μῆλον: Difference between revisions

|Definition=(B), τό, Dor. and Aeol. μᾶλον, <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> [[apple]] or (generally) any [[treefruit]], <span class="bibl">Il.9.542</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.7.120</span>, <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Th.</span>215</span>, <span class="bibl">335</span> (whereas in Id.<span class="title">Op.</span> only <b class="b3">μῆλον</b> (A) is found), <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.195</span>, <span class="bibl">2.92</span>,<span class="bibl">7.41</span>; χνοῦς ὥσπερ μήλοισιν ἐπήνθει <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Nu.</span>978</span>; χρύσια μ. <span class="bibl">Theoc.29.37</span>; <b class="b3">μ. ἄγριον</b> [[crab]], [[Pyrus acerba]], Dsc.1.115.4; <b class="b3">μ. Ἀρμενιακόν</b> [[apricot]], [[Prunus armeniaca]], Id.1.115.5, Gal.6.594 (μ. ἐαρινά <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PCair.Zen.</span>33.13</span> (iii B.C.)); <b class="b3">μ. Ἠπειρωτικόν</b> [[roseapple]], Dsc.1.115.4; <b class="b3">μ. Κυδώνιον</b> [[quince]], <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Vict.</span>2.55</span>, Dsc.1.115.1, Gal.6.563, <span class="title">SIG</span>1171.15 (Lebena); <b class="b3">μ. Μηδικόν</b> [[citron]], [[Citrus medica]], Dsc.1.115.5 (μ. κίτριον Gal.12.77); <b class="b3">μ. Περσικόν</b> [[peach]], [[Prunus persica]], Id.6.592; <b class="b3">τῶν Ποντικῶν ἐκείνων ἂ καλοῦσι μῆλα</b>, of a kind of gourd, ib.563. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> [[seed-vessel]] of the rose, <span class="bibl">Thphr.<span class="title">HP</span>6.6.6</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> pl., metaph., of a [[girl's breasts]], <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Lys.</span>155</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ec.</span>903</span>, <span class="bibl">Theoc.27.50</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> [[cheeks]], PPetr.3.p.2, al. (iii B.C.), <span class="title">AP</span>9.556 (Zon.), <span class="bibl">Ruf.<span class="title">Onom.</span>46</span>, <span class="bibl">Luc. <span class="title">Im.</span>6</span>, <span class="title">Arch.Pap.</span>4.271 (iii A.D.): in sg., μ. ἀριστερόν <span class="bibl"><span class="title">BGU</span>998.4</span> (ii B.C.), etc.: but in <span class="bibl">Theoc.14.38</span>, <b class="b3">τὰ σὰ δάκρυα μᾶλα ῥέοντι</b> thy tears run [[like apples]], i.e. [[big round tears and sweet withal]]. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> [[swellings under the eye]], Hsch.s.v. [[κύλα]]. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">4</span> [[tonsils]], <span class="bibl">Ruf.<span class="title">Onom.</span>64</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">5</span> [[cups shaped like apples]], IG11(2).161 <span class="title">B</span>41, al. (Delos, iii B.C.). (Cf. Lat. [[mālum]], perh. borrowed from Gr.)</span><br /><span class="bld">μῆλον</span> (A), τό, <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> [[sheep]] or [[goat]], ἢ βοῦν ἠέ τι μῆλον <span class="bibl">Od.12.301</span> (cf. <span class="bibl">299</span>); μῆλον, ζατρεφέων αἰγῶν ὅς τις φαίνηται ἄριστος <span class="bibl">14.105</span>; elsewh. Hom. uses the pl. (to distinguish the gender, an Adj. is added, <b class="b3">ἄρσενα μ</b>. [[rams]], [[wethers]], <span class="bibl">Od.9.438</span>; ἔνορχα μ. <span class="bibl">Il.23.147</span>) to denote [[sheep]] or [[goats]], ἔνθα δὲ πολλὰ μῆλ', ὄϊές τε καὶ αἶγες, ἰαύεσκον <span class="bibl">Od.9.184</span>; ὡς δὲ λέων μήλοισιν… ἐπελθών, αἴγεσιν ἢ ὀΐεσσι <span class="bibl">Il.10.485</span>: generally, [[small cattle]], opp. βόες, βόες καὶἴφια μ. <span class="bibl">9.406</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Op.</span>786</span>, <span class="bibl">795</span>, etc.; μ. καὶ βοῶν ἀγέλας <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>4.148</span>; μ. καὶ ποίμνας <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>1061</span>: abs., of [[sheep]], ἄργυφα μ. <span class="bibl">Od.10.85</span>; μήλων εὐπόκοις νομεύμασιν <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>1416</span>; of Europa's [[bull]], <span class="bibl">Simon.28</span>; so <b class="b3">μυκηθμοῖσι καὶ βρυχήμασιν… μήλων</b> [[of herds]], <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Fr.</span> 158</span>: generally, [[beasts]], opp. men, γαῖαν ἀνθρώποισι καὶ εὔφρονα μήλοις <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>7.63</span>; esp. of [[sacrificial beasts]], ib.<span class="bibl">80</span>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>1057</span>, etc.; also of [[beasts of chase]], <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Fr.</span>1069</span>:—Lyc.106 has metaplast.gen. pl. <b class="b3">μηλάτων</b>. (Not found in Prose, exc. Hdt. ap. Sch.<span class="bibl">Il.4.476</span>. The Dor. form is μῆλον (not <b class="b3">μᾶλον</b>), <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>4.148</span>, <span class="bibl">9.64</span>, al.; also in pr. nn., Εὔμηλος <span class="title">IG</span> 12(3).540 (Thera), etc.; Boeot. μεῖλον in <b class="b3">Πισίμειλος</b> ib.7.3193.12 (Orchom., iii B.C.), etc.: cf. OIr. [[mīl]] '(small) animal', Dutch [[maal]] 'young cow'.)</span>

|etymtx=1<br />Grammatical information: n.<br />Meaning: [[apple]] (Il.), also (with diff. determining attribute) of other stone-fruits (Hp., Dsc.), often metaph.: <b class="b2">(seed-)capsule of a rose</b> (Thpr.), in plur. <b class="b2">breasts, cheeks, tonsils, apple-like beaker</b> (Ar., Theoc., medic., pap., inscr.).<br />Other forms: Dor. Aeol. <b class="b3">μᾶλον</b>.<br />Compounds: As 1. member e.g. in <b class="b3">μῆλ-οψ</b> [[applecoloured]] = [[yellow]] (η 104), <b class="b3">μαλο-πάραυος</b> <b class="b2">with apple-like cheekes</b> (Theoc.); <b class="b3">μηλ-άπιον</b> n. name of a fruit (medic., Plin.).). As 2. member in determinatives, e.g. <b class="b3">γλυκύ-μαλον</b>, <b class="b3">-μηλον</b> [[sweet-apple]] (Sapph. [?; Risch IF 59, 10 A. 2], Call.), <b class="b3">μελί-μηλον</b> [[summer-apple]], [[Pyrus praecox]] (Dsc.), also [[applemead]] (medic.) for <b class="b3">μηλό-μελι</b> (Dsc.; Strömberg Wortstudien 7); cf. <b class="b3">κοκκύ-μηλον</b>; on <b class="b3">ἐπιμηλίς</b> s. v.<br />Derivatives: A. Subst. 1. <b class="b3">μηλέη</b>, <b class="b3">-α</b> [[appletree]] (Od.); 2. <b class="b3">μηλίς</b>, <b class="b3">μαλίς</b> f. = <b class="b3">μηλέα</b> (Ibyc., Theoc.), [[yellow pigment]] (Plu.), name of a distemper of asses, [[glanders]]? (Arist.); 3. <b class="b3">μηλίτης οἶνος</b> <b class="b2">apple-, quince-wine</b> (Plu., Dsc.; Redard 98); 4. <b class="b3">μηλίσκα</b> n. pl. name of cups shaped like apples (Delos IIIa); 5.<b class="b3">Μηλ-ιάδες</b> f. pl. [[fruittree-nymphs]] (Poll.; like <b class="b3">κρην-ιάδες</b>); 6. <b class="b3">μήλωθρον</b> n. = <b class="b3">ἄμπελος λευκή</b> (Thphr., Dsc.; cf. <b class="b3">ψίλωθρον</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> from <b class="b3">ψιλόω</b>, <b class="b3">πύρωθρον</b> = <b class="b3">πύρεθρον</b>). -- B. Adj. 7. <b class="b3">μήλινος</b>, <b class="b3">μάλινος</b> [[made of apples]], [[applecoloured]] (Sapph., Thphr.); 8. <b class="b3">μήλειος</b> [[belonging to the apple]] (Nic., A. R.); 9. <b class="b3">μηλώδης</b> [[applelike]] (Gal.). -- C. Verb. 10. <b class="b3">μηλίζω</b> <b class="b2">resemble an apple (in colour)</b> (medic.). -- Here also the island name <b class="b3">Μῆλος</b> ("apple-island")?; s. Heubeck Glotta 25, 271.<br />Origin: XX [etym. unknown]<br />Etymology: Mediterranean word. -- From Greek Lat. [[mālum]], [[mēlum]], with [[mālinus]] [[applecoloured]], [[mēlinus]] <b class="b2">of quince-apples</b>; s. W.-Hofmann s. 1. [[mālus]]. The word has been connected with Hitt. <b class="b2">mahla-</b>, but this appeared to have a diff. meaning (`grape, vine, twig of a vine'); Cuny, REA 26(1924)364f; corrected by Sturtevant CGr.1 292, Kronasser VLFL (1956) 88, Szemerényi, Phonetica 17(1967)47; hardly to <b class="b3">ἀμάμαξυς</b>, Fur. 212.<br />2<br />Grammatical information: n., mostly pl. <b class="b3">-α</b><br />Meaning: [[small cattle]], [[sheep and goats]] (Il.); <b class="b3">μηλάτων</b> Lyc. 106 after <b class="b3">προβάτων</b>.<br />Other forms: (also Dor.).<br />Compounds: Often as 1. member, e.g. <b class="b3">μηλο-βότης</b>, Dor. <b class="b3">-τας</b> [[shepherd]] (Pi., E.), also <b class="b3">-βοτήρ</b> (Σ 529, h. Merc. 286) in <b class="b3">-βοτῆρας</b> at verse-end, after the simplex (Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 65, Chantraine Form. 323, Risch $13d, Shipp Studies 66); <b class="b3">μηλάταν τὸν ποιμένα</b>. <b class="b3">Βοιωτοί</b> H., haplological for <b class="b3">μηλ-ηλάταν</b> or for <b class="b3">μηλόταν</b> after <b class="b3">βοηλάταν</b> (Bechtel Gött. Nachr. 1919, 345, Dial. 1,307); on <b class="b3">μηλ-ολόνθη</b> s. v. Rarely as 2. member, only in some bahuvrihis (diff. <b class="b3">-μηλον</b> [[apple]], s. v.), e.g. <b class="b3">πολύ-μηλος</b> [[with many sheep]] (Il.); also in PN, e.g. Boeot. <b class="b3">Πισί-μειλος</b>.<br />Derivatives: <b class="b3">μήλειος</b> [[belonging to the small cattle]] (Ion., E.), <b class="b3">μηλόται ποιμένες</b> H. (Fraenkel Nom. ag. 2, 129, Schwyzer 500), <b class="b3">μηλωτή</b> f. [[sheepskin]] (Philem. Com., hell.; like <b class="b3">κηρωτή</b> a.o.) with <b class="b3">Μηλώσιος</b> surn. of Zeus (Corc., Naxos), prop. "who is wrapped in a sheepskin" (Nilsson Gr. Rel. 1, 395f.).<br />Origin: XX [etym. unknown]<br />Etymology: Old word for [[small cattle]], which is well attested in Celtic, e.g. OIr. [[mil]] n. [[small animal]], and is sporadically found also in Westgerm., e.g. in OLFranc. [[māla]] [[cow]], Dutch [[maal]] [[young cow]] (here also the old name of the Harz, <b class="b3">Μηλί-βοκον ὄρος</b>?). -- Against these words, which all can go back on IE <b class="b2">*mēlo-</b>, stands with <b class="b2">a-</b>vowel Arm. [[mal]] [[sheep]], also SmRuss. [[mal]]' f. [[small cattle]], [[young sheep]], Russ. (Crimea) <b class="b2">malíč</b> <b class="b2">kind of Crimea-sheep</b>. It eems obvious to sonnect these words with the general Slav. adj. for [[small]], e.g. OCS [[malъ]], Russ. <b class="b2">mályj</b>. A further step leads to the Germ. word for [[small]], [[narrow]] in Goth. [[smals]] etc., which is often used of small cattle, e.g. OWNo. [[smale]] m. [[small animal]], OHG [[smalaz fihu]] [[Schmal-vieh]], [[small cattle]]. If we posit IE *(<b class="b2">s)mēl-</b>, (<b class="b2">s)mōl-</b> (OCS [[malь]] etc.), (<b class="b2">s)mǝl-</b> (Arm. [[mal]], Goth. [[smals]] etc.)[this means <b class="b2">*smHlo-</b>?], it would seem possible, to bring all words mentioned together. [For Arm. [[mal]] Ačaryan HAB III2224 proposes a loan from Arabic.] All this does not lead to a probable solution. -- Fick 1, 519, however, thinks for the <b class="b3">μῆλον-</b>group of <b class="b2">*mē-</b> [[bleat]] (s. <b class="b3">μηκάομαι</b>). -- Cf. WP. 2, 296f (with open doubt), Pok. 724, W.-Hofmann s. 3. [[malus]], Vasmer s. <b class="b2">mályj</b>.