ἰός: Difference between revisions

|Definition=(A) [<b class="b3">ῑ], ὁ</b>, pl. <b class="b3">ἰοί</b>, heterocl.<span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> ἰά <span class="bibl">Il.20.68</span> (Cypr., acc. to <span class="title">AB</span>1095):— [[arrow]], ἰὸν ἕηκε <span class="bibl">Il.1.48</span>; βλήμενος ἢ ἰῷ ἢ ἔγχεϊ <span class="bibl">8.514</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pers.</span>461</span>; ἧκεν κομήτην ἰόν <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Tr.</span>567</span>. (Cf. Skt. [[íṣ]] 'arrow'.)</span><br /><span class="bld">ἰός</span> (B) [<b class="b3">ῑ], ὁ</b>, <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> [[poison]], as of serpents, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Eu.</span>478</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Tr.</span>771</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ion</span> 1015</span>, Plu.2.562c, etc.; [[venom]] of a mad dog, Ruf.<span class="title">Fr.</span>118; <b class="b3">ἰὸς ἀμεμφὴς μελισσῶν</b>, of honey with which snakes fed Iamos, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>6.47</span>: metaph., of envy, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>834</span>. (Cf. Skt. [[viṣám]] 'poison', Lat. [[vīrus]].) </span><br /><span class="bld">ἰός</span> (C) [<b class="b3">ῑ], ὁ</b>, <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> [[rust]] on iron, or [[verdigris]] on copper and bronze, Sapph.141 (dub.), <span class="bibl">Thgn.451</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>609a</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ti.</span>59c</span>, <span class="bibl">Theoc.16.17</span>; ἰ. σιδήρου Dsc.5.80; ἰ. χαλκοῦ <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Mul.</span>1.75</span>, Dsc.5.79, Gal.12.218; [[patina]] on bronze statues, ὅπως καθαρὸς ἰοῦ ἔσται ὁ ἀνδριάς <span class="title">SIG</span>284.15 (Chios, iv B.C.), cf. Plu.2.395b. (Perh. identical with ἰός B.) </span><br /><span class="bld">ἰός</span> [<b class="b3">ῐ], ἴᾰ, ἰόν</b>, <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> [[one]], commonest in fem. (v. <b class="b3">εἷς</b>): neut. ἰῷ κίον ἤματι <span class="bibl">Il.6.422</span>: masc. dat. <b class="b3">ἰῷ</b>, = [[ἐκείνῳ]], <span class="title">Leg.Gort.</span>8.8; but, = [[ἑνί]], ib.7.23; acc., <b class="b3">τόν γ' ἰὸν ἐνιαυτόν</b> the [[same]] year, <span class="title">IG</span>5(1).1390.126 (Andania, i B.C.); <b class="b3">ἰός</b>, = [[μόνος]], acc. to Trypho ap.<span class="bibl">A.D.<span class="title">Pron.</span>56.4</span>.</span>

|etymtx=1. Meaning: [[one and the same]]<br />See also: s. [[ἴα]].<br />2.<br />Grammatical information: m.<br />Meaning: [[arrow]] (Il.; Trümpy Fachausdrücke 67).<br />Other forms: pl. <b class="b3">ἰοί</b>, also <b class="b3">ἰά</b> (Υ 68; on the change of genus Schwyzer-Debrunner 37)<br />Compounds: As 1. member e. g. in <b class="b3">ἰο-δόκος</b> [[receiving arrows]] (<b class="b3">φαρέτρη</b> Hom.), <b class="b3">-η</b> f. [[quiver]] (A. R.); on <b class="b3">ἰο-χέαιρα</b> s. v.<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [301] <b class="b2">*isu-</b> [[arrow]]<br />Etymology: From <b class="b3">*ἰσϜ-ο-</b> and except for the thematic vowel (Schwyzer 472) identical with Skt. <b class="b2">íṣu-</b>, Av. <b class="b2">išu-</b> [[arrow]] (Curtius 402; further lit. in Bq). Meier-Brügger, MSS 49 (19880 75-77, takes <b class="b3">ι᾽ά</b> as ntr. pl. from <b class="b3">*ιhυ</b>, and <b class="b3">ἰός</b> as a sec. sg. derived from it.<br />3.<br />Grammatical information: m.<br />Meaning: [[poison]] (Pi., trag., Plu.).<br />Compounds: As 1. member e. g. in <b class="b3">ἰο-βόρος</b> [[poison eating]] (Nic., Opp.);<br />Derivatives: <b class="b3">ἰώδης</b> [[poisonous]] (Rom. empire).<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [1134] <b class="b2">*uiso-</b> or <b class="b2">*uiso-</b>, <b class="b2">*uiHso-</b>? [[fluidity]], [[slime]], [[poison]]<br />Etymology: Old word for [[poison]], often replaced by euphemistic expressions (<b class="b3">φάρμακον</b>, Lat. [[venēnum]], Germ. [[gift]], French [[poison]] etc.), but still present in the languages of the margin, i. e. Indo-Iranian and Italo-Celtic: Skt. <b class="b2">viṣá-</b> n., Av. <b class="b2">vīša-</b>, Lat. [[vīrus]] n. (genus sec.) = Irisch [[fī]], IE <b class="b2">*u̯īso-</b>; on the quantity cf. e. g. the cases in Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 91. Beside these thematic forms there is Av. <b class="b2">viš-</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> and, with deviating meaning, Skt. <b class="b2">viṣ-</b> [[faeces]]. Thus Lat. [[vīrus]] also means [[tough fluidity]], [[slime]], [[sap]]; cf. also Welsh [[gwyar]] [[blood]] and 4. <b class="b3">ἰός</b>. As IE <b class="b2">*u̯īs(o</b>)- is prob. partly a tabuistic substitution, one considered connection with a verb, Skt. <b class="b2">veṣati</b> [[flow out]] (gramm.), with a Germ. river-name as [[Wisura]] [[Weser]], [[Vistula]] [[Weichsel]] (Krahe Beitr. z. Namenforschung 4, 38ff.); however, these [[Old European]] river names of Krahe are in general pre-, i.e. non-IE. - Lit. bei Bq, WP. 1, 243f., W.-Hofmann s. [[vīrus]].<br />4.<br />Grammatical information: m.<br />Meaning: [[rust]] on iron, [[verdigris]] on copper, bronze (Thgn., Hp., Pl., Theoc., SIG 284, 15 [Chios IVa]).<br />Derivatives: <b class="b3">ἰώδης</b> [[rust-coloured]] (Hp., Thphr.).<br />Origin: XX [etym. unknown]<br />Etymology: Given the changing meaning of IE <b class="b2">*u̯īs(o</b>)- (s. on 3. <b class="b3">ἰός</b>) our word has been identified with it (Fick 23, 242). It could be due to different uses according to occupation; note, that <b class="b3">ἰός</b> [[rust]] as opposed to <b class="b3">ἰός</b> [[poison]] was used also in prose, what may point to a stilistic differentiation.