μόνος: Difference between revisions

|Definition=η, ον, Ep. and Ion. μοῦνος, the only form used by Hom. (as in all derivs. exc. <b class="b3">μονόω</b>), Hes., and Hdt., also by <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>9.27</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">I.</span>5(4).12</span>, <span class="bibl">B.3.80</span>, al., by S. both in iamb. and lyr., by A. only in compd. <b class="b3">μουνώψ</b>, by E. only in <b class="b3">μούναρχος</b>: Dor. μῶνος <span class="bibl">Theoc.2.64</span>, <span class="bibl">20.45</span>:—<span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> [[alone]], [[solitary]], μοῦνος ἐὼν πολέσιν μετὰ Καδμείοισιν <span class="bibl">Il.4.388</span>; ἢ ὅ γε μοῦνος ἐών <span class="bibl">Od.3.217</span>; μούνω ἄνευθ' ἄλλων <span class="bibl">16.239</span>: joined with <b class="b3">ἐρῆμος</b>, <span class="bibl">S. <span class="title">Ant.</span>887</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ph.</span>470</span>; μόνοι γὰρ ἐσμέν <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">JTr.</span>21</span>; ἄνθρωπος πρεσβύτης καὶ μ. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">BGU</span>180.23</span> (ii A.D.); φυγὴ μόνου πρὸς μόνον <span class="bibl">Plot.6.9.11</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> c. gen., <b class="b3">σοῦ μόνος</b> [[bereft of]] thee, [[without]] thee, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>511</span>; also μοῦνος ἀπ' ἄλλων <span class="bibl"><span class="title">h.Merc.</span>193</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>183</span> (lyr.); ἑτάρων ἄπο μ. <span class="bibl">A.R.3.908</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> [[only]], μοῦνον Λαέρτην Ἀρκείσιος υἱὸν ἔτικτε, μοῦνον δ' αὖτ' Ὀδυσῆα πατὴρ τέκεν <span class="bibl">Od.16.118</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Il.9.482</span>; μόνης γὰρ σοῦ κλύων ἀνέξεται <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pers.</span> 838</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">632</span> (anap.), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Pr.</span>425</span> (lyr.), etc.; <b class="b3">χοίνικος μόνας ἁλῶν</b> for a gallon of salt [[only]], <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ach.</span>814</span>; [[single]], οὐκ ἄρα μοῦνον ἔην Ἐρίδων γένος, ἀλλὰ… δύω <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Op.</span>11</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>1280</span>; <b class="b3">εἷς μοῦνος</b> or <b class="b3">μόνος</b>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.38</span>, <span class="bibl">S. <span class="title">OT</span>63</span>: once in Hom., μία μούνη <span class="bibl">Od.23.227</span>: joined with αὐτός, αὐτὼ μόνω <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ly.</span>211c</span>; αὐτοὶ καθ' αὑτοὺς μόνοι <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Plt.</span>307e</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> c. gen., <b class="b3">μοῦνος ποταμῶν</b> [[alone]] of rivers, <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.25</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">29</span>; μ. θεῶν γὰρ Θάνατος οὐ δώρων ἐρᾷ <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Fr.</span>161</span>; μ. τῶν ἄλλων ποιητῶν <span class="bibl">Lycurg.102</span>; but <b class="b3">μοῦνος πάντων ἀνθρώπων</b> he [[and no other]] of all men, <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.25</span>; <b class="b3">ἀνδρῶν γε μοῦνος</b> he [[and no other]], <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>1250</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">El.</span>531</span>; ὦ μόνα ὦ φίλα γυναικῶν <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Alc.</span>460</span> (lyr.). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> freq. repeated in the same clause, ξυμπεσὼν μόνος μόνοις <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>467</span>; <b class="b3">Ἕκτορος μόνος μόνου… ἐναντίος</b> ib.<span class="bibl">1283</span>; σὺν τέκνοις μόνη μόνοις <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Med.</span>513</span>; μόνος μόνῳ <span class="bibl">D.18.137</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">4</span> expressing rhetorically pre-eminence in an action or quality, <b class="b3">μόνα κατέχεσθαι ποιεῖ</b> are [[unique]] for causing possession, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Smp.</span>215c</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">222a</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>261</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">OT</span>299</span>, <span class="bibl">Isoc.14.57</span>; [ἐπέδειξε] σαφέστατα μόνος ἀνθρώπων <span class="bibl">Lys.24.9</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">III</span> Sup. <b class="b3">μονώτατος</b> [[one above all others]], <span class="bibl">Ar. <span class="title">Eq.</span>352</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Pl.</span>182</span>, <span class="bibl">Lycurg.89</span>, <span class="bibl">Theoc.15.137</span>, Phld.<span class="title">Rh.</span>1.350 S. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">IV</span> [[made in one piece]], τάπης <span class="title">Edict.Diocl.</span>19.23. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">B</span> Adv. μόνως, [[on one condition only]], folld. by <b class="b3">εἰ</b>, <span class="bibl">Th.8.81</span>, <span class="bibl">X. <span class="title">Mem.</span>1.5.5</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Cyr.</span>3.2.23</span>; [[in one way only]], <span class="bibl">Them.<span class="title">in Ph.</span>29.22</span>, al.; [[in a unique manner]], <span class="bibl">Dam.<span class="title">Pr.</span>98</span>: later, simply, [[only]], <span class="bibl">Phld.<span class="title">Oec.</span>p.53</span> J., <span class="bibl">Ph. 1.559</span>, <span class="title">AP</span>12.254 (Strat.), <span class="bibl">Iamb.<span class="title">Myst.</span>4.7</span>, <span class="bibl">Procl.<span class="title">in Prm.</span>p.479</span> S. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> neut. as Adv., <b class="b3">μόνον</b> [[alone]], [[only]], οὐχ ἅπαξ μ. <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>211</span>, etc.: freq. with imper., μ. φύλαξαι <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Supp.</span>1012</span>; ἀποκρίνου μ. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Grg.</span>494d</span>; so μ. Κράτος συγγένοιτό σοι <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ch.</span>244</span>; μὴ 'μὲ καταπίῃς μ. <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Cyc.</span>219</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">ἐὰν μ</b>. if [[only]], <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Pol.</span>1292a3</span>; <b class="b3">οὐσίαν... οὐ χωριστὴν μ</b>. [[only]] not separable, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Metaph.</span>1025b28</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b3">οὐ μόνον... ἀλλὰ καὶ</b>… <span class="bibl">Ar. <span class="title">Eq.</span> 1282</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>1.6.17</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">οὐ μ., ἀλλὰ</b>… <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>555</span>: <b class="b3">μόνον</b> is sts. omitted, μὴ τοὺς ἐγγύς, ἀλλὰ καὶ τοὺς ἄπωθεν <span class="bibl">Th.4.92</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hipp.</span>359</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ph.</span>1480</span> (lyr.). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> <b class="b3">μόνον οὐ</b> [[all but]], [[well nigh]], <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">V.</span>516</span>, <span class="bibl">D.19.220</span>, etc.; μόνον οὐκ ἐπὶ ταῖς κεφαλαῖς περιφέρουσι <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>600d</span>: in codd. freq. written <b class="b3">μονονού</b>, <span class="bibl">Plb.3.109.2</span>, etc.; μονονουχί <span class="bibl">D.1.2</span>, <span class="bibl">Plb.3.102.4</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">III</span> <b class="b3">κατὰ μόνας</b> [[alone]], <span class="bibl">Th.1.32</span>, <span class="bibl">37</span>, <span class="bibl">Is.7.38</span>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Pol.</span>1281b34</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">IV</span> <b class="b3">μόνῃ</b>, = [[μόνον]], Plu.2.583d codd. (Prob.from <b class="b3">*μόνϝος</b>.)</span>

|etymtx=Grammatical information: adj.<br />Meaning: [[alone]].<br />Other forms: ep. Ion. <b class="b3">μοῦνος</b>, Theoc. <b class="b3">μῶνος</b><br />Compounds: Very often as 1. member, e.g. <b class="b3">μόν-(μούν-)αρχος</b> m. [[monarch]] with <b class="b3">-έω</b>, <b class="b3">-ία</b> etc. (Thgn., Pi., IA; cf. Scheller KZ 74, 233 n. 1).<br />Derivatives: 1. <b class="b3">μονάς</b>, <b class="b3">μουνάς</b>, <b class="b3">-άδος</b> adj. f. (also m. Schwyzer 507, Chantraine Form. 358) [[lonely]] Trag., AP), subst. f. [[unity]] (Pl.; Schwyzer 597) with <b class="b3">μοναδ-ιαῖος</b> [[of uniform greatness]] (Hero), <b class="b3">-ικός</b> [[consisting of unities]], [[uniform]], [[individual]] (Arist.), <b class="b3">-ιστί</b> adv. [[in unities]] (Nicom.), <b class="b3">-ισμός</b> m. [[formation of unity]] (Dam.). -- 2. <b class="b3">μοναχ-ῃ̃</b> (Pl., X.), <b class="b3">-ῶς</b> (Arist.) [[only in one way]], <b class="b3">-οῦ</b> (Pl., Thphr.) [[onl in one place]]; adj. <b class="b3">μοναχός</b> [[individual]] (Arist., Epicur.), also m. [[hermit]], [[monk]] (AP, Procop.), Lat. [[monachus]], with f. <b class="b3">μονάχ-ουσα</b> (Jerusalem VIp), adj. <b class="b3">-ικός</b> [[belonging to a hermit]], [[monkish]] (Just., pap. VIp); subst. <b class="b3">μοναχισμός</b> [[monastic life]], cf. Leumann Sprachgesch. u. Wortbed. 304; <b class="b3">μοναχ-όω</b> [[get lonely]] (Aq.). -- 3. <b class="b3">μουνάξ</b> adv. [[lonely]], [[alone]] (Od., Arat.; to <b class="b3">μοναχοῦ</b> etc.?, Schwyzer 620), <b class="b3">μοναξία</b> [[lonelyness]] (sch., Eust.) from <b class="b3">*μοναξός</b> as <b class="b3">διξός</b> etc., PN <b class="b3">Μονάξιος</b> (Vp); Schulze KZ 33, 394f. = Kl. Schr. 313f., Schwyzer 598. -- 4. <b class="b3">μονιός</b>, <b class="b3">μούνιος</b> [[living alone]], [[wild]] (Call., AP ), <b class="b3">μονίας</b> m. [[lonely man]] (Ael.). -- 5. <b class="b3">μονία</b>, <b class="b3">-ίη</b> [[lonelyness]], [[celibate]] (Max.), <b class="b3">μονότης</b> f. [[unity]] (Sm., Iamb.), [[singularity]] (Alex. Aphr. in Metaph.). -- 6. <b class="b3">μουνόθεν</b> (Hdt. 1, 116; v. 1. <b class="b3">-οθέντα</b>), <b class="b3">μονά-δην</b> (A. D., EM), <b class="b3">μουνα-δόν</b> (Opp.) [[lonely]], [[alone]]. -- 7. Verbs: <b class="b3">μονόομαι</b> (<b class="b3">μουν-</b>), <b class="b3">-όω</b> [[be left alone]], [[leave alone]] (Il.; Wackernagel Unt. 122ff.) with <b class="b3">μόν-ωσις</b> [[lonelyness]] (Pl., Ph.), <b class="b3">-ώτης</b> m. = <b class="b3">μονίας</b> (Arist.), <b class="b3">-ωτικός</b> <b class="b2">(left) alone</b> (Ph.); <b class="b3">μονάζω</b> [[stay alone]], [[isolate oneself]] (LXX, Christ. writers, gramm.) with <b class="b3">μονασμός</b> [[lonely situation]] (Eust.), <b class="b3">μοναστήριον</b> [[cel of a hermit]], [[cloister]] (Ph., pap.), <b class="b3">μονάστρια</b> f. [[nun]] (Just.).<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European]X [probably] [728] <b class="b2">*men-</b> [[small]], [[alone]]<br />Etymology: Beside PGr. <b class="b3">*μόνϜος</b>, from where Ion. <b class="b3">μοῦνος</b>, Att. etc. <b class="b3">μόνος</b> (Kretschmer KZ 31, 444), stands, though in meaning a little apart, <b class="b3">*μανϜός</b> in <b class="b3">μανός</b>, <b class="b3">μανός</b> (s.v.) [[thin]], [[rare]], which agrees with Arm. [[manr]], gen. [[manu]] [[small]], [[thin]]. An element <b class="b2">-u̯o-</b> appears also in the synonymous <b class="b3">οἶϜος</b> (s. <b class="b3">οἶος</b>) and in <b class="b3">ὅλος</b> (s.v.) of related meaning; further <b class="b3">*μόνϜος</b> is isolated. A quite different formation with velar shows Skt. <b class="b2">manā́k</b> [[a little]], Lith. <b class="b2">meñkas</b> [[scanty]], Toch. B <b class="b2">meṅki</b> [[less]] a.o.; ambiguous is Hitt. <b class="b2">maninku-</b> [[short]], [[near]] (formation as Lat. [[prop-inquus]]? Duchesne-Guillemin Trans. Phil. Soc. 1946 p. 82f., Benveniste BSL 50, 41). On the occasional contact with the group of <b class="b3">μινύθω</b> s.v.; also WP. 2, 266 f. Pok. 728 f., W.-Hofmann s. [[minor]]. -- Improbable Hahn Lang. 18, 88.