βιω: Difference between revisions

|etymtx=Grammatical information: v.<br />Meaning: [[live]] (Il.).<br />Other forms: <b class="b3">ἐβίων</b>, <b class="b3">βιῶναι</b>; <b class="b3">βείομαι</b> (<b class="b3">βέομαι</b>) (Il.) fut. = subj. (cf. <b class="b3">ἔδομαι</b>); <b class="b3">βιώσομαι</b>, <b class="b3">ἐβίωσα</b> (Hdt.) Med. fact. (θ 468), <b class="b3">βεβίωκα</b>. <b class="b3">βιόμεσθα</b> (h. Ap. 528 for <b class="b3">*βειομεθα</b>? DELG); pres. <b class="b3">βιόω</b> (Arist.).<br />Derivatives: <b class="b3">βίος</b> <b class="b2">(way of, means of) life</b>. <b class="b3">βιοτή</b> f. <b class="b2">id.</b> (Od.), <b class="b3">βίοτος</b> m. <b class="b2">id.</b> (Il.); also Cret. <b class="b3">βίετος</b> (below). - <b class="b3">βιωτός</b> [[worth living]] (Att.). <b class="b3">βιώσιμος</b> <b class="b2">to be lived</b> (Hdt.) - With <b class="b3">δ</b> from <b class="b2">*gu</b>, Heracl. <b class="b3">ἐνδεδιωκότα</b>, if = <b class="b3">ἐμβεβιωκότα</b>, cf. Schwyzer 300. In PN <b class="b3">Βιο-</b>; <b class="b3">Βίτων</b> < <b class="b3">Βιο-</b>.<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [467] <b class="b2">*gʷeih₃</b> - [[live]]<br />Etymology: The root ended in a laryngeal, the zero grade <b class="b2">*gʷiH-</b> is seen in Av. <b class="b2">ǰī-ti-</b>, OCS <b class="b2">ži-tь</b>, also in Lat. [[vīta]], Osc. <b class="b2">bíitam</b> (acc.); with suffix <b class="b2">-uo-</b> it is seen in Skt. <b class="b2">jīvá-</b>, OCS [[živъ]] Lat. [[vīvus]], etc. [[alive]] and in Lat.[[vīvō]], Skt. <b class="b2">jī́vati</b>, OCS <b class="b2">živǫ</b>. (The forms with short [[i]], Goth. <b class="b2">qiwa-</b>, Welsh [[byw]], may be due to the following stress (Schrijver Larrr. Lat. 355, 526). - Greek does not have forms with long [[i]], as all its forms have a vowel after the root: <b class="b2">*gʷiH-o-</b> > <b class="b3">βίος</b>, <b class="b2">*gʷih₃-eto-</b> > <b class="b3">βίοτος</b> (with the suffix agreeing with the meaning; Cret. <b class="b3">βίετος</b> will have <b class="b3">-ετος</b> restored; cf. for the formation [[θάνατος]]); <b class="b3">ὑγιής</b> < <b class="b2">*h₁su-gʷih₃-es</b> (the vocalism analogically restored). The aorist <b class="b3">ἐβίων</b> has been reconstructed as containing the aor.-suffix <b class="b2">-e-</b> (as in <b class="b3">ἐμάνην</b>): <b class="b2">*gʷih₃-eh₁-</b>. - The full grade I <b class="b2">*gʷeih₃-</b> must be assumed for <b class="b3">βέ(ί)ομαι</b> (Chantr. Gramm. hom. 1, 452 ); it is also seen in Skt. <b class="b2">gáya-</b>, Av. <b class="b2">gaya-</b> [[life]] (<b class="b2">*gʷe\/oih₃-o-</b>); also ORuss. [[gojь]] [[peace]]. - The full grade II <b class="b2">*gʷieH-</b> is seen in Av. <b class="b2">ǰyā-tu-</b> [[life]] (Skt. <b class="b2">*jyā-tu-</b> reshaped, after <b class="b2">jívati</b>, in <b class="b2">jīvā́tu-</b>); from this root form prob. Gr. <b class="b3">ζωϜός</b> (not from the zero grade of the root). This root form seems also found in Gr. <b class="b3">ζώ-ω</b>, <b class="b3">ζῆ-ν</b>, s. s. <b class="b3">ζώω</b> (so Schwebeablaut cannot be avoided (pace Anttila, PIE Schwebeablaut 1969, 137). Difficult are Arm. <b class="b2">kea-m</b> [[I live]] (see LIV) and Toch. B <b class="b2">śaw-</b>.