αἰτία: Difference between revisions

|Definition=ἡ, <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> [[responsibility]], mostly in bad sense, [[guilt]], [[blame]], or the imputation thereof, i.e. [[accusation]], first in <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>1.35</span> and Hdt., v. infr. (Hom. uses [[αἴτιος]]):—Phrases: <b class="b3">αἰτίαν ἔχειν</b> bear [[responsibility for]], τινός <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Eu.</span>579</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>1312</span>; but usu. to [[be accused]], [[τινός]] [[of]] a crime, φόνου <span class="bibl">Hdt.5.70</span>: c. inf., <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">V.</span>506</span>; foll. by [[ὡς]]…, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ap.</span>38c</span>; by [[ὡς]] c. part., <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Phdr.</span>249d</span>; <b class="b3">ὑπό τινος</b> [[by]] some one, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Eu.</span>99</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl. <span class="title">R.</span>565b</span>: reversely, αἰτία ἔχει τινά <span class="bibl">Hdt.5.70</span>,<span class="bibl">71</span>; αἰ. φεύγειν τινός <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>1404</span>; <b class="b3">ἐν αἰτίᾳ εἶναι</b> or [[γίγνεσθαι]], <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Art.</span>67</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>2.8.6</span>; <b class="b3">αἰτίαν ὑπέχειν</b> lie under [[a charge]], <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ap.</span>33b</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>6.3.16</span>; ὑπομεῖναι <span class="bibl">Aeschin.3.139</span>; φέρεσθαι <span class="bibl">Th.2.60</span>; <b class="b3">λαβεῖν ἀπό τινος</b> ib.<span class="bibl">18</span>; αἰτίαις ἐνέχεσθαι <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Cri.</span>52a</span>; αἰτίαις περιπίπτειν <span class="bibl">Lys.7.1</span>; εἰς αἰτίαν ἐμπίπτειν <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Tht.</span>150a</span>; αἰτίας τυγχάνειν <span class="bibl">D.<span class="title">Ep.</span>2.2</span>; ἐκτὸς αἰτίας κυρεῖν <span class="bibl">A. <span class="title">Pr.</span>332</span>; <b class="b3">ἐν αἰτίῃ ἔχειν</b> hold one [[guilty]], <span class="bibl">Hdt.5.106</span>; δι' αἰτίας ἔχειν <span class="bibl">Th. 2.60</span>, etc.; ἐν αἰτίᾳ βάλλειν <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>656</span>; <b class="b3">τὴν αἰτίαν ἐπιφέρειν τινί</b> impute [[the fault]] to one, <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.26</span>; αἰτίαν νέμειν τινί <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>28</span>; ἐπάγειν <span class="bibl">D.18.283</span>; προσβάλλειν τινί <span class="bibl">Antipho 3.2.4</span>; <b class="b3">ἀνατιθέναι, προστιθέναι</b>, <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">VM</span>21</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Pax</span>640</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">ἀπολύειν τινὰ τῆς αἰτίης</b> to acquit of [[guilt]], <span class="bibl">Hdt.9.88</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> in forensic oratory, [[invective]] without proof (opp. [[ἔλεγχος]]), <span class="bibl">D.22.23</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">18.15</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> in good sense, <b class="b3">εἰ… εὖ πράξαιμεν, αἰτία θεοῦ</b> [[the credit]] is his, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Th.</span>4</span>; <b class="b3">δι' ὅντινα αἰτίαν ἔχουσιν Ἀθηναῖοι βελτίους γεγονέναι</b> [[are reputed]] to have become better, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Grg.</span>503b</span>, cf. <span class="title">Alc.</span>1.119a, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Metaph.</span>984b19</span>; <b class="b3">ὧν… πέρι αἰτίαν ἔχεις διαφέρειν</b> in which you [[are reputed]] to excel, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Tht.</span>169a</span>; <b class="b3">οἳ… ἔχουσι ταύτην τὴν αἰ</b>. who have this [[reputation]], <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">R.</span>435e</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">And. 2.12</span>; αἰτίαν λαμβάνειν <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>624a</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">4</span> [[expostulation]], μὴ ἐπ' ἔχθρᾳ τὸ πλέον ἢ αἰτίᾳ <span class="bibl">Th.1.69</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> [[cause]], δι' ἣν αἰτίην ἐπολέμησαν Hdt.<span class="title">Prooem.</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Democr.83</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ti.</span>68e</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Phd.</span>97a</span> sq., etc.; on the four causes of Arist. v. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ph.</span>194b16</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Metaph.</span>983a26</span>:—<b class="b3">αἰ. τοῦ γενέσθαι</b> or γεγονέναι <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phd.</span>97a</span>; τοῦ μεγίστου ἀγαθοῦ τῇ πόλει αἰτία ἡ κοινωνία <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">R.</span>464b</span>:—dat. [[αἰτίᾳ]] [[for the sake of]], κοινοῦ τινος ἀγαθοῦ <span class="bibl">Th.4.87</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">D.H.8.29</span>:—[[αἴτιον]] (cf. αἴτιος <span class="bibl">11.2</span>) is used like [[αἰτία]] in the sense of [[cause]], not in that of [[accusation]]. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">III</span> [[occasion]], [[motive]], <b class="b3">αἰτίαν ῥοαῖσι Μοισᾶν ἐνέβαλε</b> gave them [[a the me]] for song, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">N.</span>7.11</span>; αἰτίαν παρέχειν <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">Tyr.</span>13</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">IV</span> [[head]], [[category]] under which a thing comes, <span class="bibl">D.23.75</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">V</span> [[case in dispute]], ἡ αἰ. τοῦ ἀνθρώπου μετὰ τῆς γυναικός <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Matt.</span>10.10</span>.</span>

|dgtxt=-ας, ἡ<br /><br /><b class="num">• Alolema(s):</b> jón. -ίη Hdt.9.88<br /><b class="num">I</b> [[lo que se dice de uno]] en cont. desfavorables<br /><b class="num">1</b> [[responsabilidad]], [[culpa]], [[tacha]] μείων γὰρ [[αἰτία]] Pi.<i>O</i>.1.35, αἰτίαν ἔχω ... τοῦ φόνου A.<i>Eu</i>.579, S.<i>Ant</i>.1312, E.<i>El</i>.213, Anaxarch.B 1, τὴν αἰτίαν ἐπιφέρειν τινί Hdt.1.26, ἐκείνῳ πᾶς τις αἰτίαν νέμει S.<i>Ai</i>.28, cf. Antipho 3.2.4, D.18.283, ἀνατιθέναι Hp.<i>VM</i> 21, προστιθέναι Ar.<i>Pax</i> 640, παῦσαι τῆς αἰτίας Gorg.B 11.2, ἀπολύειν τινὰ τῆς αἰτίης Hdt.9.88, ἡγεῖται μὲν τῆς αἰτίας ταύτης ὁ πρωτοστάτης τοῦ δεξιοῦ κέρως el responsable de esta falsa maniobra es el cabeza de fila del ala derecha</i> Th.5.71.<br /><b class="num">2</b> [[acusación]], [[inculpación]] esp. αἰτίαν ἔχειν [[ser acusado de]] c. gen. φόνου Hdt.5.70, c. part. αἰτίαν ἔχω ταῦτα δρᾶν ξυνωμότης ὢν καὶ φρονῶν τυραννικά Ar.<i>V</i>.506, αἰτίαν ἔχει ὡς μανικῶς διακείμενος Pl.<i>Phdr</i>.249d, cf. <i>Ap</i>.38c, ἔχω μεγίστην αἰτίαν κείνων ὕπο afronto la más grave acusación de aquéllos</i> A.<i>Eu</i>.99, cf. Pl.<i>R</i>.565b, Th.2.18, τοιαύτας ἔχοντες προφάσεις καὶ αἰτίας teniendo esas excusas y acusaciones</i> Th.3.13, αἰτίαν ὑπέχειν Pl.<i>Ap</i>.33b, X.<i>Cyr</i>.6.3.16, αἰτίαν φεύγειν τινός S.<i>Ph</i>.1404, τῶν φευγόντων ἐπὶ τῇ αἰτίῃ ταύτῃ <i>IIasos</i> 1.4 (IV a.C.), ἐν αἰτίῃ ἔσεσθαι Hp.<i>Art</i>.67, ἐν αἰτίᾳ εἶναι X.<i>Mem</i>.2.8.6, αἰτίαις ἐνέχεσθαι Pl.<i>Cri</i>.52a, ἐν αἰτίῃ ἔχειν Hdt.5.106, γίγνεσθαι αἰτίαις περιπίπτειν Lys.7.1, εἰς αἰτίαν ἐμπίπτειν Pl.<i>Tht</i>.150a, ἐν αἰτίᾳ βάλλειν S.<i>OT</i> 656, αἰτίας τυγχάνειν D.<i>Ep</i>.2.2, δι' αἰτίας ἔχειν Th.2.60, ἐκτὸς αἰτίας κυρεῖν A.<i>Pr</i>.330, ἀόριστον εἰπὼν αὐτὴν τὴν αἰτίαν enunciando la acusación de manera ambigua</i> D.23.75, ψευδεῖς αἰτίας ἡμῖν [ἐ] πιφέρειν <i>SB</i> 15036.11 (II/III d.C.).<br /><b class="num">3</b> [[reconvención]] op. κατηγορία: καὶ μηδεὶς ὑμῶν ἐπ' ἔχθρᾳ τὸ πλέον ἢ αἰτίᾳ νομίσῃ τάδε λέγεσθαι· [[αἰτία]] μὲν γὰρ φίλων ἀνδρῶν ἐστιν ἁμαρτανόντων que ninguno de vosotros crea que el decir esto es por hostilidad, sino más bien una reconvención. Pues la reconvención (se hace) a los amigos que se equivocan (mientras que la κατηγορία ...)</i> Th.1.69<br /><b class="num">•</b>op. [[ἔλεγχος]] [[invectiva gratuita]], [[acusación sin pruebas]] D.22.23, cf. 18.15.<br /><b class="num">4</b> [[tacha]], [[tara]] Hsch.s.u. [[ἀναγωγή]], αὕτη δὲ ἡ [[αἰτία]] καμάτῳ ἐπιγίνεται <i>Hippiatr</i>.52.12<br /><b class="num">•</b>[[enfermedad]] ποίᾳ αἰτίᾳ οὗτος ἐτελεύτησεν; <i>A.Pil.A</i> 1.5.<br /><b class="num">II</b> gener. en cont. favorables [[responsabilidad]] de algo bueno [[reputación]], [[fama]] εἰ μὲν γὰρ εὖ πράξαιμεν [[αἰτία]] θεοῦ A.<i>Th</i>.4, αἰτίαν ἔχουσι Ἀθηναῖοι βελτίους γεγονέναι los atenienses tienen fama de haberse hecho mejores</i> Pl.<i>Grg</i>.503b, cf. Arist.<i>Metaph</i>.984^b19, αἰτίαν ἔχεις Pl.<i>Tht</i>.169a, cf. 435c, <i>Lg</i>.624a, And.2.12, καὶ τῶν ἀμεινόνων τήν τε αἰτίαν ἐς πάντας μᾶλλον ἢ ἐς αὐτὸν ἀνῆγε D.C.9.2, ὅτι ἔχει ἡ ψυχὴ τῆς αἰσθήσεως τὴν πλείστην αἰτίαν Epicur.<i>Ep</i>.[2] 63.11 (cf. III 1 d).<br /><b class="num">III</b> en cont. neutr. y no personales<br /><b class="num">1</b> <b class="num">a)</b>[[causa]], [[razón]], [[motivo]] αἰτίη ἁμαρτίης Democr.B 83, ἀδικίας Gorg.B 11a.36, τοῦ μεγίστου ἀγαθοῦ Pl.<i>R</i>.464b, προθήσομαι τὰς αἰτίας δι' ἅς ... Gorg.B 11.5, δι' ἣν αἰτίην ἐπολέμησαν Hdt.proem., τὰς αἰτίας προύγραψα Th.1.23, cf. 1.55 (pero v. Th.3.13, en I 2), 66, Pl.<i>Ti</i>.68e<br /><b class="num">•</b>[[por causa de]] en dat. αἰτίᾳ κοινοῦ τινος ἀγαθοῦ Th.4.87, cf. D.H.8.29<br /><b class="num">•</b>en gen. ἐτίας (<i>sic</i>) ... τούτων <i>MAMA</i> 3.50.10 (Cilicia II d.C.);<br /><b class="num">b)</b> [[causa]], [[razón]], [[motivo]], [[porqué]] εἰδέναι τὰς αἰτίας ἑκάστου Pl.<i>Phd</i>.95e, πάντα τὰ γιγνόμενα [[διά]] τινα αἰτίαν γίγνεσθαι Pl.<i>Phlb</i>.26e, πρὶν ἂν λάβωμεν τὸ διὰ τί περὶ ἕκαστον (τοῦτο δ' ἐστὶ τὸ λαβεῖν τὴν πρώτην αἰτίαν) Arist.<i>Ph</i>.194^b20, cf. Plb.2.38.5;<br /><b class="num">c)</b> entre los estoicos identificado con λόγος: [[αἰτία]] ἐστι λόγος αἰτίου la causa es la razón del causante</i> Chrysipp.<i>Stoic</i>.2.118.5, cf. 2.287.30, 2.264.22, M.Ant.9.1.2;<br /><b class="num">d)</b> en sentido cien. [[causa]], [[razón]], [[motivo]], [[explicación]] ἐς βραχὺ ἄγοντες τὴν ἀρχὴν τῆς αἰτίης τοῖσιν ἀνθρώποισι τῶν νούσων τε καὶ τοῦ θανάτου Hp.<i>VM</i> 1, esp. entre los epicúreos καὶ τὴν ὑπὲρ κυριωτάτων αἰτίαν ἐξακριβῶσαι φυσιολογίας ἔργον εἶναι [[δεῖ]] νομίζειν conviene tener en cuenta que es tarea de la ciencia indagar exactamente la explicación de los (fenómenos) fundamentales</i> Epicur.<i>Ep</i>.[2] 78.1, cf. [2] 79.5, αἰτίαι τρόπων καὶ δύσεων καὶ ἀνατολῶν καὶ ἐκλείψεων Epicur.<i>Ep</i>.[2] 79.8, considerado como un conjunto de causas para cada fenómeno τὸ δὲ μίαν αἰτίαν τούτων ἀποδιδόναι ... μανικόν Epicur.<i>Ep</i>.[3] 113.8, cf. 116.9, [4] 132.4, cf. Phld.<i>Ir</i>.18.40, 30.30, astrol. en <i>PRyl</i>.63.2.<br /><b class="num">2</b> en Arist.<i>Metaph</i>. [[causa]] identificada con las ἀρχαί o <i>principios</i> στοιχεῖα μὲν τρία, αἰτίαι δὲ καὶ ἀρχαὶ τέτταρες Arist.<i>Metaph</i>.1070^b27, ἐπεὶ τὰς ἀρχὰς καὶ τὰς ἀκροτάτας αἰτίας ζητοῦμεν Arist.<i>Metaph</i>.1003^a27, ὧν μίαν μὲν αἰτίαν φαμὲν εἶναι τὴν οὐσίαν καὶ τὸ τί ἦν εἶναι (causa formal) ... ἑτέραν δὲ τὴν ὕλην καὶ τὸ ὑποκείμενον (causa material), τρίτην δὲ ὅθεν ἡ ἀρχὴ τῆς κινήσεως (causa eficiente), τετάρτην δὲ τὴν ἀντικειμένην αἰτίαν ταύτῃ, τὸ οὗ [[ἕνεκα]] καὶ ἀγαθόν (causa final), Arist.<i>Metaph</i>.983^a2732.<br /><b class="num">3</b> [[causalidad]], [[principio de causalidad]] ἕως ἄν τις αὐτὸς δήσῃ αἰτίας λογισμῷ hasta que uno las une con el razonamiento causal</i> Pl.<i>Men</i>.98a, τοὺς δὲ τῷ λογισμῷ ἑλομένους (φθόγγους) κατὰ τὴν πλείστην αἰτίαν οὕτως ἑρμηνεῦσαι Epicur.<i>Ep</i>.[2] 76.7.<br /><b class="num">4</b> [[motivo]], [[tema]] αἰτίαν ῥοαῖσι Μοισᾶν ἐνέβαλε Pi.<i>N</i>.7.11, αἰτίαν παρέχειν Luc.<i>Tyr</i>.13<br /><b class="num">•</b>[[motivo legal]], <i>PStras</i>.22.4 (III d.C.).<br /><b class="num">5</b> [[caso]], [[relación]] (latinismo por [[causa]]) ἡ αἰ. τοῦ ἀνθρώπου μετὰ τῆς γυναικός (si) este (va a ser) el caso del hombre con la mujer (más vale no casarse)</i> <i>Eu.Matt</i>.19.10.<br /><br /><b class="num">• Etimología:</b> v. [[αἰτέω]], [[αἴνυμαι]].

|astxt=[[αἰτία]], -ας, ἡ, [in LXX: Ge 4:13 (עָוֹן), Pr 28:17 (עָשַׁק), and freq. in Wi, II, III Mac;] <br /><b class="num">1.</b>[[cause]], [[reason]], [[occasion]], [[case]]: Mt 19:3, Lk 8:47, Ac 10:21 22:24 28:20, II Ti 1:6,12, Tit 1:13, He 2:11 ; εἰ [[οὕτως]] ἐστιν ἡ αἰ. (cf. Lat. si ita res se habet, and v. MM. VGT, s.v.), Mt 19:10. <br /><b class="num">2.</b>In [[forensic]] [[sense]],<br /><b class="num">(a)</b>[[accusation]]: Ac 25:18,27; <br /><b class="num">(b)</b>[[cause]] for [[punishment]], [[crime]]: Mt 27:37, Mk 15:26, Jo 18:38 19:4,6, Ac 13:28 23:28 28:18. †SYN.: [[ἔλεγχος]], a [[charge]], [[whether]] [[moral]] or [[judicial]], [[which]] has been proven, αἰ. is an [[accusation]] [[simply]], false or true.