ἑκών: Difference between revisions

|Definition=<b class="b3">ἑκοῦσα, ἑκόν</b>: (<span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> ϝέκ- <span class="title">IG</span>9(1).334.12 (Locr.), <span class="title">GDI</span>5131b (Crete), cf. [[γεκαθά]]; cf. Skt. [[váśmi]] 'wish'):—[[readily]], <span class="bibl">Od.4.649</span>, etc.; freq. contrasted with ἄκων, ἑ. ἀέκοντί γε θυμῷ <span class="bibl">Il.4.43</span>; οὐ γάρ τίς με βίῃ γε ἑ. ἀέκοντα δίηται <span class="bibl">7.197</span>; ἑκόνθ' ἑκόντι Ζηνὶ συμπαραστατεῖν <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>220</span>; πάρειμι δ' ἄκων οὐχ ἑκοῦσιν <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>276</span>; ἑκόντα μήτ' ἄκοντα <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ph.</span>771</span>; βίᾳ τε κοὐχ ἑκών <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">OC</span>935</span>; <b class="b3">ἑ. παρ' ἑκόντος λαμβάνειν</b>, i.e. by mutual consent, <span class="bibl">D.21.44</span>; τὴν φύσιν ἑκοῦσαν καὶ οὐ παθοῦσαν τὰ δέοντα ποιεῖν Gal.19.171. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> [[wittingly]], [[purposely]], ἑκὼν δ' ἡμάρτανε φωτός <span class="bibl">Il.10.372</span>, etc.; σφόδρ' ἑκὼν . . ἀγνοεῖν προσποιούμενος <span class="bibl">D.29.13</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> in Att. Prose (cf. Phryn.241), <b class="b3">ἑ. εἶναι</b> <b class="b2">as far as depends on one's will, as far as concerns one</b>, with a neg., <span class="bibl">Hdt. 7.104</span>, <span class="bibl">8.116</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ap.</span>37a</span>, al.; also in oblique cases, ὑπὸ σοῦ ἑκόντος εἶναι <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Grg.</span>499c</span>; or in a sentence implying a neg., <b class="b3">θαυμάζοιμεν ἂν εἰ . . τις ἑκὼν εἶναι</b> (fort. delendum) . . <b class="b3">ἀφικνεῖται</b>; <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Lg.</span>646b</span>: once affirm., ἑκὼν εἶναι . . οἴχετο <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.164</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> rarely of things, κακὰ ἑ. κοὐκ ἄκοντα <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>1230</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">III</span> for Adv. see <b class="b3">ἑκοντήν, ἑκοντί</b>: regul. Adv. <b class="b3">ἑκόντως</b> is dub. in Aristid.2.187, 226J.</span>

|etymtx=Grammatical information: v.<br />Meaning: [[voluntary]], [[deliberately]]<br />Other forms: (Cret., Locr. <b class="b3">Ϝεκών</b>), <b class="b3">ἑκοῦσα</b> (Cyren. IVa <b class="b3">ἑκασσα</b>, Cret. <b class="b3">Ϝεκαθ</b><<b class="b3">θ</b>><b class="b3">α</b> in <b class="b3">γεκαθά ἑκοῦσα</b> H.; <b class="b3">ἀέκων</b>, Att. <b class="b3">ἄκων</b>, <b class="b3">ἀέκουσα</b>, <b class="b3">ἄκουσα</b> (Dor. <b class="b3">ἀέκασσα</b> in <<b class="b3">ἀέ</b>><b class="b3">κασσα ἄκουσα</b> H.), <b class="b3">ἀέκον</b>, <b class="b3">ἆκον</b> <b class="b2">unvoluntary, against one's will</b> (Il.). Cf. Leumann Hom. Wörter 252.), <b class="b3">ἑκόν</b>;<br />Derivatives: <b class="b3">ἑκούσιος</b> "to somebody who wants", i. e. [[from free will]], [[voluntary]] (Ion. Att.) with <b class="b3">ἑκουσιότης</b> (late), <b class="b3">ἑκουσιάζομαι</b> [[sacrifice voluntarily]] with <b class="b3">ἑκουσιασμός</b> <b class="b2">vol. sacrifice</b> (LXX); <b class="b3">ἀεκούσιος</b>, <b class="b3">ἀκούσιος</b> <b class="b2">unvol., unfree, forced</b> (Ion. Att.; on <b class="b3">ἑκών</b>, <b class="b3">ἄκων</b> beside <b class="b3">ἑκούσιος</b>, <b class="b3">ἀκούσιος</b> Schwyzer-Debrunner 180.); - <b class="b3">ἑκοντ-ί</b>, <b class="b3">-ήν</b>, <b class="b3">-ηδόν</b> <b class="b2">vol.</b> (postclass.; Schwyzer 623), <b class="b3">ἑκοντής</b> m. [[volunteer]] (Epikt.), as <b class="b3">ἐθελοντής</b>, cf. Schwyzer-Debrunner 175 Zus. 1; - Denomin. ptc. <b class="b3">ἀεκαζόμενος</b> (Od., h. Cer.), (Wackernagel IF 45, 314 n. 2 = Kl. Schr. 2, 1254 n. 2).<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [1135] <b class="b2">*u̯eḱ-</b> [[to will]], [[want]]<br />Etymology: Old participle (cf. Wackernagel Syntax 1, 283 and 286), identical with Skt. <b class="b2">uś-ánt-</b>, f. <b class="b2">uś-at-ī́</b> (: <b class="b3">ἑκασσα</b> < <b class="b3">*Ϝεκ-ατ-ι̯α</b>) except the stemvowel (on spir. asper Schwyzer 227); the Greek full grade from in the lost indicative <b class="b3">*Ϝέκ-μι</b> = Hitt. <b class="b2">u̯ek-mi</b>, Skt. <b class="b2">váś-mi</b> [[I want]], [[desire]]. - Vgl. [[ἑκάεργος]], [[ἕνεκα]] and [[ἕκητι]]. The origin of <b class="b3">ἕκα-</b> (<b class="b2">*u̯eḱnt-</b>?) is not certain.