ὁδός: Difference between revisions

|Definition=ἡ (<b class="b3">οὐδός</b> once in Hom., <span class="bibl">Od.17.196</span>): <span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">I</span> of Place, [[way]], [[road]], <span class="bibl">Il.12.168</span>, <span class="bibl">16.374</span>, <span class="title">IG</span>12.878, al. ; ἱππηλασίη ὁ. <span class="bibl">Il.7.340</span> ; λαοφόρος <span class="bibl">15.682</span> ; ὁ. ἁμαξιτός <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">N.</span>6.54</span> ; <b class="b3">ὁ. ἱερά</b>, to Eleusis, <span class="bibl">Paus.1.36.3</span>, cf. <span class="title">IG</span>12.881 ; βασιλικὴ ὁ. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PPetr.</span>3p.65</span> (iii B.C.), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PSI</span>8.917.8</span> (i A. D.) ; <b class="b3">ποταμοῦ ὁ</b>. [[course]], [[channel]] of a river, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>7.5.16</span> ; ὁ. ἀκοντίου <span class="bibl">Antipho 3.4.5</span> : with expression of the direction, ὁδὸς ἐς . . <span class="bibl">Od. 22.128</span> ; ἡ ὁ. ἡ εἰς ἄστυ <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Smp.</span>173b</span> ; ἐπί . . <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Phdr.</span>272c</span> ; <b class="b3">τὴν εὐθὺς Ἄργους . . ὁ</b>. leading straight to Argos, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hipp.</span>1197</span> ; <b class="b3">τῆς ἀληθείας ὁ</b>. the way [[to truth]], <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Fr.</span>289</span> ; cf. νόστος <span class="bibl">1.1</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> with Preps., πρὸ ὁδοῦ [[further on the way]], [[forwards]], <span class="bibl">Il.4.382</span> (cf. [[φροῦδος]]) ; later, = [[προὔργου]], [[profitable]], [[useful]], <b class="b3">πρὸ ὁ. εἶναι πρός τι</b> to be [[helpful]] towards... <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Cael.</span>292b9</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Metaph.</span>1044a24</span> ; πρὸ ὁδοῦ γέγονεν <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Pol.</span>1338a35</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">D.<span class="title">Prooem.</span>34</span> ; κατ' ὁδόν [[by the way]], <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.41</span>,<span class="bibl">111</span> ; <b class="b3">κατὰ τὴν ὁ</b>. along the [[road]], <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Smp.</span>174d</span>, cf. infr. <span class="bibl">111.3</span> ; <b class="b3">ἐκ τῆς ὁ</b>. on his [[road]], <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.157</span> (but <b class="b3">ἄνθρωπος ἐξ ὁ</b>. 'the man in the street', <span class="bibl">Eup.25</span> D.) ; <b class="b3">ἐν ὁδῷ</b> on [[a road]], <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.114</span> ; ἐν τῇ ὁ. μέσῃ <span class="bibl">Id.3.76</span> (but <b class="b3">ἐν ὁ. καθελών</b> Lexap.<span class="bibl">D.23.53</span>, expld. by <b class="b3">ἐν λόχῳ καὶ ἐνέδρᾳ</b> by Harp. s.v. [[ὁδός]]) ; <b class="b3">ὁδοῦ πάρεργον</b> by [[the way]], cursorily, <span class="bibl">Cic.<span class="title">Att.</span>5.21.13</span>,<span class="bibl">7.1.5</span>, Gal.11.607. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> <b class="b3">ὁδός</b> is freq. omitted, ἐπορευόμην τὴν ἔξω τείχους <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ly.</span> 203a</span> ; <b class="b3">ἡ ἐπὶ θανάτου</b>, v. [[θάνατος]] ; cf. [[τηνάλλως]]. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> as an Action, [[travelling]], [[journeying]], whether by land or water, [[journey]], [[voyage]], <span class="bibl">Od.2.285</span>,<span class="bibl">8.150</span>, etc.; τρίποδας ὁ. στείχει <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>80</span> (anap.); τὰν νεάταν ὁ. στείχουσαν <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>807</span>(lyr.) ; ὁ. ἄνω κάτω μία καὶ ὡυτή <span class="bibl">Heraclit. 60</span> ; also, [[expedition]], [[foray]], ὁδὸν ἐλθέμεναι <span class="bibl">Il.1.151</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Th.</span>714</span> ; <b class="b3">τριήκοντα ἡμερέων . . ὁ</b>. a thirty days' [[journey]], <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.104</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">206</span> ; also ὅσον ἐπὶ τρεῖς ἡμέρας ὁδόν <span class="bibl">Id.3.5</span> (codd., <b class="b3">ὁδοῦ</b> edd.) ; ἄστρων ὁδοί <span class="bibl">E. <span class="title">El.</span>728</span> (lyr.): as acc. cogn. with Verb of motion, <b class="b3">τὴν ὁ. ἣν Ἑλένην περ ἀνήγαγεν</b> [[by]] or <b class="b2">in which . .</b>, <span class="bibl">Il.6.292</span> ; <b class="b3">οὐρανοῦ τέμνων ὁ. . . Ἥλιε</b>, metaph. from a ship, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ph.</span>1</span> (but in Prose <b class="b3">ὁ. τέμνειν</b> is to make a [[road]], <span class="bibl">Th.2.100</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>810e</span>) ; similarly where <b class="b3">ὁ</b>. is [[road]], μέσην ἔρχευ τὴν ὁ. <span class="bibl">Thgn.220</span> ; ὁ. χωρεῖν <span class="bibl">Th.3.24</span> ; <b class="b3">ἰόντες τὴν ἱρὴν ὁ</b>., from Delphi, <span class="bibl">Hdt.6.34</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">III</span> metaph., [[way]] or [[manner]], πολλαὶ δ' ὁ. . . εὐπραγίας <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>8.13</span> ; γλώσσης ἀγαθῆς ὁδός <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Eu.</span>989</span> (anap.) ; <b class="b3">θεσπεσία ὁ</b>. [[the way]] or [[course]] of divination, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ag.</span>1154</span>(lyr.); μαντικῆς ὁ. <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>311</span> ; οἰωνῶν ὁδοῖς <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">OC</span>1314</span> ; σῶν ὁ. βουλευμάτων <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hec.</span>744</span> ; γνώμης <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Hipp.</span>290</span> ; <b class="b3">λογίων ὁ</b>. their [[way]], [[intent]], <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Eq.</span>1015</span> ; εὐτελείας ὁ. <span class="bibl">Jul.<span class="title">Or.</span>6.198d</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> [[a way]] of doing, speaking, etc., τῆσδ' ἀφ' ὁδοῦ διζήσιος <span class="bibl">Parm.1.33</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">8.18</span> ; <b class="b3">τριφασίας ἄλλας ὁ. λόγων</b> [[ways]] of telling the story, <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.95</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">2.20</span>,<span class="bibl">22</span> ; but <b class="b3">τριφασίας ὁ. τρέπεται</b> turns into three [[forms]], <span class="bibl">Id.6.119</span> ; ἄδικον ὁ. ἰέναι <span class="bibl">Th.3.64</span> ; <b class="b3">ὁ. ἥντιν' ἰών</b> by what [[course of action]], <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Pl.</span>506</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Nu.</span>75</span> ; ἢν ἔχομεν ὁ. λόγων <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Pax</span>733</span> ; μία δὴ λείπεται . . ὁ. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Smp.</span>184b</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> [[method]], [[system]], <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Sph.</span>218d</span>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">APr.</span>53a2</span>, al.; ὁδῷ [[methodically]], [[systematically]], <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>533b</span>, <span class="title">Stoic.</span>2.39, etc. ; so καθ' ὁδόν <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>435a</span> ; τὴν διὰ τοῦ στοιχείου ὁ. ἔχων ἔγραφεν <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Tht.</span>208b</span> (cf. διέξοδον <span class="bibl">208a</span>). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">4</span> of [[the Christian Faith and its followers]], Act.Ap.9.2, 22.4, 24.14. (Root <b class="b2">sed-</b> 'go', in Skt. <b class="b2">sad-, ā-sad-</b> 'come to', 'reach', OSlav. [[choditi]] 'go'.)</span>

|etymtx=1.<br />Grammatical information: f. (on the fem. gender Schwyzer-Debrunner 34).<br />Meaning: <b class="b2">going, road, street, ride, journey, march</b> (Il.), metaph. [[way out]], [[means]] (Pi., IA.).<br />Compounds: Many compp., e.g. <b class="b3">ὁδο-ποιέω</b> <b class="b2">to open a path, to make one's way</b> (Att.) with <b class="b3">-ποιία</b> f. [[road construction]] (X.), <b class="b3">-ποιός</b> m. [[roadworker]] (X., Aeschin., Arist.); <b class="b3">ὁδοι-πόρος</b> m. [[wayfarer]], [[wanderer]] (Ω 375, trag., com.) with <b class="b3">-πορία</b>, <b class="b3">-ίη</b> <b class="b2">journey (on land)</b> (h. Merc. 85, Hp., Hdt., X.), <b class="b3">-πορέω</b> <b class="b2">to cover a distance, to travel, to journey (through)</b> (ion., trag.); <b class="b3">ὁδοι-δόκος</b> m. [[bushranger]] (Plb.; Wackernagel Unt. 26); on the 1 member with retained locatival inlection to avoid a sequence of three shorts Schwyzer 239 a. 452 w. n. 5, Schw.-Debrunner 155. -- As 2. member e.g. in <b class="b3">εὔ-οδος</b> [[well-roaded]] with <b class="b3">εὑοδ-ία</b>, <b class="b3">-έω</b>, <b class="b3">-όω</b> (Att.), also in <b class="b3">εἴσ-</b>, <b class="b3">ἔξ-</b>, <b class="b3">μέθ-</b>, <b class="b3">σύν-οδος</b> etc. <b class="b2">entrance etc.</b> (since κ 90) replacing lacking verbal nouns of <b class="b3">εἰσ-ιέναι</b> (<b class="b3">*εἴσ-ι-σι-ς</b> : Skt. <b class="b2">-i-ti-</b>) etc. (Schwyzer-Debrunner 356 n. 2 w. lit., Porzig Satzinhalte 201).<br />Derivatives: 1. <b class="b3">ὅδιος</b> (<b class="b3">ἐν-</b>, <b class="b3">παρ-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐφ-</b> a.o.) [[affiliated with the road]] (Il.); 2. <b class="b3">τὰ ὁδαῖα</b> n. pl. <b class="b2">goods, in which one trades on the way</b> (θ 163, ο 445; cf. <b class="b3">ὁδάω</b> below); 3. <b class="b3">-οδικός</b> a.o. in <b class="b3">μεθοδ-ικός</b> [[methodical]], [[systematic]] (hell.); 4. <b class="b3">ὁδωτός</b> [[equipped with]], [[passable]], [[doable]] (S. OK 495; cf. <b class="b3">ὁδόω</b>); 5. <b class="b3">ὁδίτης</b> (<b class="b3">παρ-</b> a. o.) m. [[traveler]], [[wayfarer]] (Il.; extens. Redard 31ff. w. lit.); 6. <b class="b3">ὅδισμα</b> n. [[road construction]] (A. Pers. 71 [lyr.]; as if from <b class="b3">*ὁδίζω</b> after <b class="b3">τείχισμα</b> a.o.). Denominative verbs: 7. <b class="b3">ὁδεύω</b>, very often with prefix, e.g. <b class="b3">δι-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐξ-</b>, <b class="b3">μεθ-</b>, <b class="b3">παρ-</b>, <b class="b3">συν-</b> (partly from <b class="b3">δί-οδος</b> etc.) <b class="b2">to travel by road, to travel, to wander</b> (since Λ 569) with (-)<b class="b3">ὅδευσις</b> (IA.) a.o.; 8. <b class="b3">ὁδόω</b> <b class="b2">to show the way, to lead</b> (Hdt., A., E.); 9. <b class="b3">ὁδάω</b> (<b class="b3">ἐξ-</b>) [[to sell]] (E. Kyk.); <b class="b3">ὁδεῖν πωλεῖν</b> H.<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [887] <b class="b2">*sod-</b> [[course]]<br />Etymology: With <b class="b3">ὁδός</b> agrees a Slavic word for <b class="b2">course etc.</b>, e.g. OCS [[chodъ]] m. <b class="b3">βάδισμα</b>, <b class="b3">δρόμος</b>', Russ. <b class="b2">chód</b> [[course]], [[progress]], which like <b class="b3">ὁδός</b> very often occurs with prefix and may have its initial (<b class="b2">ch-</b> for <b class="b2">s-</b>) exactly from prefixcompp. (<b class="b2">pri-</b>, <b class="b2">u-</b>, <b class="b2">per-</b>). These compp. justify also the furher connexion with Indo-Iran. verbs like Skt. <b class="b2">ā-sad-</b> [[tread on]], [[go on]], Av. <b class="b2">apa-had-</b> [[go away]], [[become weak]], so also with the verb for [[sit]], [[sit down]] in [[ἕζομαι]] a.o. (s. v.), IE <b class="b2">*sed-</b>, to which as verbal noun, prob. fist with prefix, <b class="b2">*sodó-s</b> > <b class="b3">ὁδός</b>, OCS [[chodъ]]. -- Details w. lit. in WP. 2, 486, Pok. 887, W.-Hofmann s. 2. [[cēdō]], Vasmer s. <b class="b2">chód</b>; cf. Porzig Satzinhalte 306 f., Gliederung 170.