μύλη: Difference between revisions

|Definition=ἡ, <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> [[mill]]: in Hom., [[hand-mill]] turned by women, αἱ μὲν ἀλετρεύουσι μύλης ἔπι μήλοπα καρπόν <span class="bibl">Od.7.104</span>; γυνὴ… ἀλετρὶς πλησίον, ἔνθ' ἄρα οἱ μύλαι ἥατο <span class="bibl">20.106</span>; <b class="b3">μύλην στρέφειν, περιάγειν, περιφέρειν, περιελαύνειν</b>, <span class="bibl">Poll.7.180</span>; <b class="b3">μηδὲ μύλαν</b> (Dor.) ἐνεῖμεν μηδὲ ὅλμον <span class="title">IG</span>22.1126.24 (Amphict. Delph., iv B. C.): Cret.acc. pl. μύλανς <span class="title">Schwyzer</span> 180.6. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> [[nether millstone]] (the upper being [[ὄνος]]), <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">V.</span>648</span>: pl., αἱ μύλαι <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Mete.</span>383b7</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Pherecr.10</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">III</span> [[knee-pan]], <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Off.</span>9</span>, <span class="title">Com.Adesp.</span>450, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">HA</span> 494a5</span>, <span class="bibl">Paus.1.35.5</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">IV</span> [[hard formation]] in a woman's womb, <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Mul.</span>1.71</span>, <span class="bibl">2.178</span>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">GA</span>775b25</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">V</span> pl., [[molars]], <span class="bibl">LXX <span class="title">Jb.</span> 29.17</span>, <span class="bibl">Anon.Lond.24.24</span>, <span class="bibl">Gal.<span class="title">UP</span>9.15</span>: sg., of an ass's <b class="b2">tooth, PMag. Lond</b>.<span class="bibl">125.22</span>, al. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">VI</span> = [[μῶλυ]], Gal.12.80: root of [[λάπαθον]], <span class="bibl">Aët. 1.251</span>. (Cf. Lat. [[molo]], Goth. [[malan]] 'grind', etc.)</span>

|etymtx=Grammatical information: f.<br />Meaning: <b class="b2">handmill, mill,</b> (Od.), <b class="b2">(the nether) millstone</b>, metaph. [[molar]] (LXX), <b class="b2">knee-cap, hard formation in a woman's womb</b> (Hp., Arist.).<br />Other forms: hell. a. late also [[μύλος]] m. (LXX, NT, Str.; cf. Fraenkel Nom. ag. 2,58)<br />Compounds: Compp., e.g. <b class="b3">μυλο-ειδής</b> [[as a millstone]] (H 270), <b class="b3">μυλή-φατος</b> [[ground by a mill]] (β 355, A. R., Lyc.; after <b class="b3">ἀρηΐ-φατος</b> a.o.; diff. Chantraine Sprache 1, 145); <b class="b3">χειρο-μύλη</b> [[handmill]] (X.), also <b class="b3">-μυλος</b> (Edict. Diocl.), <b class="b3">-μυλον</b> (Cass. Fel.; cf. on [[βούτυρον]]); dimin. <b class="b3">-μύλιον</b> (Dsc., pap.).<br />Derivatives: A. Subst. 1. [[μύλαξ]], <b class="b3">-ακος</b> m. [[millstone]], [[big rounded stone]] (M161, AP, Opp.), cf. [[λίθαξ]] a.o. (Chantraine Form. 379). 2. From this with <b class="b3">ρ-</b>suffix [[μύλακρος]] m. [[millstone]] (Alcm.), pl. = <b class="b3">γομφίοι ὀδόντες</b> (H.); f. <b class="b3">-ακρίς</b>, <b class="b3">-ίδος</b> as attr. of [[λᾶας]] [[millstone]] (Alex. Aet.), as subst. [[cockroach]], also (influenced by [[ἀκρίς]]) [[locust]] (Ar. Fr. 583, Poll.); also <b class="b3">-αβρίς</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> (Pl. Com., Poll.; prob. after [[ἁβρός]], [[ἅβρα]]), <b class="b3">-ηθρίς</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> (Poll.). 3. [[μυλών]], <b class="b3">-ῶνος</b> m. [[millhouse]], [[mill]] (Att.) with <b class="b3">-ωνικός</b> [[miller]] (pap.), <b class="b3">-ώνιον</b> dimin. (gloss.). 4. [[μυλωθρός]] m. [[miller]] (Att., Arist.); on the formation which is not quite clear cf. Chantraine Form. 373; from this <b class="b3">-ωθρίς</b> f. [[milleress]] name of a comedy of Eubulos; <b class="b3">-ωθρικός</b> [[belonging to a miller]] (Plu.), <b class="b3">-ωθρέω</b> [[grind]] (Men.); backformation <b class="b3">-ωθρον</b> = [[μυλών]] (Phot.)?; also <b class="b3">-ωθριαῖοι</b> adjunct of <b class="b3">καλυπ-τῆρες</b> (= [[roof-tiles]]?; Delos IIa, reading uncertain); beside it [[μυλωρός]] [[miller]] (Aesop., Poll.), after [[πυλωρός]] a.o. 5. [[μυλάριον]] dimin. [[small handmill]] (pap.). 6. [[μυλεύς]] m. surn. of Zeus as keeper of mills (Lyc.; Bosshardt 67). 7. [[μυλίας]] m. ([[λίθος]]) <b class="b2">millstone, stone, from which millstones were made</b> (Pl., Arist., Str.; Chantraine Form. 96). 8. [[μυλίτης]] m. ([[λίθος]], [[ὀδούς]]) [[millstone]], [[molar]] (Gal.). 9. <b class="b3">Μυλόεις ποταμὸς Ἀρκαδίας</b> H.; s. Krahe Beitr. z. Namenforsch. 2. 233. -- B. Adj., all rare and late: 1. <b class="b3">μύλ-ιος</b> [[belonging to a mill]] (Procop.); 2. <b class="b3">μυλ-ικός</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> (Ev. Luk., Gal.); 3. <b class="b3">-ινος</b> [[consisting of millstones]] (Smyrna); 4. <b class="b3">-αῖος</b> [[working in a mill]] (AP), <b class="b3">-αῖον</b> n. [[handmill]] (pap.); 5. <b class="b3">-ιαῖοι ὀδόντες</b> [[molars]] (medic.); 6. <b class="b3">-όεις</b> <b class="b2">consisting of a millstone, belonging to a mill</b> (Nic., Nonn.); 7. <b class="b3">-ητικη ἔμπλαστρος</b> [[remedy for toothache]] (Gal.). -- C. Verbs, all rare. 1. [[μυλιάω]] only in ptc. [[μυλιόωντες]] [[gnashing with the teeth]] (Hes. Op. 530; on <b class="b3">-ιάω</b> Schwyzer 732); 2. [[μυλόομαι]] [[be hardened]], [[cicatrized]] (Hp.). -- On itself stands [[μύλλω]] = [[βινέω]] (Theoc. 4,58) with <b class="b3">μυλ(λ)άς</b> f. [[whore]] (Phot., Suid.), [[μυλλός]] m. [[cake in the form of the pudenda muliebria]] (Ath. 14, 647 a; Sicilian).<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [716] <b class="b2">*melh₁-</b> [[grind]]<br />Etymology: The primary verbal noun [[μύλη]] (accent as e.g. [[μάχη]]) with the secondarily arising [[μύλος]] (after [[λίθος]] or <b class="b3">ὄνος ἀλέτης</b>?) like the primary yot-present [[μύλλω]] deviate through the <b class="b3">υ-</b>vowel from the other cognate words for [[grind]], which show an [[e]] : <b class="b2">o-</b>vocalism: Celt., OIr. [[melim]], Slav., e.g. OCS <b class="b2">meljǫ</b> (IE <b class="b2">*mel-</b>); Germ., e.g. Goth. [[malan]], Lith. <b class="b2">malù</b>, Hitt. 3. sg. [[mallai]] (IE <b class="b2">*mol-</b>); Lat. [[molō]], on itself ambiguous, prob. from <b class="b2">*melō</b> like OIr. [[melim]]. In <b class="b3">μυλ-</b> we must assume a zero- [or reduced] grade variant (<b class="b2">ml̥-</b>; <b class="b2">m_el-</b>?) (Schwyzer 351). With [[μύλλω]] from <b class="b2">*ml̥-i̯ō</b> agree in Germ. OHG [[muljan]], OWNo. [[mylia]] [[crush]]; on the meaning s. below, on the [[υ]] -vowel cf. [[φύλλον]] against Lat. [[folium]]. A weak grade appears also in Welsh [[malu]] [[grind]], as well as in Arm. [[malem]] [[crush]]. An <b class="b2">u-</b>vowel could also be found in the reduplicated Arm. <b class="b2">ml-ml-em</b> [[rub]]; (it could however also be drived from lengthened grade <b class="b2">mēl-</b> or [[mōl]]). The technical meaning [[grind]] might have been specialized from the general [[rub]]. As verbal noun [[μύλη]] has in Greek the character of an archaism, while [[μύλλω]], which was degraded to an obscene meaning, was further replaced by the also old [[ἀλέω]] (s.v. and Porzig Gliederung 156), which was limited to the eastern languages. -- On itself stands [[μάλευρον]] (s.v.); remarkable and\/but suspect is the <b class="b2">e-</b>vowel of Myc. [[mereuro]] [[meal]] and [[meretirija]] [[milleresses]]. -- More forms in WP. 2, 284ff., Pok. 716f., W.-Hofmann and Ernout-Meillet s. [[molō]], Fraenkel Wb. s. <b class="b2">málti</b>.