ἰθύς: Difference between revisions

|Definition=(A) [<b class="b3">ῑ], ἰθεῖα, ἰθύ</b>, Ion. fem. <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> ἰθέα <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.17</span>, <span class="bibl">Eus.Mynd.63</span> (but <b class="b3">ἰθείης, ῃ, αν</b> are prob. in oblique cases)&lt;*&gt; Comp. <b class="b3">ἰθύντερος</b> Hdn.Gr.<span class="bibl">2.927</span>: Sup. <b class="b3">ἰθύντατος</b> or <b class="b3">-ύτατος</b> (v. infr.):—Ion. and Ep. form of Att. <b class="b3">εὐθύς</b>: </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">1</span> [[straight]], used by Hom. in this sense only in Adv. <b class="b3">ἰθύς</b> (infr. <span class="bibl">11</span>); <b class="b3">ἰθείῃ τέχνῃ</b> [[straightway]], [[forthwith]], <span class="bibl">Hdt.9.57</span>; ἰθέα ὁδός <span class="bibl">Id.2.17</span>; <b class="b3">ἰθεῖαν</b> (sc. <b class="b3">ὁδόν</b>) [[straight on]], <span class="bibl">Id.7.193</span>; <b class="b3">ἐκ τῆς ἰθείης</b> [[outright]], [[openly]], <span class="bibl">Id.2.161</span>, al.; ἰ. ἀτραπός <span class="bibl">Nic.<span class="title">Th.</span>265</span>, cf. <span class="title">AP</span>10.3; ἰθύντατον ἴχνος <span class="bibl">D.P.651</span>; γραφίδες ἰθύταται <span class="title">AP</span>6.63 (Damoch.); <b class="b3">ἰθύτατον ὄρος</b> [[steepest]], <span class="bibl">App.<span class="title">Hisp.</span>1</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> in moral sense, [[straight-forward]], [[just]], <b class="b3">εἰ δ' ἄγ' ἐγὼν αὐτὸς δικάσω, . . ἰθεῖα γὰρ ἔσται [ἡ δίκη</b>] <span class="bibl">Il.23.580</span>; ἰθείῃσι δίκῃσιν <span class="bibl"><span class="title">h.Cer.</span>152</span>, <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Th.</span>86</span>, cf.<span class="bibl"><span class="title">Op.</span>36</span>; opp. <b class="b3">σκολιαὶ δίκαι</b>, ib.<span class="bibl">224</span>: in Sup. Adv., <b class="b3">δίκην ἰθύντατα εἰπεῖν</b> to give judgement [[the most fairly]], <span class="bibl">Il. 18.508</span>; later οὔποτε δουλείη κεφαλὴ ἰθεῖα πέφυκεν <span class="bibl">Thgn.535</span>; πρήξιες ἰθύτεραι <span class="bibl">Id.1026</span>; Δίκα ἰθεῖα <span class="bibl">B.14.54</span>; ἰθύς τε καὶ δίκαιος <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.96</span>; <b class="b3">λόγος ἰ</b> ib.<span class="bibl">118</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> <b class="b3">ἰθύς</b>, or less freq. <b class="b3">ἰθύ</b>, as Adv., [[straight at]], mostly c. gen. objecti, βῆ ῥ' ἰθὺς Διομήδεος <span class="bibl">Il.5.849</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">16.584</span>; <b class="b3">ἰθὺς κίεν οἴκου</b> went [[straight towards]] the dwelling, <span class="bibl">24.471</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Od.15.511</span>; ἰθὺ βέλος πέτετ' οὐδ' ἀπολήγει <span class="bibl">Il.20.99</span>; ἔπλεε ἰθὺ τοῦ Ἴστρου <span class="bibl">Hdt.4.89</span>; ἰθὺ τῆς ἀρχῆς τῆς Τομύριος <span class="bibl">1.207</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">6.95</span>, al.; ἰθὺ βαδίζειν <span class="bibl">Semus 20</span>; ἰθὺς πρὸς τεῖχος ἔκιον <span class="bibl">Il.12.137</span>; ἰθὺς ἐπὶ Θεσσαλίης <span class="bibl">Hdt.5.64</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> abs., <b class="b3">ἰθὺς φρονέων</b> resolving to go [[straight on]], <span class="bibl">Il.12.124</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">13.135</span>; ἰθὺς μεμαώς <span class="bibl">11.95</span>, etc.; of a bird's flight, <span class="title">SIG</span>1167.7 (Ephesus, vi B.C.); <b class="b3">ἰθὺς μαχέσασθαι</b> to fight [[face to face]], <span class="bibl">Il.17.168</span>; μένος χειρῶν ἰθὺς φέρον <span class="bibl">5.506</span>; also <b class="b3">τέτραπτο πρὸς ἰθύ οἱ</b> (v.l. [[πρὸς ἰθύν]], cf. sq.) he fronted him [[face to face]], <span class="bibl">14.403</span>; <b class="b3">κατ' ἰθὺ γούνασιν</b> [[opposite]], i.e. [[vertically below]], the knees, <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Off.</span>3</span>; of Time, [[straightway]], <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.58</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> regul. Adv. ἰθέως <span class="bibl">Id.2.121</span>.<b class="b3">β</b>, al.; πλέειν ἰθέως ἐπὶ τὸν Ἑλλήσποντον <span class="bibl">Id.8.108</span>.</span><br /><span class="bld">ἰθύς</span> (B) [<b class="b3">ῑθῡ], ἡ</b>, used by Hom. only in acc. <b class="b3">ἰθύν</b>: <span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">1</span> <b class="b3">ἀν' ἰθύν</b>,= [[against]], <b class="b3">πρὸς ῥόον ἀΐσσοντος ἀν' ἰθύν</b> [[against]] the stream, <span class="bibl">Il.21.303</span>; <b class="b3">ἐπεὶ δὴ σφαίρῃ ἀν' ἰθὺν πειρήσαντο</b> in throwing [[straight upwards]], <span class="bibl">Od. 8.377</span>; <b class="b3">πρὸς ἰθύν</b> v.l. in <span class="bibl">Il.14.403</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> [[enterprise]], οἷσι μάλιστα πεποίθεα πᾶσαν ἐπ' ἰθύν <span class="bibl">Od.4.434</span>; ἄριστοι πᾶσαν ἐπ' ἰθύν ἐστε μάχεσθαί τε φρονέειν τε <span class="bibl">Il.6.79</span>; <b class="b3">γυναικῶν γνώομεν ἰθύν</b> their [[mood]], [[designs]], <span class="bibl">Od.16.304</span>; <b class="b3">ἐμὴν ἰ</b>. dub. in <span class="bibl"><span class="title">h.Ap.</span>539</span>.</span>

|etymtx=Grammatical information: adj.<br />Meaning: [[straight]], [[just]], also adv. (beside rare <b class="b3">ἰθύ</b>, <b class="b3">ἰθέως</b>) [[straightforward]] (Il.; cf. on <b class="b3">εὑθύς</b>); superl. <b class="b3">ἰθύντατα</b> (Hom.; after <b class="b3">ἰθύνω</b>?, diff. Schwyzer 534).<br />Compounds: Often as 1. member (s. Strömberg Prefix Studies 156), e. g. <b class="b3">ἰθυ-ωρίη</b>, see on <b class="b3">εὑθυωρία</b>. <b class="b3">ἰθυ-βέλεια</b> epithet of Artemis [[whose arrows go straight]] (ZPE 88, 1991, 70 l. 11, Ia).<br />Derivatives: 1. <b class="b3">ἰθύς</b> f. [[straight direction]], [[enterprise]], only in acc. <b class="b3">ἀν</b>' <b class="b3">ἰθύν</b>, <b class="b3">πᾶσαν ἐπ</b>' <b class="b3">ἰθύν</b> etc. (Hom.); for the explanation Schwyzer 463 w. n. 8, Frisk Eranos 43, 221. 2. <b class="b3">ἰθύτης</b> f. <b class="b2">id.</b> (Aret.). Denomin. verbs: 1. <b class="b3">ἰθύω</b>, aor. <b class="b3">ἰθῦσαι</b>, also with <b class="b3">ἐπι-</b>, <b class="b2">go straight, be eager, desire</b> (Il.); 2. <b class="b3">ἰθύνω</b>, aor. <b class="b3">ἰθῦναι</b>, pass. <b class="b3">ἰθυνθῆναι</b>, also with prefix, <b class="b3">δι-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐξ-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐπ-</b>, <b class="b3">κατ-ιθύνω</b> etc., [[make straight]], [[direct]], [[steer]], [[lead]] (Il.; Schwyzer 733) with <b class="b3">ἰθυντήρ</b> [[who steers]], [[leader]] (Theoc., A. R.), f. <b class="b3">ἰθύντειρα</b> (Orph. A. 352), adj. <b class="b3">-τήριος</b> [[steering]], [[leading]] (S. Ichn. 73); also <b class="b3">ἰθύντωρ</b> (Orph.), <b class="b3">ἰθύντης</b> (H.) <b class="b2">id.</b>; postverbal <b class="b3">ἴθυνα</b> = <b class="b3">εὔθυνα</b> (Chios V-IVa).<br />Origin: XX [etym. unknown]<br />Etymology: The comparison with Skt. <b class="b2">sādhú-</b> [[straight]], [[just]] (beside <b class="b2">sā́dhati</b>, [[sādhnoti]] [[come to a goal]]) with Skt. zero grade in <b class="b2">sídhyati</b> <b class="b2">id.</b>, ptc. <b class="b2">siddha-</b>, gives <b class="b2">*s(e)Hdh-</b>; Pok. 892. (Earlier reconstructions with a long diphtong can now be forgotten.) Here perhaps also Arm. <b class="b2">aǰ</b> [[dexter]], [[straight]] < <b class="b2">*seh₂dhi̯o-</b>, poss. <b class="b2">*sHdhi̯o-</b> (Lidén Armen. Stud. 75f.). Older lit. in Bq. Wrong Sommer IF 11, 208, Wood ClassPhil. 7, 324, id. Mod. langu. notes 18, 13f. From this form the Greek forms cannot be explained. A Cret. fem. <b class="b3">εἰθεῖα</b> confirmes a form <b class="b3">*εἰθύς</b>, Lamberterie (1990) 287f. Cf. <b class="b3">εἶθαρ</b>, <b class="b3">εὐθύς</b>.