ὄμμα: Difference between revisions

|Definition=Aeol. ὄππα Sapph.2.11 : τό :—<span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> [[eye]], poet. word, rare in Prose (<span class="bibl">Th.2.11</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ti.</span>45c</span>, al., <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>8.7.26</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Mem.</span>1.4.6</span>, al., <span class="bibl">Thphr.<span class="title">Sens.</span> 50</span>, al., Polystr.<span class="title">Herc.</span>346p.81V., <span class="bibl"><span class="title">BGU</span>713.9</span> (i A.D.), <span class="title">IG</span>42(1).121.121 (Epid.)) : Hom. and Hes. only use pl., κατὰ χθονὸς ὄμματα πήξας <span class="bibl">Il.3.217</span> ; ὕπνον ἐπ' ὄμμασι χεῦε <span class="bibl">Od.5.492</span>, etc. : sg. in <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">N.</span>10.63</span> and Trag. (v. infr.) :—Phrases : <b class="b3">ὀρθοῖς ὄμμασιν ὁρᾶν τινα</b> look [[straight]] at, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>1385</span> ; ἀναβλέψαι ὀρθ. ὄμμ. <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span>7.1.30</span> ; ἐξ ὀμμάτων ὀρθῶν <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>528</span> ; also <b class="b3">οὐκ οἶδ' ὄμμασιν ποίοις βλέπων πατέρα ποτ' ἂν προσεῖδον</b> how I could have looked him in the face, ib.<span class="bibl">1371</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Aeschin.3.121</span> ; ὁρᾶν τινα ἐν ὄμμασι <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Tr.</span>241</span> ; <b class="b3">ποῖον ὄ. πατρὶ δηλώσω</b> ; <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Aj.</span>462</span> ; <b class="b3">τέοισί με χρὴ ὄμμασι . . φαίνεσθαι</b>; <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.37</span> ; <b class="b3">λαμπρὸς ὄμματι</b> radiant in [[look]] or [[expression]], <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>81</span> ; ἄλλοσ' ὄ. θἀτέρᾳ δὲ νοῦν ἔχειν <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Tr.</span>272</span> ; <b class="b3">προσέσχον ὄ</b>. turned their [[eyes]] on him, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">HF</span>931</span> ; <b class="b3">ἐς σὸν ἐλθεῖν ὄ</b>. come within [[sight]] of thee, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Heracl.</span> 887</span> ; <b class="b3">κατ' ὄμματα</b> before [[one's eyes]], <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>760</span> ; <b class="b3">κατ' ὄμμα ἐλθεῖν</b> face to face, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Andr.</span>1064</span> ; <b class="b3">κατ' ὄμμα στῆναι</b> [[in full sight]], [[openly]], ib.<span class="bibl">1117</span> ; opp. <b class="b3">νύκτωρ</b>, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ba.</span>469</span> ; <b class="b3">κρατιστεύων κατ' ὄμμα</b> in [[eye-sight]], of the Sun, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Tr.</span>102</span> (lyr.) (but <b class="b3">λαμπρὰ καὶ κατ' ὄμμα καὶ φύσιν</b> is dub. in <span class="bibl">379</span>) ; <b class="b3">πρευμενοῦς ἀπ' ὄμματος ἰδέσθαι</b> look kindly on, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Supp.</span>210</span> ; πεύθομαι δ' ἀπ' ὀμμάτων νόστον <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ag.</span>988</span>(lyr.) ; <b class="b3">ὡς ἀπ' ὀμμάτων</b> to judge by [[the eye]], <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>15</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Med.</span>216</span> ; <b class="b3">ἐν ὄμμασι</b> before one's [[eyes]], <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pers.</span>604</span> ; ἐν τοῖς ὄ. <span class="bibl">Th.2.11</span> ; ἐπ' ὀμμάτων <span class="bibl">E. <span class="title">Supp.</span>1153</span> (lyr.) ; so <b class="b3">παρ' ὄμμα, εἰ δ' ἦν παρ' ὄμμα θάνατος</b> ib.<span class="bibl">484</span> ; <b class="b3">ἐξ ὀμμάτων</b> out of [[sight]], <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">IA</span>743</span> ; ἄπειμ' ἐξ ὀ. <span class="bibl">Phryn.Trag.21</span> ; <b class="b3">πρὸ ὀμμάτων τίθεσθαι, ποιεῖν</b>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Po.</span>1455a23</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Rh.</span>1386a34</span> ; <b class="b3">πρὸ ὀ. θέσις</b> Polystr.l.c. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> metaph., τὸ τῆς ψυχῆς ὄ. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>533d</span>, <span class="bibl">Iamb.<span class="title">Protr.</span> 21</span>.<b class="b3">κδ'</b>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> [[the eye of heaven]], i.e. [[the sun]], ὄ. αἰθέρος <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Nu.</span>285</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">IT</span>194</span> (anap.) ; but <b class="b3">ὄ. νυκτός</b> is a periphrasis for [[night]] (v. infr. v), <b class="b3">ἕως . . νυκτὸς ὄμμ' ἀφείλετο</b> (sc. <b class="b3">τὴν μάχην</b>) <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pers.</span>428</span> ; <b class="b3">ὅταν δὲ νυκτὸς ὄ. λυγαίας μόλῃ</b> the dark night, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">IT</span>110</span> ; νυκτὸς ὄ. τῆς μελαμπέπλου <span class="bibl">Alex.89</span> ; cf. ὀφθαλμός <span class="bibl">111</span>, βλέφαρον <span class="bibl">11</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">III</span> generally, <b class="b2">light :</b> hence, metaph., [[that which brings light]], <b class="b3">ὄμμα ξείνοισι</b> [[a light]] to strangers, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>5.56</span> ; ὄ. δόμων νομίζω δεσπότου παρουσίαν <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pers.</span> 169</span> ; ἄελπτον ὄμμ' ἐμοὶ φήμης ἀνασχὸν τῆσδε <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Tr.</span>203</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> metaph., [[anything dear]] or <b class="b2">precious, as the apple of an eye</b>, ὄ. γὰρ πάσης χθονὸς . . ἐξίκοιτ' ἄν <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Eu.</span>1025</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">IV</span> [[face]] or human [[form]], ὦ δυσθέατον ὄ. <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>1004</span> ; ἐμπαίει τί μοι ψυχῇ ξύνηθες ὄ. <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">El.</span>903</span> ; τὸ ἐρωτικὸν ὄ. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phdr.</span>253e</span> : as periphr. of the person, <b class="b3">ὄ. πελείας</b>, = [[πελεία]], <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span> 140</span> (anap.) ; <b class="b3">ὄ. νύμφας</b>, = [[νύμφα]], <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Tr.</span>527</span> (lyr.) ; <b class="b3">ξύναιμον ὄ</b>., = [[ξυναίμων]], <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Aj.</span>977</span> ; <b class="b3">ὦ ταυρόμορφον ὄ. Κηφισοῦ</b>, = [[ὦ ταυρόμορφε Κηφισέ]], <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ion</span> 1261</span> ; v. supr. <span class="bibl">11</span> and cf. [[ὄνομα]] IV. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">V</span> <b class="b3">ὄ. τυκτόν</b> [[eye-hole]] in a helmet, <span class="bibl">Nonn.<span class="title">D.</span>22.62</span>.</span>

|etymtx=-ατος<br />Grammatical information: n.<br />Meaning: [[eye]]; also [[look]], [[sight]], [[face]], metaph [[sun]], [[light]] (Il.).<br />Compounds: As 1. member a.o. in <b class="b3">ὀμματο-στερής</b> [[bereaving one of ones eyes]], [[blinding]] (A. in lyr.), [[bereaved of ones eyes]], [[blind]] (S., E. in lyr.); often as 2. member, e.g. <b class="b3">μελαν-όμματος</b> [[with black eyes]] (Pl., Arist.; cf. Sommer Nominalkomp. 17 f.).<br />Derivatives: Dimin. <b class="b3">ὀμμάτιον</b> n. (Arist., AP; = NGr. <b class="b3">μάτι</b>); further <b class="b3">ὀμμάτειος</b> [[belonging to the eyes]] (S. Fr. 801), <b class="b3">ὀμματόω</b> [[to provide eyes]], [[to illuminate]] (A., D.S.), <b class="b3">ἐξ-</b> ὄμμα [[to bereave someone of his eyes]] (E. Fr. 541), <b class="b2">to open someones eyes, to illuminate</b> (A., S., Ph. u.a.), <b class="b3">ἐν-</b> ὄμμα [[to provide eyes]] (Ph.).<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [775]<b class="b2">*h₃ekʷ-</b> [[see]]<br />Etymology: Beside the usual <b class="b3">ὄμμα</b> stands the rare <b class="b3">ὄππατα</b> (Sapph.) and <b class="b3">ὄθματα</b> (Call., Nic., Hymn. Is.), which like <b class="b3">ὄμμα</b> may have arisen first from <b class="b3">*ὄπμα</b> by progressive assimilation resp. through differenciation (Schwyzer 317 w. lit.); diff. on <b class="b3">ὄππατα</b> WP. 1, 170; s. also Fraenkel Phil. 96, 164 (<b class="b3">ππ</b> affective consonantsharpening for <b class="b3">*ὄπατα</b> with Specht KZ 62, 214); <b class="b3">῎ὄθματα</b> rather artificial reshaping with <b class="b3">-θμα</b> (Chantraine, Form. 175, R, Schmitt, Nominalbildung des Kallimachos 102. -- If a verbal noun in <b class="b3">-μα</b> from <b class="b3">ὀπ-</b> [[see]] (<b class="b3">ὄπ-ωπα</b>, <b class="b3">ὄψομαι</b>), <b class="b3">ὄμμα</b> must orig. have meant [[seeing]], [[glance]] (cf. Treu Von Homer zur Lyrik 66 w. lit.); but the word can also be an enlargement of the root noun in <b class="b3">ὄσσε</b> (Schwyzer 524, Porzig Satzinhalte 266). -- Cf. [[ὄπωπα]] and [[ὄσσε]] (not [[ὀφθαλμός]]).