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συκοφάντης: Difference between revisions
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{{elnl | {{elnl | ||
|elnltext= | |elnltext=συκοφάντης -ου, ὁ [σῦκον, φαίνω] iemand die zijn geld verdient door mensen valselijk aan te klagen of te chanteren: sycofant. | ||
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{{etym | {{etym | ||
|etymtx=Grammatical information: m.<br />Meaning: [[false accuser]], [[denunciator]], later also [[trickster]], [[cadger]] (Ar.).<br />Other forms: Besides [[συκοφάσεις]] pl. = [[συκοφαντίαι]] (AP; after [[ἀποφάσεις]] a.o.).<br />Derivatives: <b class="b3">συκοφαντ-έω</b> <b class="b2">act as denunciator, accuse falsely, to practise blackmail</b>, <b class="b3">-ία</b> f. [[false accusation]], <b class="b3">-ίας</b> m. ([[ἄνεμος]]) "wind of accusations" (joking formation; Ar.), <b class="b3">-ημα</b> n. = <b class="b3">-ία</b>, <b class="b3">-ικός</b> und <b class="b3">-ώδης</b> [[slanderous]] (Att. etc.). Fem. [[συκοφάντρια]] (Ar.; Fraenkel Nom. ag. 2, 25).<br />Origin: GR [a formation built with Greek elements]<br />Etymology: Expression of popular language, prop. "fig-indicator", already in antiquity diff. explained. According to one interpretation (Plu. Sol. 24) prop. from one, who found out people, who against the prohibition exported figs from Attica, and denounced them. After Cook ClassRev. 1907, 133 ff. (agreeing Kretschmer Glotta 1, 386 w. lit.) the expression refers to an apotropäic gesture like Ital. [[far le fiche]], Fr. <b class="b2">faire la figue | |etymtx=Grammatical information: m.<br />Meaning: [[false accuser]], [[denunciator]], later also [[trickster]], [[cadger]] (Ar.).<br />Other forms: Besides [[συκοφάσεις]] pl. = [[συκοφαντίαι]] (AP; after [[ἀποφάσεις]] a.o.).<br />Derivatives: <b class="b3">συκοφαντ-έω</b> <b class="b2">act as denunciator, accuse falsely, to practise blackmail</b>, <b class="b3">-ία</b> f. [[false accusation]], <b class="b3">-ίας</b> m. ([[ἄνεμος]]) "wind of accusations" (joking formation; Ar.), <b class="b3">-ημα</b> n. = <b class="b3">-ία</b>, <b class="b3">-ικός</b> und <b class="b3">-ώδης</b> [[slanderous]] (Att. etc.). Fem. [[συκοφάντρια]] (Ar.; Fraenkel Nom. ag. 2, 25).<br />Origin: GR [a formation built with Greek elements]<br />Etymology: Expression of popular language, prop. "fig-indicator", already in antiquity diff. explained. According to one interpretation (Plu. Sol. 24) prop. from one, who found out people, who against the prohibition exported figs from Attica, and denounced them. After Cook ClassRev. 1907, 133 ff. (agreeing Kretschmer Glotta 1, 386 w. lit.) the expression refers to an apotropäic gesture like Ital. [[far le fiche]], Fr. <b class="b2">faire la figue à qn</b>. For the literal interpretation Gernet Mél. Boisacq 1, 393. | ||
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|woodrun=[[a malicious accuser]], [[malicious accuser]] | |woodrun=[[a malicious accuser]], [[malicious accuser]] | ||
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==Wikipedia EN== | |||
In modern English, sycophant denotes an "insincere flatterer" and is used to refer to someone practicing sycophancy (i.e. insincere flattery to gain advantage). The word has its origin in the legal system of Classical Athens. Most legal cases of the time were brought by private litigants as there was no police force and only a limited number of officially appointed public prosecutors. By the fifth century BCE this practice had given rise to abuse by "sycophants": litigants who brought unjustified prosecutions. The word retains the same meaning ("slanderer") in Modern Greek and French (where it also can mean "informer"). In modern English, the meaning of the word has shifted to its present usage. | |||
