ἔοικα: Difference between revisions

|Definition=<span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> [[as]], ε, etc., pf. with pres. sense, to [[be like]]: rarely in other tenses, 3sg. impf. εἶκε [[it was opportune]], <span class="bibl">Il.18.520</span> (unless fr. εἴκω <span class="bibl">111</span>): fut. εἴξω [[will be like]], <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Nu.</span>1001</span>; pf. 3dual ἔϊκτον <span class="bibl">Od.4.27</span>; 1pl. ἔοιγμεν <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>1239</span>, <span class="title">Ichn.</span>95, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Cyc.</span>99</span>; ἐοίκαμεν <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">La.</span>193d</span>; 3pl. εἴξασι <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hel.</span>497</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Av.</span>96</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Plt.</span>291a</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Sph.</span>230a</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.Com.22</span>,<span class="bibl">153</span>, <span class="bibl">Eub.98.8</span>; ἐοίκασι <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>584d</span>; inf. εἰκέναι <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Fr.</span>167</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Nu.</span>185</span> (cf. [[προσέοικα]]); part. [[εἰκώς]] (also ἐϊκώς <span class="bibl">Il.21.254</span>, v. sub [[εἰκός]]) ; εἰοικυῖαι <span class="bibl">18.418</span>: Ion. (not Ep.) <b class="b3">οἶκα, ας, ε,</b> <span class="bibl">Hdt.4.82</span>,<span class="bibl">5.20</span>,<span class="bibl">106</span>, part. οἰκώς <span class="bibl">Id.6.125</span>; but <b class="b3">ἔοκια, ἐοικώς</b> are found in other Ionic writers, as <span class="bibl">Semon. 7.41</span>, <span class="bibl">Anacr.84</span>, <span class="bibl">Heraclit.1</span>, Hp.Aër.6, <span class="bibl">Democr.266</span>, and codd. of Hdt. vary; 2sg. [[εἶκας]] (v.l. [[οἶκας]]) <span class="bibl">Alcm.80</span>: plpf. <b class="b3">ἐῴκειν, εις, ει,</b> <span class="bibl">Od. 1.411</span>, etc.; 3pl. ἐῴκεσαν <span class="bibl">Th.7.75</span>, etc., Ep. ἐοίκεσαν <span class="bibl">Il.13.102</span>; Ep. 3dual ἐΐκτην <span class="bibl">1.104</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.4.662</span>, <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Sc.</span>390</span> codd.: Att. plpf. ᾔκειν <span class="bibl">Ar. <span class="title">Av.</span>1298</span> (Dawes from Sch.):—Pass., 3sg. pf. ἤϊκται <span class="bibl">Nic.<span class="title">Th.</span>658</span>: plpf. ἤϊκτο <span class="bibl">Od.20.31</span>, al., ἔϊκτο <span class="bibl">Il.23.107</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">I</span> to [[be like]], [[look like]], c. dat., <span class="bibl">Il.14.474</span>, etc.; Μαχάονι πάντα ἔοικε <span class="bibl">11.613</span>; κεφαλήν τε καὶ ὄμματα καλὰ ἔοικας κείνῳ <span class="bibl">Od.1.208</span>; so <b class="b3">εἶδός τε μέγεθός τε, δέμας</b>, etc., <span class="bibl">Il.2.58</span>, <span class="bibl">21.285</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">εἰς ὦπα ἔοικεν, ἄντα ἐῴκει</b>, <span class="bibl">3.158</span>, <span class="bibl">24.630</span>, al.; <b class="b3">μελαίνῃ κηρὶ ἔοικε</b> [[is considered like]], i.e. [[hated like]], death, <span class="bibl">Od.17.500</span>: c. part., <b class="b3">αἰεὶ γὰρ δίφρου ἐπιβησομένοισιν ἐΐκτην</b> [[seemed]] always just about to set foot upon the chariot, <span class="bibl">Il.23.379</span>; <b class="b3">ἔοικε σημαίνοντι</b> [[seems]] to indicate, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Cra.</span>437a</span>; <b class="b3">τοὐναντίον ἔοικεν σπεύδοντι</b> [[seems]] to urge the opposite, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Prt.</span>361b</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>1.6.10</span>,<span class="bibl">4.3.8</span>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Sens.</span>437b24</span>; <b class="b3">ἔοικεν τοῦτο ἀτόπῳ</b> this [[is like]] an absurdity, [[seems]] absurd, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phd.</span> 62d</span>; δαιμονίᾳ ἔοικεν εὐεργεσίᾳ <span class="bibl">D.2.1</span>: used by A. in this sense only in part. [[εἰκώς]] [[like]], c. dat., <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ag.</span>760</span> (lyr.), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ch.</span>560</span> (cf. IV.<span class="bibl">1</span>). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> ἐοικέναι κατά τι [[to be analogous to]], <span class="bibl">Plot.4.4.39</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> [[seem]], c. inf. (where we make the Verb impersonal): c. inf. pres., [[methinks]], <b class="b3">ἔοικα δέ τοι παραείδειν ὥς τε θεῷ</b> I [[seem]] to sing (i. e. [[methinks]] I sing) to thee, as to a god, <span class="bibl">Od.22.348</span>; <b class="b3">χλιδᾶν ἔοικας</b> [[methinks]] thou art delicate, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>971</span>; ἔοικα θρηνεῖν μάτην <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ch.</span>926</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">730</span>; ἔοικα . . οὐκ εἰδέναι <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>744</span>; ἔοικα . . ἐποικτίρειν σε <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ph.</span>317</span>: c. fut. inf., <b class="b3">θέλξειν μ' ἔοικας</b> [[it seems likely]] that thou wilt... <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Eu.</span>900</span>; ἐρεῖν ἔοικας <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Pr.</span>984</span>; ἔοικα θεσπιῳδήσειν <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ag.</span>1161</span>; κτενεῖν ἔοικας <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ch.</span>922</span>; τὸν ἄνδρ' ἔοικεν ὕπνος ἔξειν <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>821</span>; ἔοικα πράξειν οὐδέν <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hec.</span>813</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Cyc.</span>99</span>: c. aor. inf., <b class="b3">πικροὺς ἔοιγμεν . . ἀγῶνας κηρῦξαι</b> [[methinks]] we proclaimed, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>1239</span>: c. pf. inf., ἔοικεν ἐπωνομάσθαι <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Cra.</span>419c</span>: c. part., <b class="b3">ἔοικε κεκλημένη</b> [[seems]] to be called, ibid.; ἐοίκατε ἡδόμενοι <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span>6.3.8</span>; κατακεκομμένη ἔοικεν ἡ σύνθεσις καὶ εὐκαταφρόνητος <span class="bibl">Demetr.<span class="title">Eloc.</span>4</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> impers., [[ἔοικε]] [[it seems]]: <b class="b3">ὡς ἔοικε</b> as [[it seems]], <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>576</span>,<span class="bibl">740</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">El.</span>772</span>, <span class="bibl">1341</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Andr.</span>551</span>, etc., used by Pl. merely to modify a statement, [[probably]], [[I believe]], [[Phd]].61c, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">R.</span>332b</span>, al.; [[ἔοικεν]] in answers, [[so it seems]], ib.<span class="bibl">334a</span>, <span class="bibl">346c</span>, al. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> personal in the same sense, ὡς ἔοικας <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">El.</span>516</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Tr.</span>1241</span>; ὡς εἴξασιν <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hel.</span>497</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">III</span> [[beseem]], [[befit]], c. dat. pers., τὸ μὲν ἀπιέναι . . οὐδενὶ καλῷ ἔοικε <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>6.5.17</span> (unless <b class="b3">οὐδενὶ κ</b>. is neut.); ἀνδράσι ἔοικεν τὰ τῆς γεωργίας <span class="bibl"><span class="title">POxy.</span> 899.18</span> (<span class="bibl">200</span> A.D.): c. dat. et inf., τὰ μὲν οὔ τι καταθνητοῖσιν ἔοικεν ἄνδρεσσιν φορέειν <span class="bibl">Il.10.440</span>; cf. <span class="bibl">111.2</span> fin. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> most freq. impers., [[ἔοικε]] [[it is fitting]], [[reasonable]], mostly with neg. and folld. by inf., οὐκ ἔστ' οὐδὲ ἔοικε τεὸν ἔπος ἀρνήσασθαι <span class="bibl">Il.14.212</span>; οὐ γὰρ ἔοικ' ὀτρυνέμεν <span class="bibl">4.286</span>: freq. c. acc. et inf., <span class="bibl">12.212</span>, al.; in <span class="bibl">Od.22.196</span> an inf. must be supplied, <b class="b3">εὐνῇ ἔνι μαλακῇ καταλέγμενος, ὥς σε ἔοικεν</b> (sc. [[καταλέξασθαι]]) <b class="b3">; ἐπεὶ οὐδὲ ἔοικε</b> (sc. [[εἶναι]]) <span class="bibl">Il.1.119</span>:—rare in Att., ἔοικεν νέῳ . . ὀργὴν ὑποφέρειν <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>879c</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">IV</span> part. <b class="b3">ἐοικώς, εἰκώς</b>, Ion. <b class="b3">οἰκώς, υῖα, ός,</b> </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">1</span> [[seeming like]], [[like]], <span class="bibl">Il.3.449</span>, etc.:—the longer form is found in Att. Prose, φόβος οὐδενὶ ἐοικώς <span class="bibl">Th.7.71</span>; εἰκώς <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>760</span> (lyr.), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ch.</span>560</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Cyc.</span>376</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">V.</span>1321</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> [[fitting]], [[seemly]], <b class="b3">μῦθοί γε ἐοικότες... ὧδε ἐοικότα μυθήσασθαι</b>, <span class="bibl">Od.3.124</span>,<span class="bibl">125</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">4.239</span>; ἐοικότι κεῖται ὀλέθρῳ <span class="bibl">1.46</span>; <b class="b3">ἐϊκυῖαν ἄκοιτιν</b> [[a suitable]] wife, 'a help [[meet for]] <b class="b2">him'</b>, <span class="bibl">Il.9.399</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> [[likely]], [[probable]], <b class="b3">εἰκός ἐστι</b>, = [[ἔοικε]], <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">El.</span>659</span>, <span class="bibl">1488</span>, etc.; esp. <b class="b3">ὡς εἰκός</b>, Ion. <b class="b3">ὡς οἰκός</b>, = [[ὡς ἔοικε]], <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.45</span> (sc. [[ἦν]]), <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>498</span>, etc.; οἷον εἰκός <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>406c</span>; καθάπερ εἰκός <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ti.</span>24d</span>; also ὡς τὸ εἰκός <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Phd.</span>67a</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">R.</span>407d</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">οἱ εἰκότες λόγοι, μῦθοι</b>, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ti.</span> 48d</span>, <span class="bibl">59c</span>; <b class="b3">ἀδύνατα εἰκότα</b> [[plausible]] miracles, opp. <b class="b3">δυνατὰ ἀπίθανα</b>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Po.</span>1460a27</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">4</span> <b class="b3">καὶ τὰ ἐοικότα</b> and [[the like]], αἶγες, αἴλουροι, καὶ τὰ ἐ. <span class="bibl">S.E.<span class="title">P.</span>1.47</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">3.180</span>; ἄρτιον, περιττόν, τέλειον, τὰ ἐ. <span class="bibl">Nicom. <span class="title">Ar.</span>1.3</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">5</span> neut. Subst. [[εἰκός]] (q.v.).</span>

|etymtx=Grammatical information: v.<br />Meaning: [[resemble]] (Il.); s. Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 424f., 479f., Schwyzer 769, 773, 541.<br />Other forms: ep. du. [[ἔϊκτον]], Att. pl. [[ἐοίκαμεν]], pret. sg. [[ἐῴκειν]], ep. du. [[ἐΐκτην]], Att. pl. [[ἐῴκεσαν]], med. ep. [[ἔϊκτο]], [[ἤϊκτο]], ptc. [[εἰκώς]] (Φ 254, Att.) beside [[ἐοικώς]] (for <b class="b3">*Ϝε-Ϝικ-Ϝώς</b> after [[ἔοικα]]? Leumann Celtica 3, 241ff.), f. [[ἐϊκυῖα]], n. [[εἰκός]]; [[οἶκα]], [[οἰκώς]] (Hdt.)<br />Compounds: Also with prefix <b class="b3">ἐπ-</b>, <b class="b3">ἀπ-έοικα</b> a. o.<br />Derivatives: Innovation factitive [[εἰκάζω]] (s. v.) and [[ἐΐσκω]] (Il., only present-stem, ipf. <b class="b3">ἴσκε(ν</b>), ptc. <b class="b3">ἴσκοντ-</b>) [[make equal]], [[compare]], [[suppose]].<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European]X [probably] [1129] <b class="b2">*u̯eik-</b> <b class="b2">be fitting?</b><br />Etymology: The old intransitive perfect [[ἔοικα]] (from where through hyphaeresis [[οἶκα]] etc.; diff. Schwyzer 766f.) continues, as is shown by the metre (Chantraine 1, 129), <b class="b3">*Ϝέ-Ϝοικ-α</b>, du. <b class="b3">*Ϝέ-Ϝικ-τον</b>, plusquamperf. *(<b class="b3">ἐ-)Ϝε-Ϝοίκ-ει</b> (> [[ἐῴκει]]; Debrunner Mus. Helv. 2, 199); innovations were <b class="b3">*Ϝε-Ϝίκ-σκ-ω</b> (> [[ἐΐσκω]]), <b class="b3">*Ϝε-Ϝικ-άζω</b> > [[ἐϊκάζω]], [[εἰκάζω]] (diff. Schwyzer 298 with Schulze KZ 43, 185). A form without reduplication <b class="b3">*Ϝικ-σκ-ω</b> is supposed in <b class="b3">ἴσκε(ν</b>), [[ἴσκοντ]]' (e. g. Schwyzer 708; Chantraine 317). No reduplication in <b class="b3">(Ϝ)[[εικών]] (s. v.); for [[εἰκώς]] however is beside <b class="b3">Ϝεικ-</b> (Schwyzer 541, 767; thus also s. [[εἰκών]]) also <b class="b3">*Ϝε-Ϝικ-Ϝώς</b> (s. above) possible. On [[εἴκελος]] s. [[ἴκελος]]; on [[ἐπιεικής]] s. v. - No certain cognate. The comparison with the Baltic root Lith. <b class="b2">į-vỹkti</b> [[occur]], [[happen]], [[get real]], <b class="b2">pa-véikslas</b> [[example]] etc. is doubtful.