ὄρχος: Difference between revisions

|Definition=ὁ, <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> [[a row of vines]] or [[fruit-trees]], παρὰ νείατον ὄ. <span class="bibl">Od.7.127</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">24.341</span>, <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Sc.</span>296</span> ; <b class="b3">ὄρχους ἐπέκειρεν ὀδόντι</b>, of a boar, <span class="bibl">B.5.108</span> ; ἀμπελίδος ὄ. <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ach.</span>995</span> ; ἡμερίδων ὄρχους <span class="title">IG</span>14.1389 ii 23 ; οὐκ ὀρθῶς τοὺς ὄ. ἐφύτευσεν <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Oec.</span>20.3</span> ; φυτεύουσι . . αὐτὸ κατ' ὄρχους <span class="bibl">Thphr.<span class="title">HP</span> 4.4.8</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> <b class="b3">ὀρχός</b>, = [[ταρσός]], [[rim of eyelid]], <span class="bibl">Poll.2.69</span>. (Wrongly derived by Sch.<span class="bibl">Theoc.1.48</span> from <b class="b3">ὀρύσσω</b> and glossed by <b class="b3">βόθρος</b>.) </span>

|etymtx=Grammatical information: m.<br />Meaning: [[row of vines or fruit trees]] (η 127, ω 341, Hes. Sc. 296, B., Ar., X., Thphr.);<br />Other forms: <b class="b3">ὀρχός</b> m. <b class="b2">border of the eyelid, ταρσός</b> (Poll. 2, 69); <b class="b3">ὀρχάς περίβολος</b>, <b class="b3">αἱμασιά</b> H., <b class="b3">ὀρχάδος στέγης</b> (S. Fr. 812); <b class="b3">ὀρχηδόν</b> (Hdt. 7, 144), after H., = <b class="b3">ἡβηδόν</b>, usu. explained as [[in a row]], [[general]].<br />Derivatives: Besides <b class="b3">ὄρχατος</b> m. [[ordened plantation]], [[garden]] (η 112, ω 222, AP), pl. <b class="b2">rows of garden plants, fruit trees, vines</b> (Ξ 123, E. Fr. 896, 2, Moschio Trag. 6, 12), metaph. <b class="b3">ὀδόντων</b>, <b class="b3">κιόνων ὄρχατος</b> (AP, Ach. Tat.). With <b class="b3">μ-</b>suffix: <b class="b3">ὀρχμαί φραγμοί</b>, <b class="b3">καλαμῶνες</b>, <b class="b3">φάραγγες</b>, <b class="b3">σπῆλυγξ</b> H.; <b class="b3">ὀρχμούς λοχμῶδες καὶ ὄρειον χωρίον οὑκ ἐπεργαζόμενον</b> (Lex.); in the same meaning <b class="b3">ὀρχάμη</b> (Poll. 7, 147).<br />Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]<br />Etymology: If the <b class="b3">ἅπ</b>. <b class="b3">λεγ</b>. <b class="b3">ὀρχηδόν</b> is rightly understood as [[following the row]], is for <b class="b3">ὄρχος</b> also the general meaning [[row]] to be accepted; from there, prob. as collective abstract, <b class="b3">ὄρχατος</b> prop. <b class="b2">order of rows (of plants)</b>. Then it seems hardly possible, to bring the above words together under a notion [[fence]], [[enclosure]], which, thought obvious for <b class="b3">ὄρχατος</b> in the sense of [[garden]] and acceptable for the rare <b class="b3">ὀρχός</b>, <b class="b3">ὀρχάς</b>, hardly fits <b class="b3">ὄρχος</b> (pace Porzig Satzinhalte 310). Thus the connection with IE <b class="b2">*u̯er-ǵh-</b> <b class="b2">turn, wind together, fence in</b> in Lith. <b class="b2">veržiù</b> [[fence in]], [[string]] (diff. s. [[εἴργω]]), Germ., e.g. OWNo. [[virgill]] [[snare]], NHG [[er-würgen]] a.o. (Brugmann IF 15, 84ff., WP. 1, 272f., Pok.1154 f.) is weakened; doubtful as well becomes the comparison with Lith. <b class="b2">sérgmi</b> [[preserve]], [[watch over]] (Fraenkel KZ 72, 193 ff. with Prellwitz). Attractive Mann Lang. 26, 385: to Alb. [[varg]] [[row]], [[wreath]], [[chain]]. -- Commonly accepted is the connection with the town-name <b class="b3">Όρχομενός</b> (older <b class="b3">Ἐρχ-</b>, cf. Schwyzer 255; Illyr. <b class="b3">Όργομεναί</b>, Krahe ZNF 7, 25 n. 4 a. 11, 81). S. also [[εἴργω]], [[ἔρχατος]], [[ὄρχαμος]]. - As there is no IE etymon, it seems more probable that the word (note the meanings!; and th name of the town) is Pre-Greek.