ἀπήνη: Difference between revisions

|Definition=[ᾰ], ἡ, <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> <b class="b2">four-wheeled wagon</b>, drawn by mules, ἡμίονοι ἕλκον τετράκυκλον ἀπήνην <span class="bibl">Il.24.324</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Od.6.57</span> with <span class="bibl">69</span>,<span class="bibl">72</span>,<span class="bibl">73</span>,<span class="bibl">82</span>; much the same as <b class="b3">ἅμαξα</b>, cf. <span class="bibl">Il.24.266</span> with <span class="bibl">324</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.6.72</span> with <span class="bibl">73</span>: of a [[racing-car]], drawn by mules, ἡμιόνοις ξεστᾷ τ' ἀπήνᾳ <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>4.94</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">O.</span> 5.3</span>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Fr.</span>568</span>; ἦν γὰρ δὴ ἀπήνη . . ἡμιόνους ἀνθ' ἵππων ἔχουσα <span class="bibl">Paus. 5.9.2</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> later, any [[car]] or [[chariot]], <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>906</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>753</span>; <b class="b3">ἀ. πωλική</b> ib.<span class="bibl">803</span>; [[war-chariot]], <span class="bibl">Str.4.5.2</span>; cf. [[καπάνα]]. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> metaph., [[any conveyance]], νατα ἀ. [[ship]], <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Med.</span>1123</span>; πλωταῖς ἀπήνῃσι <span class="title">Lyr.Adesp.</span>117 ( = <span class="title">Trag.Adesp.</span>142); <b class="b3">τετραβάμονος ὡς ὑπ' ἀπήνας</b>, of the Trojan horse, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Tr.</span>517</span> (lyr.). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">4</span> metaph., like [[ζεῦγος]], [[pair]], e.g. of brothers, ἀ. ὁμόπτερος <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ph.</span>329</span> (lyr.). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">5</span> in pl., the [[alae nasi]], <span class="bibl">Poll.2.80</span>.</span>

|etymtx=Grammatical information: f.<br />Meaning: [[wagon with four wheels]] (Il.). Synonym of <b class="b3">ἅμαξα</b>, Delebecque Cheval 174f.<br />Other forms: <b class="b3">πήνα· ἀπήνη</b> H.<br />Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]<br />Etymology: Unknown. The first question is the relation with <b class="b3">πήνα ἀπήνη</b> H.; apocopated acc. to Strömberg Wortstudien 45; thus Fur. 374: the analysis must be <b class="b3">ἀπ-ηνη</b>; but rejected by Winter Prothet. Vokal 13 (if the <b class="b3">ἀ-</b> is a proth. vowel, the word would be a substr. word). Then there is the synonym <b class="b3">καπάνα</b> (Xenarch. 11, Thess.), s. Güntert Reimwortbildungen 152; the agreement is remarkable, the word is hardly IE. Fur. 224 n. 96 compares <b class="b3">γάπος ὄχημα</b>. <b class="b3">Τυρρηνοί</b> H. He also adduces (285) <b class="b3">λαμπήνη</b> id. (with <b class="b3">λαπίνη</b>, which shows prenasalization; on <b class="b3">λ</b>\/zero see Fur. 392). Further one has compared <b class="b3">ἀμανάν ἅμαξαν</b> H. There is also Myc. [[apenewo]], which would be drawing animals; but <b class="b3">ἀπήνη</b> will have <b class="b3">-ανα</b>. Banat̨eanu REIE 3, 141 thought the word is Anatolian (which amounts to saying that it is a substr. word), which DELG considers possible (but not because <b class="b3">ἄμαξα</b> is IE, q.v.!); Szemerényi, JHS 94 (1974) 149f. thought it could be Semitic. - The comparison with <b class="b3">καπάνα</b> is the most convincing and shows foreign (substr.) origin (<b class="b3">κ-</b>\/zero Fur. 391f.).