ἔθος: Difference between revisions

|Definition=εος, τό, (ἔθω) <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> [[custom]], [[habit]], <b class="b3">ἔ. τὸ πρόσθε τοκήων</b> (but prob. f.l. for [[ἦθος]]) <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>728</span> (lyr.); τὸ σύνηθες ἔ. <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>894</span>; εἰ τὸ ἔ. συνθήκη <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Cra.</span>435a</span>; πάτρια ἔ. <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Plt.</span>295a</span>: prov., "<b class="b3">ἔ., φασί, δευτέρη φύσις</b>" <span class="bibl">Jul.<span class="title">Mis.</span>353a</span>; <b class="b3">ἐν ἔθει τῇ πόλει εἶναι</b> to be [[the habit]], <span class="bibl">Th.2.64</span>; <b class="b3">ἔ. ἐστίν τινι</b>, c. inf., <span class="bibl">Cratin.Jun.7.1</span>, <span class="bibl">Alex.253</span>; <b class="b3">ἔθος ἔχειν</b>, c. inf., <span class="bibl">Plu. <span class="title">Them.</span>4</span>; <b class="b3">ἔθει</b> [[by habit]], [[habitually]], opp. <b class="b3">φύσει</b>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">EN</span>1179b21</span>; ἐν ἔθει <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Fr.</span>122</span>; <b class="b3">δι' ἔθος</b>, opp. <b class="b3">ἐκ γενετῆς</b>, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">EN</span>1154a33</span>; <b class="b3">ἐξ ἔθους</b> ib. <span class="bibl">1103a17</span>; κατὰ τὰ Ῥωμαίων ἔ. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PSI</span>3.182</span> (iii A. D.), etc. (<b class="b3">σϝέθ</b>-, cf. Lat. [[suesco]]; v. [[βεσόν]].)</span>

|etymtx=Grammatical information: n.<br />Meaning: [[custom]], [[usage]] (Ion.-Att.).<br />Derivatives: Old only <b class="b3">ἐθάς</b> m. f. [[usual]] (Hp., Th.); late <b class="b3">ἔθιμος</b> [[usual]] (Amorgos Ia, D. S. etc.; after <b class="b3">νόμιμος</b>, Arbenz Die Adj. auf <b class="b3">-ιμος</b> 99), <b class="b3">ἐθικός</b> [[usual]] (Plu.), <b class="b3">ἐθήμων</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> (Musae.) with <b class="b3">ἐθημο-λογέω</b> [[collect as usual]] (AP), <b class="b3">ἐθημοσύνη</b> (H., Suid.). Denomin. verb <b class="b3">ἐθίζω</b> (not with Schwyzer 716 from <b class="b3">*ἔθω</b>, s. <b class="b3">ἔθων</b> and <b class="b3">εἴωθα</b>) with <b class="b3">ἔθισμα</b> [[usage]] (Pl.), <b class="b3">ἐθισμός</b> [[custom]] (Arist.).<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European]X [probably] [883] <b class="b2">*su̯edʰ-</b> [[own character]]?<br />Etymology: If one assumes <b class="b3">*Ϝέθος</b> from IE <b class="b2">*su̯édhos</b> (with dissimilation) one can compare Skt. <b class="b2">svadhā,́</b> [[use]], [[own character]]. Further there is the Germ. word for [[custom]], Goth. [[sidus]] m. etc., which will go back on IE <b class="b2">*sedhu-</b>. Also Lat. [[sodālis]] [[comrade]] as <b class="b2">*su̯edhālis</b> (<b class="b2">su̯odh-</b>) has been compared. The basis of <b class="b2">su̯edh-</b>, <b class="b2">sedh-</b> can be the reflexive <b class="b2">*s(u̯)e</b> (s. <b class="b3">ἕ</b>, <b class="b3">ἑ</b>); "das erweiternde [[dh]] wird gewöhnlich, aber ganz willkürlich, mit dem Wort für [[setzen]], [[tun]] (s. <b class="b3">τίθημι</b>) identifiziert" (Frisk). - See [[εἴωθα]], [[ἦθος]], aslo [[ἔτης]] and <b class="b3">ἕταρος</b>.