μέτρον: Difference between revisions

|Definition=τό, <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> [[that by which anything is measured]]: </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">1</span> [[measure]], [[rule]], μέτρ' ἐν χερσὶν ἔχοντες <span class="bibl">Il.12.422</span>; ἐν μέτροισι ταμὼν δόνακας <span class="bibl"><span class="title">h.Merc.</span>47</span>; <b class="b3">πάντ' ἄνδρα πάντων χρημάτων μ. εἶναι</b> is [[a measure]] of all things, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Tht.</span>183c</span>, cf. Protag. ap. <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Metaph.</span>1053a36</span>; μ. αὐτῷ οὐχ ἡ ψυχή, ἀλλ' ὁ νόμος <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>1.3.18</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">b</span> Math., [[measure]], [[divisor]], Eratosth. ap. <span class="bibl">Nicom.<span class="title">Ar.</span>1.13</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> [[measure of content]], whether solid or liquid, δῶκεν μέθυ, χίλια μ. <span class="bibl">Il.7.471</span>; εἴκοσι δ' ἔστω μ.… ἀλφίτου <span class="bibl">Od.2.355</span>; ὕδατος ἀνὰ εἴκοσι μ. χεῦε <span class="bibl">9.209</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Il.23.268</span>, <span class="bibl">741</span>, <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Op.</span>350</span>, <span class="bibl">600</span>, etc.; at Samos, of the [[μέδιμνος]], <span class="title">SIG</span>976.55 (ii B.C.); in Egypt, of the ἀρτάβη, μ. δοχικόν <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PTeb.</span>11.6</span> (ii B.C.); also of smaller units, as <b class="b3">μ. ἑξαχοίνικον</b> ib.<span class="bibl">105.40</span> (ii B.C.); <b class="b3">μέτροις καὶ σταθμοῖς</b> [[by measure]] and weight, Decr. ap. <span class="bibl">And.1.83</span>; in the widest sense, either [[weight]] or [[measure]], Φείδωνος τοῦ τὰ μ. ποιήσαντος Πελοποννησίοισι <span class="bibl">Hdt.6.127</span>; <b class="b3">μ. οἰνηρά, σιτηρά</b>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">EN</span>1135a2</span>; Κιλικίῳ μ. μετρεῖν <span class="title">OGI</span>579.2 (Cilicia). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> [[any space measured]] or [[measurable]], [[length]], [[size]], in pl., [[dimensions]], <b class="b3">μέτρα κελεύθου</b> [[the length]] of the way, <span class="bibl">Od.4.389</span>; μέτρα θαλάσσης <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Op.</span>648</span>, Orac. ap. <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.47</span>; <b class="b3">μορφῆς μέτρα</b> bodily [[dimensions]], <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Alc.</span>1063</span>; <b class="b3">τὰ μ. τοῦ λίθου</b> its [[distances]] from a given point in given directions, its [[position]], <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.121</span>.ά, cf. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span> 843e</span>, <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Sol.</span>23</span>; ἄστρων μέτρα <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Fr.</span>432.8</span>; ἀπέχει… θαλάσσης μέτρον ἑξήκοντα σταδίους <span class="bibl">Th.8.95</span>; <b class="b3">τῷ Ἴστρῳ ἐκ τῶν ἴσων μ. ὁρμᾶται [ὁ Νεῖλος</b>] starts from the same [[distances]] as (i.e. the position corresponding to the source of) the Ister, <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.33</span>; εἰδέναι τὴν ἑαυτοῦ χώραν μέτρῳ καὶ τόπῳ <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>8.5.3</span>; ἐντὸς τῶν μ. τετμημένον μέταλλον <span class="bibl">Hyp.<span class="title">Eux.</span>35</span>; later of Time, [[duration]], μέτρα βίοιο ἄρκια <span class="title">APl.</span>4.333 (Antiphil.); <b class="b3">ἐτέων μέτρα, ὡράων μέτρον</b>, <span class="title">AP</span>7.334,9.481; <b class="b3">μέτρα ἐνιαυτῶν, νυκτός</b>, <span class="bibl">Arat.464.731</span>; χρονικὰ μ. Simp. in de An.<span class="bibl">299.37</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">b</span> [[limit]], [[goal]], <b class="b3">ὅρμου μ</b>. the [[goal]] which is the mooring-place, <span class="bibl">Od.13.101</span>; <b class="b3">ἥβης μ. ἱκέσθαι</b> the [[term]] which is puberty, <span class="bibl">Il.11.225</span>, <span class="bibl">Hes. <span class="title">Op.</span>132</span>; but, <b class="b3">ἥβης μ. ἔχειν</b> [[full measure]] of youthful vigour, ib. <span class="bibl">438</span>, <span class="bibl">Thgn.1119</span>; σοφίης, γνωμοσύνης μ. <span class="bibl">Sol.13.52</span>, <span class="bibl">16.2</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">4</span> [[due measure]] or [[limit]], [[proportion]], μέτρα φυλάσσεσθαι <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Op.</span>694</span>; χρὴ κατ' αὐτὸν παντὸς ὁρᾶν μέτρον <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>2.34</span>; μέτρα μὲν γνώμᾳ διώκων, μέτρα δὲ καὶ κατέχων <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">I.</span>6(5).71</span>; κατὰ μέτρον <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Op.</span>720</span>; πίνειν ὑπὲρ μέτρον <span class="bibl">Thgn.498</span>; προστιθεὶς μ. <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ch.</span>797</span> (lyr.); <b class="b3">τί μ. κακότατος ἔφυ</b>; <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">El.</span>236</span> (lyr.); <b class="b3">μ. ἔχει</b> have [[a moderating power]], <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>836a</span>; πλέον πίνειν τοῦ μέτρου <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">R.</span>621a</span>; μ. ἔχειν <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Lg.</span>957a</span>; [[μέτρῳ]], = [[μετρίως]], [[καταβαίνειν]] <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>8.78</span>; οὐδεὶς τῷ μ. τὸ πίνειν ἔστεργε <span class="bibl">Alciphr. 3.32</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">5</span> <b class="b3">τίς ἱππείοις ἐν ἔντεσσιν μέτρα… ἐπέθηκ</b>' [[checks]], i.e. bits, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>13.20</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> [[metre]], <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Nu.</span>638</span>, <span class="bibl">641</span>, etc.; opp. [[μέλος]] (music) and [[ῥυθμός]] (time), <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Grg.</span>502c</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">λόγους ψιλοὺς εἰς μέτρα τιθέντες</b> putting into [[verse]], <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Lg.</span>669d</span>; τὰ ἐν μέτρῳ πεποιημένα ἔπη <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span> 1.2.21</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> pl., [[verses]], <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ly.</span>205a</span>. (I.-E. <b class="b2">*métro-m</b> from <b class="b2">*métro-m</b> 'measuring instrument', cf. Goth. [[mitan]] 'measure'.)</span>