ἀνήρ: Difference between revisions

|Definition=ὁ, [[ἀνδρός]], [[ἀνδρί]], [[ἄνδρα]], voc. [[ἄνερ]]: pl. [[ἄνδρες]], [[ἀνδρῶν]], [[ἀνδράσι]] [ᾰ], -δρας: Aeol. dat. pl. <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> [[ἄνδρεσι]] Alc.<span class="title">Supp.</span>14.8: late nom. sg. ἄνδρας <span class="title">Cat.Cod.Astr.</span>7.109.7: in Att. the Art. often forms a crasis with the Noun, [[ἁνήρ]] for [[ὁ ἀνήρ]], [[τἀνδρός]], [[τἀνδρί]] for [[τοῦ ἀνδρός]], etc., [[ἅνδρες]] for [[οἱ ἄνδρες;]] the Ion. crasis is [[ὡνήρ]], [[ὧνδρες]], <span class="bibl">Hdt.4.161</span>,<span class="bibl">134</span>: Ep. also [[ἀνέρα]], [[ἀνέρος]], [[ἀνέρι]], dual [[ἀνέρε]], pl. [[ἀνέρες]], [[ἀνέρας]], [[ἄνδρεσσι]]. [Ep. Poets mostly use ᾱ in arsi, ᾰ in thesi; but in trisyll. forms with stem [[ἀνέρ-]] always <b class="b3">ᾱ;</b> so also Trag. in lyr., <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Tr.</span>1011</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">OT</span>869</span>. But in Trag. senarians ᾰ always.] ([[ἀ-]] in nom. by analogy; cf. Skt. nar- from I.-E. ner-, nṛ- from nṛ-, Gk. ἀνδρ- from <b class="b2">ṇr-</b>):—[[man]], opp. [[woman]] ([[ἄνθρωπος]] being [[man]] as opp. to [[beast]]), <span class="bibl">Il.17.435</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.21.323</span>; [[τῶν ἀνδρῶν ἄπαις]] = [[without male children]], <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>877e</span>; in Hom. mostly of princes, leaders, etc., but also of [[free]] men; [[ἀνὴρ δήμου]] = [[one of the people]], <span class="bibl">Il.2.198</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Od.17.352</span>; with a qualifying word to indicate rank, ἀνὴρ βουληφόρος <span class="bibl">Il.2.61</span>; ἀνὴρ βασιλεύς <span class="bibl">Od.24.253</span>; ἡγήτορες ἄ. <span class="bibl">Il.11.687</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> [[man]], opp. [[god]], [[πατὴρ ἀνδρῶν τε θεῶν τε]] ib.<span class="bibl">1.544</span>, al.; Διὸς ἄγγελοι ἠδὲ καὶ ἀνδρῶν ib.<span class="bibl">334</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">403</span>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.5.63</span>, etc.: most common in pl., yet sts. in sg., e.g. <span class="bibl">Il.18.432</span>:—freq. with a Noun added, [[βροτοί]], [[θνητοὶ ἄ]]., <span class="bibl">Od.5.197</span>,<span class="bibl">10.306</span>; ἄ. ἡμίθεοι <span class="bibl">Il.12.23</span>; [[ἄ. ἥρωες]] ib.<span class="bibl">5.746</span>:—also of [[men]], opp. [[monsters]], <span class="bibl">Od.21.303</span>:—of [[men]] in societies and cities, οὔτε παρ' ἀνδράσιν οὔτ' ἐν ναυσὶ κοίλαις <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span> 6.10</span>; and so prob., ἄλλοτε μέν τ' ἐπὶ Κύνθου ἐβήσαο... ἄλλοτε δ' ἂν νήσους τε καὶ ἀνέρας . . <span class="bibl"><span class="title">h.Ap.</span>142</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">III</span> [[man]], opp. [[youth]], unless the context determines the meaning, as in οὔ πως ἔστι νεωτέρῳ ἀνδρὶ μάχεσθαι ἄνδρα γέροντα <span class="bibl">Od.18.53</span>; but <b class="b3">ἀ</b>. alone always means [[a man in the prime of life]], esp. [[warrior]], ἀ. ἕλεν ἄνδρα <span class="bibl">Il.15.328</span>; so ἀ. ἀντ' ἀνδρὸς ἐλύθησαν <span class="bibl">Th.2.103</span>; the several ages are given as παῖς, μειράκιον, ἀνήρ, πρεσβύτης <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Smp.</span>4.17</span>; [[εἰς ἄνδρας ἐγγράφεσθαι]], [[συντελεῖν]], <span class="bibl">D.19.230</span>, <span class="bibl">Isoc.12.212</span>; εἰς ἄνδρας ἀναβῆναι <span class="title">BMus.Inscr.</span>898; in Inscrr. relating to contests, opp. [[παῖδες]], <span class="title">IG</span>22.1138.10, etc. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">IV</span> [[man]] emphatically, [[man indeed]], ἀνέρες ἄστε, φίλοι <span class="bibl">Il.5.529</span>; freq. in Hdt., πολλοὶ μὲν ἄνθρωποι, ὀλίγοι δὲ ἄνδρες <span class="bibl">7.210</span>; πρόσθεν οὐκ ἀ. ὅδ' ἦν; <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>77</span>; ἄνδρα γίγνεσθαί σε χρή <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">El.</span>693</span>; ἀ. γεγένησαι δι' ἐμέ <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Eq.</span>1255</span>; ὃ μαθὼν ἀνήρ ἔσει <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Nu.</span>823</span>; ἄνδρας ἡγοῦνται μόνους τοὺς πλεῖστα δυναμένους καταφαγεῖν <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ach.</span>77</span>; εἰ ἄνδρες εἶεν οἱ στρατηγοί <span class="bibl">Th.4.27</span>; οὐκέτι ἀνήρ ἀλλὰ σκευοφόρος <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>4.2.25</span>; τὸν Αυκομήδην . . μόνον ἄνδρα ἡγοῦντο <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">HG</span>7.1.24</span>; [[οὐκ ἐν ἀνδράσι]] not [[like a man]], <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Alc.</span>723</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">732</span>; [[ἀνδρὸς τὰ προσπίπτοντα γενναίως φέρειν]] = [['tis the part of a man to bear with courage what befalls upon him]], [[a man should bear with courage what befalls upon him]].., <span class="bibl">Men.771</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">V</span> [[husband]], <span class="bibl">Il.19.291</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.24.196</span>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.146</span>, etc.; εἰς ἀνδρὸς ὥραν ἡκούσης τῆς κόρης <span class="bibl">Pl. <span class="title">Criti.</span>113d</span>; so ἐξοικιεῖν εἰς ἀνδρὸς [οἶκον] θυγατέρα <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">Lex.</span>11</span>:—also of a [[paramour]], opp. [[πόσις]], <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Tr.</span>551</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hipp.</span>491</span>, <span class="bibl">Theoc.15.131</span>; ἀνήρ ἁπασῶν τῶν γυναικῶν ἐστι νῦν <span class="bibl">Pherecr.155</span>; αἰγῶν ἄνερ <span class="bibl">Theoc.8.49</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">VI</span> Special usages: </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">1</span> joined with titles, professions, etc., ἰητρὸς ἀνήρ <span class="bibl">Il.11.514</span>; [[ἀνὴρ μάντις]], [[ἀνὴρ στρατηγός]], <span class="bibl">Hdt.6.83</span>,<span class="bibl">92</span> (dub.); ἀνὴρ νομεύς <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>1118</span>; [[ἄνδρες λοχῖται]], [[λῃσταί]], [[ἀσπιστῆρες]], ib.<span class="bibl">751</span>,<span class="bibl">842</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Aj.</span>565</span>; esp. in disparagement, κλῶπες ἄ. <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Rh.</span>645</span>; ἀνὴρ δημότης <span class="bibl">S. <span class="title">Ant.</span>690</span>; with names of nations, as Φοίνικες ἄ. <span class="bibl">Hdt.4.42</span>; ἀνὴρ Θρῇξ <span class="bibl">E. <span class="title">Hec.</span>19</span>,al.; esp. in addresses, ἄ. ἔφοροι <span class="bibl">Hdt.9.9</span>; ἄ. πολῖται <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span> 513</span>; ἄ. δικασταί <span class="bibl">D.21.1</span>, etc.; [[ὦ ἄνδρες]] [[gentlemen]] of the jury, <span class="bibl">Antipho 1.1</span>, <span class="bibl">Lys.1.1</span>, etc.; ὦ ἄνδρες Ἀθηναῖοι <span class="bibl">Id.6.8</span>, etc.: hence in Comedy, ἄ. ἰχθύες <span class="bibl">Archipp.29</span>; ἄνδρες θεοί <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">JTr.</span>15</span>; ὦ ἄ. κύνες <span class="bibl">Ath.4.160b</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> [[ὁ ἀνήρ]], by crasis Att. [[ἁνήρ]], Ion. [[ὡνήρ]], is freq. used emphatically for αὐτός, ἐκεῖνος <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">V.</span>269</span>, prob. in <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Sph.</span>216b</span>, etc.: sts. so in oblique cases without the Art., <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Tr.</span>55</span>, <span class="bibl">109</span>, <span class="bibl">293</span>, etc.; but not in Prose. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> [[ἀνὴρ ὅδε]], [[ὅδ' ἀνήρ]], in Trag., = [[ἐγώ]], <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>78</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Alc.</span>690</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">4</span> [[πᾶς ἀνήρ]] = [[every man]], [[every one]], freq. in <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>736c</span>, al., cf. <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Or.</span> 1523</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">5</span> [[a man]], [[any man]], εἶτ' ἄνδρα τῶν αὑτοῦ τι χρὴ προϊέναι; <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Nu.</span>1214</span>; οὐ πρέπει νοῦν ἔχοντι ἀνδρί <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phd.</span>114d</span>, etc.; οὐ παντὸς ἀνδρὸς . . ἐσθ' ὁ πλοῦς = 'tis not every one that can go, <span class="bibl">Nicol.Com. 1.26</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">6</span> ὦ δαιμόνι' ἀνδρῶν <span class="bibl">Eup.316</span>; and often with a Sup., ὦ φίλτατ' ἀνδρῶν <span class="bibl">Phryn.Com.80</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">7</span> κατ' ἄνδρα [[viritim]], <span class="bibl">Isoc. 12.180</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">POxy.</span>1047 iii 11</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">BGU</span>145.5</span>, etc.; so [[τοὺς κατ' ἄνδρα]] = [[individuals]], opp. [[κοινῇ τὴν πόλιν]], <span class="bibl">D.Chr.32.6</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">8</span> In LXX, ἀνήρ = ἕκαστος, δότε μοι ἀνὴρ ἐνώτιον <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Jd.</span>8.24</span>; [[ἀνήρ τῷ ἀδελφῷ αὐτοῦ προσκολληθήσεται]] '[[each to his fellow]]', of Leviathan's scales, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Jb.</span>41.8</span>; also ἀνήρ εἷς <span class="bibl"><span class="title">4 Ki.</span>6.2</span>; with negs., ἀνήρ μὴ ἐπισκεπήτω ib.<span class="bibl">10.19</span>; [[ἀνὴρ ἀνήρ]] = [[any one]], Le. <span class="bibl">15.2</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">9</span> ἄνδρας γράφειν· τὸ ἐν διδασκάλου τὰ παιδία ὀνόματα γράφειν, Hsch. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">VII</span> [[male animal]], <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">HA</span>637b15</span>.</span>

|etymtx=ἀνδρός<br />Grammatical information: m.<br />Meaning: [[man]] (Il.).<br />Other forms: acc. <b class="b3">ἄνδρα</b> (Hom. also <b class="b3">ἀνέρα</b>, from where <b class="b3">ἀνέρος</b> etc.; on the inflection s. Schwyzer 568<b class="b3">β</b>). Atano s. below<br />Dialectal forms: Myc. [[adirijate]], <b class="b2">-pi</b> \/[[andriantei]], <b class="b2">-amphi</b>\/; see on compounds.<br />Compounds: As first member <b class="b3">ἀνδρο-</b>: <b class="b3">-κμητος</b>, <b class="b3">κτασία</b>; <b class="b3">ἀνδραποδον</b> s.v. - As second member <b class="b3">-ήνωρ</b>: <b class="b3">ῥηξ-</b>, <b class="b3">φθεισ-</b> (Hom.); in PN <b class="b2">'Aγ-</b>, Myc. [[Atano]] \/[[Antanor]]\/; fem. <b class="b3">ἀντι-άνειρα</b>, <b class="b3">κυδι-</b>. With <b class="b3">-ανδρος</b>: <b class="b3">ἄν-</b>, <b class="b3">ἕλ-</b>; PN esp. in Asia Minor and Cyprus: `<b class="b3">Ηγησ-</b>, <b class="b3">Τερπ-</b>; Hom. <b class="b3">Ἀλεξ-</b>. For the question whether this name is really Greek cf. Myc. [[arekasadara]] \/[[Aleksandra]]\/, <b class="b2">kesadara \/Kessandra\/</b> (note that Myc. <b class="b2">-e-</b> shows that this is a substr. name). So the forms are already Myc., but it is still not excluded that they are of non-Greek origin (s. Sommer Nominalkomp. 160ff.) - Kuiper MAWNed. NR. 14 : 5 thinks that <b class="b3">-ήνωρ</b> and <b class="b3">νῶρ-οψ</b> contain an old abstract <b class="b3">*ἄνερ</b>, <b class="b3">*ἄναρ</b> [[vital energy]] (IE <b class="b2">*h₂ner-</b>; also in Skt. <b class="b2">sū-nára-</b> etc.).<br />Derivatives: Demin. <b class="b3">ἀνδρίον</b> (Com.); from here, with unclear <b class="b3">ντ-</b>Suffix, <b class="b3">ἀνδριάς</b>, <b class="b3">-άντος</b> [[statue]] (Pi.), cf. Kretschmer Glotta 14, 84ff., Schwyzer 526 : 3 u. 4. <b class="b3">ἀνδρ(ε)ών</b> m. [[mans apartment]] (Hdt.). -Abstracts: <b class="b3">ἀνδρεία</b> (<b class="b3">-ηίη</b>, <b class="b3">-ία</b>) [[manliness]], [[courage]] (A.); <b class="b3">ἀνδροτής</b>, <b class="b3">-τῆτος</b> s.s.v. <b class="b3">ἠνορέη</b> <b class="b2">id.</b>, Ion. for Aeol. <b class="b3">ἀνορέα</b> (< <b class="b3">-ρία</b>), (Kretschmer Glotta 24, 245f.), from a compound (cf. <b class="b3">εὑανορία</b> Pi.), s. Leumann Hom. Wörter 109f., 123 m. Lit.; - Adjec.: <b class="b3">ἀνδρεῖος</b> (Ion. <b class="b3">ἀνδρήϊος</b>, cf. Chantr. Form. 52, Schwyzer 468 : 3) [[manly]], [[courageous]], <b class="b3">ἀνδρόμεος</b> [[human]] (Il.; <b class="b3">-μεος</b> = Skt. <b class="b2">-maya-</b>?).<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [765] <b class="b2">*h₂ner-</b> [[man]]<br />Etymology: <b class="b3">ἀνήρ</b> is identical with Arm. [[ayr]], gen. [[arn]] [[man]], Skt. <b class="b2">nā́</b> (stem <b class="b2">nar-</b>), NPhryg. <b class="b3">αναρ</b>, Ital. <b class="b2">ner-</b> in Osc. [[ner-um]] [[virorum]], Lat. Sab. [[Ner-ō]] etc. (s. W.-Hofmann s. [[neriōsus]]), W. [[ner]] [[chief]] , Alb. [[njer]] [[man]]. - Not here Hitt. <b class="b2">innar-</b>, in <b class="b2">innarau̯atar</b> etwa <b class="b2">(Lebens)kraft, hoheitliche Macht</b>. - On <b class="b3">δρώψ</b> s.s.v. [[ἄνθρωπος]]. - Cf. [[νωρει]]̃.