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πεῖραρ: Difference between revisions
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|Transliteration C=peirar | |Transliteration C=peirar | ||
|Beta Code=pei=rar | |Beta Code=pei=rar | ||
|Definition=(also πεῖρας, v. infr. <span class="bibl">1.5</span>), ᾰτος, τό, Ep., Ion., and Lyr. form of | |Definition=(also πεῖρας, v. infr. <span class="bibl">1.5</span>), ᾰτος, τό, Ep., Ion., and Lyr. form of [[πέρας]], <span class="sense"><p> <span class="bld">A</span> [[end]], [[limit]], οὐδ' εἴ κε τὰ νείατα πείραθ' ἵκηαι γαίης καὶ πόντοιο <span class="bibl">Il. 8.478</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Od. 5.463</span>, <span class="bibl">11.13</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">2</span> [[completion]], <b class="b3">οὐ γάρ πω πάντων ἐπὶ πείρατ' ἀέλων ἤλθομεν</b> the [[end]] of our labours, <span class="bibl">23.248</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">3</span> [[achievement]], [[execution]], [[mode]] or [[means of execution]], ᾧ παιδὶ ἑκάστου πείρατ' ἔειπε <span class="bibl">Il.23.350</span> ; πείρατ' ἀέθλων δείκνυεν <span class="bibl">Pi. <span class="title">P.</span>4.220</span> ; <b class="b3">εἰ δέ τις ἀνδρῶν ἡμετέρης τέχνης πείρατά φησιν ἔχειν</b> says he possesses the [[secret]] ( = [[power of execution]]) of my art, Zeuxisin <span class="title">PLG</span>2.318, cf. <span class="title">IG</span> 3.399 ; <b class="b3">νίκης πείρατ' ἔχονται ἐν ἀθανάτοισι θεοῖσι</b> the [[achievement]] of victory is dependent on the gods, <span class="bibl">Il. 7.102</span> ; νίκης ἐν θεοῖσι πείρατα <span class="bibl">Archil. 55</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">4</span> [[final decision]], [[verdict]], ἐπὶ ἴστορι πεῖραρ ἑλέσθαι <span class="bibl">Il.18.501</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">5</span> [[doom]], ἐκφυγέειν μέγα π. ὀϊζύος <span class="bibl">Od.5.289</span> ; ὥς κεν θᾶσσον ὀλέθρου πείραθ' ἵκηαι <span class="bibl">Il.6.143</span> ; πεῖρας θανάτου <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>2.31</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">II</span> [[instrument]], [[tool]], ἦλθε δὲ χαλκεὺς ὅπλ' ἐν χερσὶν ἔχων χαλκήϊα, πείρατα τέχνης, ἄκμονά τε σφῦράν τ' εὐποίητόν τε πυράγρην <span class="bibl">Od.3.433</span>, cf. Sch. Dad loc. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">2</span> esp. [[tackle]], [[rope]], δησάντων σ'. . ὀρθὸν ἐν ἱστοπέδῃ, ἐκ δ' αὐτοῦ πείρατ' ἀνήφθω <span class="bibl">Od.12.51</span> ; οὐδ' ἔτι δεσμά σ' ἔρυκε, λύοντο δὲ πείρατα πάντα <span class="bibl"><span class="title">h.Ap.</span> 129</span> : metaph., πτολέμοιο πεῖραρ… τάνυσσαν <span class="bibl">Il.13.359</span> : Τρώεσσιν ὀλέθρου πείρατ' ἐφῆπται <span class="bibl">7.402</span> ; πᾶσιν ὀλέθρου πείρατ' ἐφῆπτο <span class="bibl">Od. 22.33</span> ; καιρὸν εἰ φθέγξαιο, πολλῶν πείρατα συντανύσαις ἐν βραχεῖ <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>1.81</span>. (περ-[[Fṛ]]-, περ-[[Fṇ]]-<b class="b3">τ-</b>, cogn. with <b class="b3">πείρω, πόρος</b>.)</span> | ||
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{{pape | {{pape | ||
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{{etym | {{etym | ||
|etymtx=-ατος<br />Grammatical information: n.<br />Meaning: <b class="b2">end, boundary, outcome, goal, decision</b>; ep. also [[rope]], [[cable]] (from <b class="b2">rope-end, cable-end</b>?; also [[knot]]?; s.bel.).<br />Other forms: mostly pl. <b class="b3">-ατα</b> n. (Il., <b class="b3">περ(ρ)άτων</b> Alc.), younger | |etymtx=-ατος<br />Grammatical information: n.<br />Meaning: <b class="b2">end, boundary, outcome, goal, decision</b>; ep. also [[rope]], [[cable]] (from <b class="b2">rope-end, cable-end</b>?; also [[knot]]?; s.bel.).<br />Other forms: mostly pl. <b class="b3">-ατα</b> n. (Il., <b class="b3">περ(ρ)άτων</b> Alc.), younger [[πεῖρας]] (Pi.), [[πέρας]] (Att.).<br />Compounds: As 2. member in <b class="b3">ἀ-πείρων</b> (Il.), with transiion in the <b class="b3">ο-</b>stems <b class="b3">ἄ-πειρος</b> (Pi., Ion., trag., Pl., Arist.) [[endless]], [[unlimited]], also <b class="b3">ἀ-πε(ί)ρατος</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> (Pi., Ph.); here also [[ἀπειρέσιος]], [[ἀπείριτος]] with suffixtranfer (diff. s.v.)?; <b class="b3">ἀπέρονα πέρας μη ἔχοντα</b> H.; <b class="b3">πολυ-πείρων</b> <b class="b2">with many (wide) boundaries</b> (h. Cer. 296, Orph.).<br />Derivatives: 1. [[πειραίνω]] (Hom.), [[περαίνω]] (Att.), aor. [[πειρῆναι]], [[περᾶναι]], also w. <b class="b3">δια-</b>, <b class="b3">συν-</b> a.o., <b class="b2">to bring to an end, to finish, to conclude</b> with <b class="b3">ἀ-πέραντος</b> (<b class="b3">-εί-</b>) [[unlimited]] (Pi., Att.), [[περαντικός]] [[conclusive]] (Ar., Arist.), <b class="b3">συμπέρασ-μα</b> n. [[end]], [[finishing]], [[conclusion]] (Arist.) with <b class="b3">-ματικός</b> (Arist.). 2. [[περατόομαι]], <b class="b3">-όω</b>, also w. <b class="b3">ἀπο-</b>, <b class="b3">συν-</b>, <b class="b2">to end, to bring to an end, to limit</b> (Arist.) with <b class="b3">ἀποπεράτ-ωσις</b> (medic.). 3. <b class="b3">ἀπο-περατίζω</b> [[to end]] (sch.). 4. <b class="b3">περατεύει ὁρίζει</b> H. -- Also [[περάτη]] f. [[extremity of the heavens]] (ψ 243, Arat., Call.), after the superlatives (cf. Schwyzer 503 c); here <b class="b3">περάτ-ηθεν</b> [[from the boundary]], [[from beyond]] (A. R.).<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [811] <b class="b2">*per-u̯-r̥\/n̥</b> [[end]]?<br />Etymology: Basis <b class="b3">*πέρϜαρ</b> with old [[ρ]] \/ <b class="b3">ν-</b>flexion; from <b class="b3">ν-</b>stem <b class="b3">ἀ-πείρων</b>; through innovation [[πεῖρας]], [[πέρας]] (cf. Schwyzer 514). -- A remarkable similarity shows Skt. <b class="b2">pár-van-</b> n. [[knot]], [[joint]], [[section]]. Schulze Q. 109f., 116ff. concludes from this a special word [[πεῖραρ]] with the meaning [[knot]] (μ 51 a.o., h. Ap. 129), with the ptc. [[πειρήναντε]] <b class="b2">knotting, kn. confirming</b> (χ 175, 192); very attractive, but with the in other places (e.g. Ν 358) hardly rejectable meaning [[rope]], [[line]] (from <b class="b2">rope-, line-end</b>?) one finds even so no solution. After Krause Glotta 25, 148 stands beside [[πεῖραρ]] [[end]] a special [[πεῖραρ]] [[line]] to [[σπεῖρα]], [[σπάρτον]]; to be rejected. For a uniform [[πεῖραρ]] (s. Bq w. older lit.) a.o. Niedermann Glotta 19, 7, Björck Mél. Bq 1, 143ff. -- In the sense of [[end]], [[frontier]] [[πεῖραρ]] < <b class="b3">*πέρ-Ϝαρ</b> belongs in any case to the great group [[πείρω]], [[πέρα]] etc. (prob. also [[πεῖρα]]); the orig. function of the element <b class="b3">περ-</b>, whether verbal or nominal, can no longer be decided. Also [[πεῖραρ]] = <b class="b2">pár-van-</b> [[knot]] can perh. be united (prop. <b class="b2">end, section, knot of a stalk</b>?; WP. 2, 32; doubts in Mayrhofer s. <b class="b2">páruḥ</b>). | ||
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