσθαι</b> to bring to [[a mild temper]], <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Or.</span>714</span>; <b class="b3">ὀργὴ γέροντος μ</b>. [[mellow]] temper, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Fr.</span>894</span>; μεταστρέφεσθαι πρὸς τὸ -ώτερον <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ra.</span> 539</span> (lyr.); of pain, -<b class="b3">ωτέρας ποιεῖν [τὰς ὠδῖνας</b>] <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Tht.</span>149d</span>. Adv. [[gently]], [[mildly]], τὸν κρατοῦντα -κῶς <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>951</span>; σκληρὰ μ. λέγειν <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span> 774</span>: neut. as Adv., μαλθακόν σφ' ἐπόψεται <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>1642</span>: Comp. -ωτέρως<b class="b3">, παραμυθούμενοι</b> Pl <span class="title">Sph.</span>230a.—Mainly poet., esp. Lyr. and Trag. (<b class="b3">μαλακός</b> being the Prose word), but also in Hp. and Pl.</span>

|etymtx=Grammatical information: adj.<br />Meaning: [[weak]], [[tender]], [[soft]], [[mild]] (P588, also Hp., Pl.).<br />Other forms: Aeol. <b class="b3">μόλθακος</b> (Alc.)<br />Derivatives: <b class="b3">μαλθακία</b> [[weakness]] (Pl. R. 590 b); <b class="b3">μαλθακώδης</b> [[weakening]] (Hp., Gal.), <b class="b3">μαλθάκινος</b> = <b class="b3">μαλθακός</b> (AP). Denomin. verbs: 1. <b class="b3">μαλθάσσω</b> = <b class="b3">μαλάσσω</b> (Hp., trag.) with <b class="b3">μαλθακ-τήριον -τικός</b>, <b class="b3">-ξις</b> (medic.). 2. <b class="b3">μαλθακίζομαι</b> [[be]], [[become weak]] (A., E., Pl., Gal.). 3. <b class="b3">μαλθακύνω</b> = <b class="b3">μαλακύνω</b> (sch.). 4. Also <b class="b3">μαλθάζω</b> (Aret.), <b class="b3">-αίνω</b> (Stob.) = <b class="b3">μαλθάσσω</b>, both prob. through suffixchange and not to <b class="b3">μάλθη</b>, <b class="b3">μάλθων</b> (s. v.) with Debrunner IF 21, 20f. and Solmsen Wortforsch. 56 n.1. -- Not here [[μάλθη]] (s.v.) (Cratin. 204), [[mix of wax and pitch]]; from this <b class="b3">μάλθη</b> (?), <b class="b3">μαλθώδης</b> = <b class="b3">μαλακτικὸς η κηρώδης</b> (Hp. ap. Gal.); <b class="b3">μάλθων</b> m. [[weakling]] (Sokr. ap. Stob.); <b class="b3">Μάλθιον</b> womans name (Paros); <b class="b3">μαλθώσω μαλακώσω</b> H. Here also <b class="b3">ἐπίμαλθα ἀγαθά</b>, <b class="b3">προσηνῆ</b>. <b class="b3">η μαλακά</b>, <b class="b3">η ἀσθενῆ λίαν</b> H. must be a kind of derailment.<br />Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]<br />Etymology: Formation like <b class="b3">μαλακός</b>; the two synonymous adj. may have influenced each other. If <b class="b3">μαλακός</b> belongs with <b class="b3">βλάξ</b>, <b class="b3">μαλθακός</b> must be an innovation(?). In [[μάλθη]] (s.v.) Solmsen Wortforsch. 55 wants to see the fem. of an original adj. <b class="b3">*μαλθός</b> [[weak]], which would also have left traces in <b class="b3">μάλθων</b> (with <b class="b3">μαλθακός</b> from <b class="b2">-n̥-ko-</b>) etc.; this last seems an improbable construction. - Outside of Greek a possible cognate may be the Germ. word for [[mild]], e.g. OHG [[milti]], Goth. [[unmildjai]] <b class="b3">ἄστοργοι</b>'; also Skt. <b class="b2">márdhati</b> [[neglect]], IE <b class="b2">*meldh-</b>; WP. 2, 289, Pok. 719. -- Cf. <b class="b3">ἀμαλθύνω</b>. - The word must be Pre-Greek, as <b class="b3">μαλθ-</b> cannot be explained from IE <b class="b2">*meldʰ-</b>; this is confirmed by the variant <b class="b3">μόλθακος</b>.