πλεύμων: Difference between revisions

|Definition=or πνεύμων, ονος, ὁ (on the form and deriv., v. sub fin.), <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> [[the lungs]], πάγη δ' ἐν πλεύμονι χαλκός <span class="bibl">Il.4.528</span>, <span class="bibl">20.486</span> (v.l.); ὁ τῶν πνευμάτων τῷ σώματι ταμίας ὁ π. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ti.</span>84d</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">70c</span>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Resp.</span>476a9</span>, <span class="bibl">LXX <span class="title">3 Ki.</span>22.34</span>: mostly in pl., <span class="bibl">Archil.9.5</span>, <span class="bibl">Alc.39.1</span>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Th.</span>61</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Tr.</span>567</span>, etc.; διὰ πνευμόνων θερμὸν ἄησιν ὕπνον <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Fr.</span>178</span>A; πνεῦμ' ἀνεὶς ἐκ πλευμόνων <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Or.</span>277</span>; regarded as the most vital part, σπαραγμὸς… πλευμόνων ἀνθήψατο <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Tr.</span>778</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Lys.</span>367</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ra.</span>474</span>; <b class="b3">πλευμόνων πολὺς πόνος</b> ib.<span class="bibl">829</span>; as the seat of love, [Κύπρις] Διὸς τυραννεῖ πλευμόνων <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Fr.</span>941.15</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> <b class="b2">sea-lungs, jelly-fish</b>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phlb.</span>21c</span>, <span class="bibl">Arist. <span class="title">PA</span>681a18</span>, <span class="bibl">Thphr.<span class="title">Sign.</span>40</span>, Pytheas ap. <span class="bibl">Plb.34.3.4</span>; term of abuse applied by Epicurus to Nausiphanes, Epicur.<span class="title">Frr.</span>114, 236. (Gramm. differ as to the forms. Eust. (<span class="bibl">483.10</span>, <span class="bibl">1436.62</span>) and Phot. both recognize <b class="b3">πλεύμων</b> as the Homeric and ancient form; this was also the true Att. form, <span class="bibl">Moer. p.309</span> P., Sch.<span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Pax</span>1069</span>, <span class="bibl">Eust.483.10</span>; it is found in the best codd. of <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Th.</span>61</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Tr.</span>567</span>, as well as in codd. of Alc. (l.c. ap.<span class="bibl">Ath.10.430b</span>), Hp. (<span class="bibl"><span class="title">Art.</span>41</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Prog.</span>23</span>, al., cf. i p.cxx K.), Ar., Pl., and Arist., also in Pap., Phld.<span class="title">Ir.</span>pp.27,28 W., and Inscr., <span class="title">IG</span>42(1).122.56 (Epid., iv B. C.), and is doubtless the original form, which was altered in accordance with a supposed deriv. from <b class="b3">πνεῦμα</b> suggested by <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Resp.</span>476a9</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">EM</span>677.31</span>. Cf. Lith. [[plaũčiai]] 'lungs', cogn. with <b class="b3">πλέω</b>, as 'that which floats', cf. Engl. [[lights]], also [[lungs]], cogn. with <b class="b3">ἐλαφρός</b>.) </span>

|etymtx=-ονος<br />Grammatical information: m., most pl.<br />Meaning: <b class="b2">lung(s)</b> (Il.), metaph. [[jellyfish]] (Pl., Arist.).<br />Other forms: (second. <b class="b3">πνεύμων</b> after <b class="b3">πνέω</b>, <b class="b3">πνεῦμα</b>).<br />Compounds: Isolated compp., e.g. <b class="b3">πλευμο-ρρωγής</b> [[with a rupture in the lung]] (Hp.), <b class="b3">ἁλι-πλεύμων</b> m. [[jellyfish]] (Marcell. Sid.).<br />Derivatives: <b class="b3">πλευμον-ώδης</b> (<b class="b3">πν-</b>) [[lung-like]] (Arist.), <b class="b3">-ία</b> f. [[inflammation of the lungs]], [[pneumonia]] (Com. Adesp., medic.; much more usual the hypostasis <b class="b3">περι-πλευμον-ία</b>, <b class="b3">-ίη</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> [IA.]), <b class="b3">-ίς</b> f. <b class="b2">id.</b> (Hp.). Professional shortform <b class="b3">πλεῦμος</b> m. [[lung-sickness]] with <b class="b3">πλευμ-άω</b>, v. l. <b class="b3">-όω</b> <b class="b2">to suffer from lung-sickness</b> (Hp., Gal.).<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [837] <b class="b2">*pleu-mon-</b> [[lung]]<br />Etymology: With <b class="b3">πλεύμων</b> can be identified Skt. <b class="b2">klomán-</b> m. [[the right lung]], pl. [[the lungs]] if one assumes a dissimilation [[k-m]] from [[p-m]]: IE <b class="b2">*pleu-mon-</b>; Lat. [[pulmō]] [[lung]], if from <b class="b2">*plu-mon-</b>, is diff. only in ablaut. Orig. meaning "swimmer", as the lungs (as opposed to hart and liver) when thrown in the water after the slaughtering remain swimming above. A quite deviating fomation shows a cognate Baltoslav. group, e.g. Lith. <b class="b2">plaũčiai</b> m. pl., OCS [[pljušta]] n. pl., IE <b class="b2">*pleu-ti̯o-</b>. -- Details w. lit. in WP. 2, 95f., Pok. 837f., W.-Hofmann, Mayrhofer, Fraenkel s. vv., Vasmer s. [[pljuče]]; also Benveniste BSL 52, 40. Further s. [[πλέω]].