ἰσχύς: Difference between revisions

|Definition=[v. sub fin.], ύος, ἡ, <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> [[strength]] of body, <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Th.</span>146</span>, <span class="bibl">823</span>, etc.; ἀκμαὶ ἰσχύος <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>1.96</span>; δεινὸν ἰσχύος θράσος <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>104</span>; τὴν ἰ. δεινὰ καὶ τὴν ῥώμην <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Smp.</span>190b</span>; πρὸς ἰσχὺν ὀφθαλμοὶ ἄριστα πεφυκότες <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Smp.</span>5.5</span>: pl., ἰσχύες καὶ ἀσθένειαι <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>618d</span>; κατὰ σωμάτων ἰσχῦς καὶ εὐμορφίας <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Lg.</span>744c</span>; of places, ἰσχὺς γῆς <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>610</span>; of a fortified place, <span class="bibl">Th.4.35</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> [[might]], [[power]], <b class="b3">θεοῦ, θεῶν</b>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Th.</span>226</span> (lyr.), <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span> 118</span>; ἰ. βασιλεία <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pers.</span>590</span> (lyr.), cf. <span class="bibl">12</span>(anap.); <b class="b3">ὅπου γὰρ ἰ. συζυγοῦσι καὶ δίκη</b> [[might]] and right, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Fr.</span>381</span>; <b class="b3">φύσεως ἰ</b>., of Themistocles, <span class="bibl">Th. 1.138</span>; <b class="b3">ἐπὶ μέγα ἐλθεῖν ἰσχύος</b> to a great height [[of power]], <span class="bibl">Id.2.97</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">1.85</span>, etc.; παρὰ ἰσχὺν τῆς δυνάμεως <span class="bibl">Id.7.66</span>; <b class="b3">ἰ. μάχης</b> fighting [[power]], <span class="bibl">Id.2.97</span>; ἰ. τῆς ἐλπίδος <span class="bibl">Id.4.65</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">2.62</span>; <b class="b3">ἡ τῶν νόμων ἰ</b>. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">POxy.</span>67.14</span> (iv A.D.); [[validity]], PGrenf.2.71ii11 (iii A.D.), etc. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> [[brute force]], <b class="b3">κατ' ἰσχύν</b> [[perforce]], opp. <b class="b3">δόλῳ</b>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>214</span>; πρὸς ἰσχύος κράτος <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span> 594</span>; πρὸς ἰσχύος χάριν <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Med.</span>538</span>; ὑπὸ τῆς ἰσχύος <span class="bibl">Epicr.3.10</span>; κατέχοντες ἰσχύϊ τὸ πλῆθος <span class="bibl">Th.3.62</span>; εἴ τι ἰσχύϊ πράττεται, ἰσχυρῶς πράττεται <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Prt.</span>332b</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">4</span> [[motive force]], <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Ph.</span>250a6</span>; <b class="b3">ἡ κινοῦσα ἰ</b>. <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Cael.</span>275b20</span>, al. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">5</span> in Lit. Crit., [[vigour]] of style, <span class="bibl">D.H.<span class="title">Pomp.</span>3</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Comp.</span> 2</span>,al. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> in Tactics, the [[main body]] of troops, οὔπω ἡ ἰ. πάρεστιν <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>1.4.19</span>. [ῠ in gen., etc.: in nom. and acc. sg. ῠ in <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">N.</span>11.31</span> (acc.): ῡ in Trag. and Com., <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Th.</span>1080</span> (anap.), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ch.</span>721</span> (anap.), <span class="bibl">S. <span class="title">Aj.</span>118</span>, <span class="bibl">Men.449</span>.] (Perh. <b class="b3">ϝισχύς</b>, cf. <b class="b3">βίσχυν, γισχύν</b>.)</span>

|etymtx=-ύος<br />Grammatical information: f.<br />Meaning: [[power]], [[strength]], [[might]] (seit Hes.).<br />Compounds: Comp. <b class="b3">ἄν-ισχυς</b> [[powerless]] (LXX). - as 1. member e. g. <b class="b3">ἰσχυρο-ποιέω</b> [[strengthen]], [[fortify]] (Plb.), as 2. member (for uneasy <b class="b3">-ισχυς</b>, Frisk Adj. priv. 18) in <b class="b3">ἀν-ίσχυρος</b> [[not strong]], [[without power]] (Hp., Str.), <b class="b3">ὑπερ-ίσχυρος</b> [[extremely strong]] (X., Arist.).<br />Derivatives: Denomin. verb <b class="b3">ἰσχύω</b>, aor. <b class="b3">ἰσχῦσαι</b>, also with prefix, <b class="b3">ἐν-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐξ-</b>, <b class="b3">κατ-</b>, <b class="b3">ὑπερ-</b> etc., [[have power]], [[strength]], [[might]] (Pi., Hp., att.) with <b class="b3">ἴσχυσις</b> (LXX). - Adj. <b class="b3">ἰσχυρός</b> [[powerful]], [[strong]], [[mighty]], [[vehement]] (IA) - From there <b class="b3">ἰσχυρικός</b> [[strong]] (Pl. Tht. 169b; expressive enlargement?; diff. Chantraine Ét. sur le vocab. gr. 147) and the denominatives 1. <b class="b3">ἰσχυρίζομαι</b>, also with prefix as <b class="b3">δι-</b>, <b class="b3">ἀπ-</b>, <b class="b3">ἀντ-</b>, <b class="b2">prove strong, exert oneself, proclaim emphatically etc.</b> (Heraclit., Att.) with the desiderative <b class="b3">ἰσχυρι-είω</b> [[venture to affirm]] (Hp.); 2. <b class="b3">κατ-ισχυρεύομαι</b> [[be vehement]] (Aq.); <b class="b3">Ίσχύλος</b> PN (inscr.).<br />Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]<br />Etymology: From H. (and Hdn. Gr. 1, 509) <b class="b3">βίσχυν</b> (Lac.), <b class="b3">γισχύν ἰσχύν</b> would lead to PGr. <b class="b3">*Ϝισχύς</b> (which Brugmann IF 16, 493f., Grundr.2 2 : 1, 209 connected with Skt. <b class="b2">vi-ṣah-</b> [[have in ones power]]; so to <b class="b3">σχ-εῖν</b>, <b class="b3">ἔχειν</b> (s. v.) with the prefix <b class="b2">*u̯i-</b> [[from one another]], also augment.; cf. on <b class="b3">ἴδιος</b>). But Myc. [[isukuwo-doto]] shows no digamma. The connection with <b class="b3">ἔχειν</b> seems rather improbable. On the <b class="b2">ū-</b>stem (like <b class="b3">πληθύς</b>, <b class="b3">νηδύς</b> etc.) s. Schwyzer 463f.; further Meid IF 63, 1 1, who assumes an abstract formation from an adj. <b class="b3">*Ϝι-σχ-ύς</b> [[resisting]] (<b class="b3">-υ-</b> as in <b class="b3">ἐχυ-ρός</b>), which is also not convincing - Diff. Meillet BSL 27, 129ff.: prothetic <b class="b3">ἰ-</b> , adaptation to <b class="b3">Ϝίς</b> sec. - Chantraine Emerita 19, 134ff. considers connection with <b class="b3">ἰξύς</b>, <b class="b3">ἰσχίον</b>; there also on meaning and use (<b class="b3">ἰσχύς</b> as popular avoided by Hom. ?). Pre-Greek origin seems quite probable.