ἴς: Difference between revisions

|Definition=(A) [ῑ], ἡ, gen. [[ἰνός]], acc. [[ἶνα]], nom.pl. [[ἶνες]], dat. <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> ἴνεσι <span class="bibl">Il.23.191</span>, also ἰσίν Sor. (v. infr.), Suid. s.v. [[ἶνες]], cj. Nauck for [[εἰσίν]] in <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Fr.</span>229</span>:— [[sinew]], [[tendon]], sg. once in Hom., ὡς δ' ὅτ' ἂν . . ἀνὴρ . . ἶνα τάμῃ διὰ πᾶσαν <span class="bibl">Il.17.522</span>: usu. in pl., [[sinews]], οὐ γὰρ ἔτι σάρκας τε καὶ ὀστέα ἲνες ἔχουσιν <span class="bibl">Od.11.219</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Il.23.191</span>; ἶνες ἄρθρων <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Pax</span>86</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Archil.138</span>; <b class="b3">ἶνες αὐτὸ μόνον καὶ λεπτὴ δορά</b>, of a person wasted by disease, <span class="bibl">Ph.2.432</span>; <b class="b3">δοράς, σάρκας, ἶνας</b> ib.<span class="bibl">527</span>: metaph., Τρωίας ἶνας ἐκταμὼν δορί <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">I.</span>8(7).57</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> later, [[the fibrous vessels in the muscles]], <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ti.</span>84a</span>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">HA</span>515b27</span>, al.; in blood, [[fibrine]], <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">PA</span>650b14</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ti.</span>82c</span>, <span class="bibl">Meno <span class="title">Iatr.</span>17.34</span>: metaph., of metals, Plu.2.434b. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> [[rib]] in the leaves of plants, <span class="bibl">Thphr.<span class="title">HP</span>3.12.7</span> (sg.). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">4</span> [[strip]] of papyrus, ταῖς τῶν χαρτῶν ἰσίν <span class="bibl">Sor.1.13</span>: sg., Gal.10.1000. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">b</span> <b class="b3">λεπτὴ ἴς</b> a small [[fibre]] of papyrus, Id.17(1).795.</span><br /><span class="bld">ἴς</span> (B) [ῑ], ἡ, three times in acc. sg. [[ἶνα]] (elided <b class="b3">ἶν'</b>) <span class="bibl">Il.5.245</span>,<span class="bibl">7.269</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.9.538</span>, freq. in instr. [[ἶφι]] (q.v.), elsewh. only nom. sg.:—<span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> [[strength]], [[force]], of persons, ἀλλ' ἄρα καὶ ἲς ἐσθλή <span class="bibl">Il.12.320</span>; ἐπέρεισε δὲ ἶν' ἀπέλεθρον <span class="bibl">7.269</span>; ἤ μοι ἔτ' ἐστὶν ἴς, οἵη πάρος . . <span class="bibl">Od.21.283</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">11.393</span>, <span class="bibl">18.3</span>: freq. in periphr., <b class="b3">ἱερὴ ἲς Τηλεμάχοιο</b> the [[strong]] Telemachus, <span class="bibl">2.409</span>; κρατερὴ ἲς Ὀδυσῆος <span class="bibl">Il.23.720</span>; ἲς Ἡρακλῆος <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Th.</span>951</span>; and in twofold periphr., <b class="b3">ἲς βίης Ἡρακληείης</b> ib.<span class="bibl">332</span>; also of things, <b class="b3">ἲς ἀνέμου</b> or [[ἀνέμοιο]], <span class="bibl">Il.15.383</span>, <span class="bibl">17.739</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.9.71</span>; ἲς ποταμοῖο <span class="bibl">Il.21.356</span>; <b class="b3">κράται' ἴς</b> was read by Ptol.Asc.in <span class="bibl">Od.11.597</span>; v. [[κρατύς]]. (<b class="b3">ϝῑ-</b>, cf. <b class="b3">γίς· ἰσχύς</b>, Hsch., pr. n. ϝιφιάδας <span class="title">IG</span>7.3172.70, Lat. [[vis]], [[vim]]; prob. cogn. with [[ἵεμαι]] but not with [[ἴς]] (A).)</span>

|etymtx=[[ἰνός]]<br />Grammatical information: f.<br />Meaning: [[sinew]] (Hom., Hp., Archil., Ar.), [[sinew of the neck]] (Ρ 522), <b class="b2">vessels of the muscles, fibrine, of plants, ribs of leaves</b> (Pl., Arist., Thphr.); details of the botan. use in Strömberg Theophrastea 129ff.).<br />Other forms: mostly pl. [[ἶνες]], dat. [[ἴνεσι]], late [[ἰσίν]], [[ἴναις]].<br />Compounds: compp. <b class="b3">ἄ-</b>, <b class="b3">πολύ-ϊνος</b> <b class="b2">without, with many ἶνες</b> etc. (Thphr.; Strömberg 135).<br />Derivatives: [[ἰνίον]] n. <b class="b2">the sinews at the back of the head, the neck</b> (Il., Hp., Arist.; cf. [[κρανίον]] and Chantraine Formation 59); [[ἰνώδης]] [[sinewy]], [[fibrous]] (X., Arist., Thphr.); prob. also <b class="b3">ἰναία δύναμις</b> H. (quite uncertain conj. Peripl. M. Rubr. 46); denomin. verbs: [[ἰνόω]] <b class="b2">provide with ἶνες, stengthen</b> (Hdn.), <b class="b3">ἐξ-ινόω</b> <b class="b2">remove the ἶνες, make powerless</b> (Lyc.), also <b class="b3">ἐξ-ινίζω</b>, <b class="b3">-ινιάζω</b> (Gal., Peripl. M. Rubr. a. o.).<br />Origin: XX [etym. unknown]<br />Etymology: The question rises, whether [[ἴς]] [[sinew]] arose from a remarkable concretization of [[ἴς]] [[strength]] or was a separate word. Old is the assumption (e. g. G. Meyer Gr.3 418), that the <b class="b3">ν-</b>stem inflection <b class="b3">ἶν-α</b>, <b class="b3">ἶν-ες</b> etc. arose from an expected acc. <b class="b3">(Ϝ)ῖν-α</b>; in formal respect this gives a possible solution. - Scheftelowitz IF 33, 158f. assumes an independent word <b class="b3">(Ϝ)ίς</b>, <b class="b3">(Ϝ)ινός</b> [[sinew]] (cf. <b class="b3">γίς ἱμάς</b> H.), from a verb [[bow]], [[bend]] (s. [[ἴτυς]], [[ἶρις]]).

|ftr='''ἴς''': 1.<br />{í̄s}<br />'''Forms''': Akk. ἴν(α) (3mal, nur vor Vok., vgl. unten), Instr. [[ἶφι]]<br />'''Grammar''': f.<br />'''Meaning''': [[Kraft]], [[Stärke]] (Hom., Hes.).<br />'''Derivative''': Davon [[ἴφιος]] [[kräftig]] (ἴφια μῆλα Hom., D. P.; zur Bildung Schwyzer 461) mit PN wie ϝιφιάδας, ϝίφιτος (böot., kor.), Ἶφις (Ι 667 u. a.; Kosename); s. auch [[ἴφθιμος]]. — 2. ἴς, ἰνός f., meist pl. ἶνες, Dat. [[ἴνεσι]], spät ἰσίν, ἴναις [[Sehne]] (Hom., Hp., Archil., Ar. u. a.), [[Nackensehne]] (Ρ 522), ‘Muskelfaden, Blutfaser (Fibrin), Pflanzenfaser, Blattnerv’ (Pl., Arist., Thphr. u. a.; Einzelheiten aus dem botan. Sprachgebrauch bei Strömberg Theophrastea 129ff.). Kompp. ἄ-, [[πολύϊνος]] [[ohne]], [[mit vielen ἶνες]] usw. (Thphr.; Strömberg 135). Ableitungen: [[ἰνίον]] n. [[die Sehnenpartie am Hinterkopf]], [[das Genick]], [[der Nacken]] (Il., Hp., Arist. usw.; vgl. [[κρανίον]] und Chantraine Formation 59); [[ἰνώδης]] [[sehnig]], [[fibrös]] (X., Arist., Thphr. u. a.); wohl auch [[ἰναία]]· [[δύναμις]] H. (ganz unsichere Konj. ''Peripl''. ''M''. ''Rubr''. 46); denominative Verba: [[ἰνόω]] [[mit ἶνες versehen]], [[stärken]] (Hdn.), [[ἐξινόω]] [[die ἶνες entfernen]], [[entkräften]] (Lyk.), auch [[ἐξινίζω]], -ινιάζω (Gal., ''Peripl''. ''M''. ''Rubr''. u. a.).<br />'''Etymology''' : H. γίς (= ϝίς)· ... [[ἰσχύς]] bestätigt die Identität von (ϝ)ίς [[Kraft]] mit lat. ''vīs'' ib. (nach Holthausen IF 62, 152 hierher noch germ. PN wie asächs. ''Wī''-''rīc''[?]); der zu erwartende Akk. (ϝ)ί̄ν = ''vim'' läßt sich aus dem stets antevokalischen ἶν’ leicht wiederherstellen. Es entsteht somit die Frage, ob ἴς [[Sehne]] durch eine bemerkenswerte Konkretisierung von ἴς [[Kraft]] entstanden ist oder als ein besonderes Wort zu gelten hat. Alt ist die Annahme (z. B. G. Meyer Gr.³ 418), daß die ν-Stammflexion ἶνα, ἶνες usw. aus einem erweiterten Akk. (ϝ)ῖνα hervorgegangen sei; in formaler Hinsicht bietet sie eine jedenfalls mögliche Lösung. Nach Sommer Lautstud. 118 wäre ἰν- in ἶνες, [[ἰνίον]] usw. als ''n''-Ableitung eines alten ''s''-Stammes *''u̯ī''-''s''- (in lat. ''vīr''-''ēs''?; unsicher, s. W.-Hofmann s. 2. ''vīs'') aus *''u̯ī̆s''-''n''- zu erklären, wozu sekundär der Nom. ἴς; auch dabei wird also von dem abstrakten Begriff [[Kraft]] ausgegangen. Ähnlich Kretschmer Glotta 30, 94 A. 1 (aus *''u̯is''-''en''-), Pisani Ist. Lomb. 76, 14f. (*''u̯īs''- urspr. neutr.), Specht KZ 59, 291; s. noch Schwyzer 570 m. A. 2. — Dagegen will Scheftelowitz IF 33, 158f. ein besonderes Wort (ϝ)ί̄ς, (ϝ)ινός [[Sehne]] (vgl. γίς· [[ἱμάς]] H.) ansetzen, von einem Verb [[biegen]] (s. [[ἴτυς]], [[ἶρις]]), u. zw. entweder aus *''u̯ī''-''n''- (vgl. čech. ''winek'' [[Band]], [[Stirnband]]) oder aus *''u̯ī̆s''-''n''- (> gr. ϝιν-).<br />'''Page''' 1,735-736