μήκων: Difference between revisions

|Definition=Dor., Arc. μάκ-, <span class="bibl">Theoc.7.157</span>, <span class="title">IG</span>5(2).514.16 (Lycosura, ii B. C.): ωνος, ἡ (ὁ Arist. (v. infr. 11.2), <span class="bibl">Polem.Hist.88</span>, <span class="bibl">Polyaen.8.6.1</span>):—<span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> [[poppy]], esp. [[opium poppy]], [[Papaver somniferum]], μήκων δ' ἑτέρωσε κάρη βάλεν ἐνὶ κήπῳ <span class="bibl">Il.8.306</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Av.</span>160</span>, <span class="bibl">Thphr.<span class="title">HP</span>1.12.2</span> (s. v.l.), Theoc.l.c.; <b class="b3">μάκωνσι λευκαῖς</b> <span class="title">IG</span>l.c.; [[μήκων ἥμερος]], κηπευτή, Dsc. 4.64, Gal.6.548; [[μήκων  Ἡρακλεία]] = [[frothy poppy]], [[Silene venosa]], <span class="bibl">Thphr.<span class="title">HP</span> 9.12.5</span>; μ. ἀφρώδης Dsc.4.66; [[μήκων κερατῖτις]] = [[horned poppy]], [[Glaucium flavum]], <span class="bibl">Thphr.<span class="title">HP</span>9.12.3</span>, Dsc.4.65 (but = [[λεοντοπέταλον]], Ps.-Dsc. 3.96); [[μήκων μέλαινα]] = [[corn poppy]], [[Papaver rhoeas]], [[common poppy]], [[corn rose]], [[field poppy]], [[Flanders poppy]], [[red poppy]], <span class="bibl">Thphr.<span class="title">HP</span>9.11.9</span>, Dsc. 4.64 ([[μέλας]] Ps.-Dsc.ibid.); [[μήκων ῥοιάς]] = [[Papaver hybridum]], <span class="bibl">Thphr.<span class="title">HP</span>9.12.4</span>, Dsc.4.63; [[μήκων ἀγρία]] = [[μήκων μέλαινα]], ib.64; [[μήκων ἀγριωτέρα]] = [[windrose]], [[Papaver argemone]], ibid. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> a single [[poppy-seed]], <span class="bibl">Archim.<span class="title">Aren.</span>2.4</span>; collectively, μ. ἁδρά <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Mul.</span>2.192</span>; μ. μεμελιτωμένη <span class="bibl">Th.4.26</span>; <b class="b3">ὀπὸς μήκωνος</b> [[opium]], Asclep. ap. Gal.14.138, etc. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> [[poppy-head]], <span class="bibl">Thphr. <span class="title">HP</span>4.8.10</span>: as an architectural ornament, <span class="bibl">Paus.5.20.5</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> [[quasiliver]] of testaceous animals (ὀστρακηρά), <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">HA</span>530a15</span>, <span class="bibl">547a16</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> [[ink bag of the cuttlefish]], <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Fr.</span>334</span> (masc.), Ael.<span class="title">NA</span>ap.Suid. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">III</span> [[a metallic sand]], <span class="bibl">Poll.7.100</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">IV</span> [[the part of the ear at the root under the lobe]], <span class="bibl">Id.2.86</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">V</span> [[μήκων ἀφρώδης]] = [[πέπλος]], [[spurge]], Dsc.4.167; so [[μ]]. alone, as a purgative, freq. in <span class="bibl">Hp., <span class="title">Mul.</span>2.124</span>, <span class="bibl">192</span>, al., <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Morb.</span>3.16</span>; ὀπὸς μήκωνος <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Mul.</span>2.201</span>; [[μ]]. alone, = [[τιθυμαλλίς]], Dsc.4.164. (Etym. dub.; OHG. [[māgo]], Germ. [[mohn]], OSlav.[[makû]] are prob. borrowed.)</span>

|etymtx=Grammatical information: f.<br />Meaning: <b class="b2">poppy, Papaver somniferum, poppy-head</b> (Θ 306), meatph. of poppy-like objects, e.g. <b class="b2">ink-bag of the cuttle-fish</b> (m., Arist.).<br />Other forms: Dor. Arc. [[μάκων]], <b class="b3">-ωνος</b>.<br />Compounds: <b class="b3">μηκωνο-φόρος</b> (sc. [[γῆ]]) f. [[poppy-bearing country]] (pap.).<br />Derivatives: 1. name of poppy-like plants (Euphorbia, wild lettuce): <b class="b3">μηκών-ιον</b> (Hp., Thphr.; also = [[opium]] [Phld.]), <b class="b3">-ίς</b> f. (Nic., inscr., pap.). <b class="b3">-ῖτις</b> (Gal., Redard 74; also name of a stone [Plin.], Redard 57). 2. adj. <b class="b3">μηκών-ειος</b> [[spiced with poppy]] (Philostr.), n. [[opium]] (S. E., sch.), f. <b class="b3">-ίς</b> (Alcm.), <b class="b3">-ικός</b> [[poppy-like]] (Thphr.). 3. Dimin. [[μηκωνάριον]] (Androm. ap. Gal.).<br />Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]<br />Etymology: Formation like [[βλήχων]] a. o. (Chantraine Form. 162). Clearly related to the Slav. and Germ. word for [[poppy]]: Slav., e.g. Russ. CSl. [[makъ]], Russ. [[mak]] (old <b class="b3">ο-</b>stem); Germ., e.g. OHG [[maho]], MHG [[mahen]], [[mān]]; besides with gramm. change OHG [[mago]], OSw. [[val-moghi]] (<b class="b2">val-</b> < <b class="b2">*u̯alha-</b> [[torpor]]) a. o. Notable are both the gramm. change and the short vowel against Gr. <b class="b3">-α-</b>, both of which can be interpreted as pointing to old. cognates. As acc. to botanists the poppy originates from the Mediterranean, it must be an already IE loan of a [[Wanderwort]]. WP. 2, 225 (with a quite doubtful root connection), Pok. 698, Schrader-Nehring Reallex. 2, 68 f., Machek Ling. Posn. 2, 158, Fraenkel Lit. et. Wb. s. <b class="b2">aguonà</b>. Fur. 218 compares <b class="b3">βηκώνιον εἶδος βοτάνης</b> and concludes to a Pre-Greek form.