πύλη: Difference between revisions

|Definition=[<b class="b3">ῠ], ἡ</b>, prop. <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> [[one wing of a pair of double gates]], ὀλίγον τι παρακλίναντες τὴν ἑτέρην π. <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.156</span>: mostly in pl., [[gates of a town]] (whereas <b class="b3">θύρα</b> = house-door), Σκαιαὶ π. <span class="bibl">Il.3.145</span>, etc.; π. εὖ ἀραρυίας <span class="bibl">7.339</span>; πύκα στιβαρῶς ἀραρυίας <span class="bibl">12.454</span>; πεπταμένας ἐν χερσὶ π. ἔχετε <span class="bibl">21.531</span>; <b class="b3">ἄνεσάν τε π. καὶ ἀπῶσαν ὀχῆας</b> ib.<span class="bibl">537</span>; π. ἀνοῖξαι <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>604</span>; π. κλῇσαι <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>560c</span> (the Art. is freq. omitted even in Prose): pl. of several [[gates]], <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Th.</span>125</span>; <b class="b3">ἐν πύλαις</b> in or at [[the gates]], ib.<span class="bibl">160</span>,<span class="bibl">213</span> (both lyr.), al.; <b class="b3">πρὸς πύλαις</b> ib.<span class="bibl">377</span>,<span class="bibl">457</span>; ἐπὶ ταῖς πύλαισιν, οὗ τὸ τάριχος ὤνιον <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Eq.</span>1247</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> in Trag. sts. of the [[house-door]], δωμάτων πύλαι <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ch.</span>732</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">561</span>; <b class="b3">γυναικείους π</b>. [[gate]] or [[door]] leading to the women's apartments, ib.<span class="bibl">878</span>; πύλαις διπλαῖς ἐνήλατο <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>1261</span>; ἐκτὸς αὐλείων πυλῶν <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ant.</span>18</span>: also in sg., ib.<span class="bibl">1186</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">El.</span>818</span>; of the [[door]] of a tent, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Aj.</span>11</span>; πύλης ἄναξ θυρωρέ <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Fr.</span>775</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> <b class="b3">πύλαι Ἀΐδαο</b> the [[gates of the nether world]], periphr.for [[hell]], <span class="bibl">Il.5.646</span>,<span class="bibl">9.312</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.14.156</span>; Ἅιδου πύλαι <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>1291</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Matt.</span>16.18</span>, etc.; also σκότου πύλαι <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hec.</span>1</span>; νερτέρων π. <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Hipp.</span>1447</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">4</span> [[custom-house]], PTeb.5.34 (ii B.C.); <b class="b3">τετελώνηται διὰ πύλης</b> has paid the [[customs]], <span class="bibl"><span class="title">BGU</span>1592</span>(iii A.D.), etc.; τὸ σύμβολον τῆς ἱερᾶς Συηνιτικῆς π. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PStrassb.</span>79.10</span> (i B.C.); μισθωταὶ ἱερᾶς π. Σοήνης <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ostr.</span>106</span>(ii A.D.), al., cf. <span class="title">Ostr.Bodl.</span>v <span class="title">C</span> 1 (ii A.D.), </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> generally, [[entrance]], [[orifice]], ἀμφὶ πύλας ἰσθμοῖο <span class="bibl">Emp.100.19</span>; ἀναπεπταμένας ἔχω τῶν ὤτων τὰς π. <span class="bibl">Ath.4.169a</span>; πύλας τοῖς ὠσὶν ἐπίθεσθε <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Smp.</span>218b</span>; <b class="b3">ἡλίου πύλαι</b>, Pythag. name for the eyes, <span class="bibl">D.L.8.29</span>; [[portal fissure]] of the liver, π. καὶ δοχαὶ χολῆς <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">El.</span>828</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Epid.</span> 2.4.1</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Anat.</span>1</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ti.</span>71c</span>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">HA</span>496b32</span>, Gal.15.145; [[portal vein]] of the liver, <span class="bibl">Ruf.<span class="title">Onom.</span>179</span>, Gal.2.785,5.542. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">b</span> pl., of the [[carceres]] in the circus, Aristid.1.124J. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">c</span> metaph., πύλας ὕμνων ἀναπιτνάμεν <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>6.27</span>; ἐπέων π. B.<span class="title">Fr.</span>4; ἐν πύλαις γήρως <span class="bibl">D.C.57.24</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">76.7</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b2">entrance into a country through mountains, pass</b>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.5.52</span>: hence, <b class="b3">Πύλαι, αἱ</b>, the common name for <b class="b3">Θερμοπύλαι</b>, [[the Gates]] of Greece, <span class="bibl">Id.7.201</span>, etc.: of other [[passes]], π. τῆς Κιλικίας καὶ τῆς Συρίας <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>1.4.4</span>; <b class="b3">αἱ Σύριαι π</b>. ib.<span class="bibl">5</span>; <b class="b3">αἱ Κάσπιαι π</b>. <span class="bibl">Str.11.12.1</span>; π. Λύδιαι <span class="bibl">Id.13.1.65</span>; <b class="b3">Ἀμανίδες π</b>. <span class="bibl">Id.14.5.18</span>, <span class="bibl">16.2.8</span> (αἱ Ἀμανικαὶ καλούμεναι <span class="bibl">Arr.<span class="title">An.</span>2.7.1</span>): these [[passes]] were sometimes really barred by [[gates]], <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.176</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">3.117</span>, <span class="bibl">5.52</span>, X. l.c.: the Isthmus is called <b class="b3">πόντοιο πύλαι</b>, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">N.</span>10.27</span>; Κορίνθου π. <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">O.</span>9.86</span>; αἱ π. τῆς Πελοποννήσου <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Ages.</span>2.17</span>; <b class="b3">Πέλοπος νάσου θεόδματοι π</b>. B.<span class="bibl">p.437</span> J. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> of [[narrow straits]], by which one enters a broad sea, <b class="b3">Πύλαι Γαδειρίδες</b> the <span class="title">Straits</span> of Gibraltar, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">Fr.</span>256</span>; <b class="b3">ἐπ' αὐταῖς στενοπόροις λίμνης π</b>., of the Thracian Bosporus, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>729</span>; <b class="b3">ἐν πύλαις</b>, of the Euripus, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">IA</span>803</span>.</span>

|etymtx=Grammatical information: f.<br />Meaning: [[wing of a door]], [[gate]], mostly in plur. [[door]], [[gate]], esp. of town-gates, gates of an camp a. the like (Il.); <b class="b2">entrance, access, bottleneck etc.</b>, also as PlN (Pi., Emp., IA.).<br />Compounds: Several compp., e.g. <b class="b3">πυλ-άρτης</b> m. [[gate-closer]], adjunct of Hades, also as PN (Hom.), to <b class="b3">ἀρ-</b> in <b class="b3">ἀραρίσκω</b> (s.v.) with univerbating <b class="b3">τη-</b>suffix (Bechtel Lex. s.v., Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1. 31 w. n. 2); <b class="b3">πυλ-ωρός</b>, ep. <b class="b3">πυλα-ωρός</b>, Hdt. <b class="b3">πυλ-ουρός</b>, H. <b class="b3">πυλ-αυρός</b> (Dor.), <b class="b3">-ευρός</b> (Ion.) [[gate-keeper]], [[guard]] (Il.); on the comp.vowel and 2. member s. on <b class="b3">ὁράω</b> and Schwyzer 438, Leumann Hom. Wörter 223 n. 20 : 2c, Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 161; <b class="b3">ἑπτά-πυλος</b> [[with seven gates]] (ep. lyr. Il.); PlN <b class="b3">Θερμο-πύλαι</b> pl. (Simon., Hdt. etc.); the Att. orator a.o. for it <b class="b3">Πύλαι</b>, cf. Risch IF 59, 267.<br />Derivatives: 1. Dimin. <b class="b3">πυλ-ίς</b>, <b class="b3">-ίδος</b> f. (IA.); 2. <b class="b3">-ώματα</b> pl. n. [[gate]] (A, E.; cf. Sommer Zum Zahlwort 9 n.1), formal enlargement (Chantraine Form. 186f.); 3. <b class="b3">-εών</b> (sp.), <b class="b3">-ών</b> (Arist., hell.). -(<b class="b3">ε)ῶνος</b> m. <b class="b2">gate-space, gateway, gate-building</b>; 4. <b class="b3">Πυλ-ᾶτις</b>, <b class="b3">-ιδος</b> f. [[belonging to Πύλαι]] (S. in lyr.), <b class="b3">-αϊ̃τις</b>, <b class="b3">-ιδος</b> f. [[belonging to a gate]] (Lyc. 356; for <b class="b3">Πυλᾶτις</b>?; cf. Redard 10 a. 212). 5. <b class="b3">πυλαῖος</b> [[belonging to a gate]] (late), [[belonging to Πύλαι]] (Demeter; Call.); PN <b class="b3">Πύλαιος</b> (Β842); <b class="b3">Πυλαία</b>, <b class="b3">-ίη</b> f. adjunct of the amphictyonian meeting in <b class="b3">Πύλαι</b> (IA.); from it <b class="b3">Πυλαιασταί</b> m. pl. prop. *"members of <b class="b3">Πυλαία</b>" (on the formation Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 175ff.; hardly correct Bechtel Dial. 2, 655), metaph. [[mountebank]], [[liar]] (Phot., Suid.; Rhod. after H.); prob. also <b class="b3">πυλαϊκός</b> [[conjurer-like]] (late). 6. Denom. verb <b class="b3">πυλ-όομαι</b>, <b class="b3">-όω</b> <b class="b2">to be(come) provided with gates</b> (Ar., X.).<br />Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]<br />Etymology: As opposed to the inherited <b class="b3">θύρα</b> without etymology; so prob. technical LW [loanword] like many other expressions of architecture (e.g. <b class="b3">μέγαρον</b>; s. also Schwyzer 62). Vain attempts at interpretation in Bq (rejected). -- So prob. Pre-Greek.