μαλακός: Difference between revisions

|Definition=ή, όν, <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> [[soft]]: </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">I</span> of things subject to touch, εὐνή <span class="bibl">Il.9</span>. <span class="bibl">618</span>; κώεα <span class="bibl">Od.3.38</span>; τάπης μαλακοῦ ἐρίοιο <span class="bibl">4.124</span>; χιτών <span class="bibl">Il.2.42</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PSI</span> 4.364.5</span> (iii B.C.); πέπλοι <span class="bibl">Il.24.796</span>; <b class="b3">νειὸς μ</b>. [[fresh-ploughed]] fallow, <span class="bibl">18.541</span>; <b class="b3">λειμῶνες μ</b>. [[soft grassy]] meadows, <span class="bibl">Od.5.72</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Il.14.349</span>; πόας ἄνθος Sapph.54; τάπητες… -ώτεροι ὕπνω <span class="bibl">Theoc.15.125</span>; of the skin or flesh, μ. παρειαί <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>783</span> (lyr.); χρώς <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Med.</span>1403</span> (anap.); σώματα <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>3.10.1</span>; <b class="b3">πρόβατα μ</b>. [[soft-fleeced]], <span class="bibl">D.47.52</span>; <b class="b3">τόποι πεδινοὶ καὶ μ</b>., opp. hard, rugged ground, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">HA</span>607a10</span>; <b class="b3">οἱ κρημνοὶ οἱ μ</b>. ib.<span class="bibl">615b31</span>; μ. πέτρα <span class="title">SIG</span>970.8 (iii B.C.), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PPetr.</span>2p.6</span> (iii B.C.); <b class="b3">μ. τέφρα</b> a [[slow]] fire, <span class="bibl">Ph.<span class="title">Bel.</span>89.36</span>; so μ. πῦρ Androm. ap. Gal.13.26; μ. ἀνθρακιά Dsc.2.76; <b class="b3">ὕδωρ μ</b>., of [[marsh]] water, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Fr.</span>192.8</span> (anap.), <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ti.</span>59d</span> (cf. [[μαλθακός]]); of soil, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Oec.</span>19.8</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Criti.</span>111b</span>. Adv., <b class="b3">μαλακῶς ἐνεύδειν, εὑδέμεναι</b>, to sleep [[softly]], i.e. [[on soft bedding]], <span class="bibl">Od. 3.350</span>, <span class="bibl">24.255</span>; μαλακώτατα καθεύδειν <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>2.1.24</span>; <b class="b3">καθίζου μ</b>. sit [[softly]], i.e. [[on a cushion]], <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Eq.</span>785</span>; ὑποστορεῖτε μ. τῷ κυνί <span class="bibl">Eub.90</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">108</span>; but <b class="b3">ὡς μ. ἐσθίεις</b> what [[dainty]] food you have! <span class="bibl">Thphr.<span class="title">Char.</span>2.10</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> [[μαλακά]] (sc. [[σκεύη]]), τά, [[household utensils]], <span class="bibl">Men.<span class="title">Per.Fr.</span>3</span>, <span class="bibl">Diph.19</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> of things not subject to touch, [[gentle]], θάνατος <span class="bibl">Od. 18.202</span>; ὕπνος <span class="bibl">Il.10.2</span>; κῶμα <span class="bibl">14.359</span>; <b class="b3">μ. ἔπεα</b> [[soft]], [[fair]] words, <span class="bibl">1.582</span>, <span class="bibl">6.337</span>; λόγοι <span class="bibl">Od.1.56</span>; ἐπαοιδαί <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>3.51</span>; παρηγορίαι <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>95</span> (anap.); αὖραι <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Oec.</span>20.18</span>; <b class="b3">μ. βλέμμα</b> [[tender]], [[youthful]] looks, <span class="bibl">Ar. <span class="title">Pl.</span>1022</span>; μαλακὰ φρονέων ἐσλοῖς <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">N.</span>4.95</span>; <b class="b3">μ. οἶνος</b> [[mild]], <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Pr.</span> 873b34</span>; <b class="b3">μ. [φωνή</b>] [[soft]], <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Aud.</span>803a8</span> (Comp.); of scent, [[faint]], [[delicate]], <span class="bibl">Thphr.<span class="title">HP</span>6.7.4</span>; of climate, [[mild]], ib.<span class="bibl">6.8.1</span>. Adv. μαλακῶς, αὐλεῖν <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Aud.</span>803a20</span>; ἐὰν τὰ σκληρὰ μ. λέγηται <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Rh.</span>1408b9</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> [[light]], [[mild]], -ώτεραι ζημίαι <span class="bibl">Th.3.45</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">III</span> of persons or modes of life, [[soft]], [[mild]], [[gentle]], <b class="b3">μαλακώτερος ἀμφαφάασθαι</b> [[easier]] to handle, of a fallen hero, <span class="bibl">Il.22.373</span>; ἐκ τῶν μ. χώρων μ. ἄνδρας γίνεσθαι <span class="bibl">Hdt.9.122</span>; -ώτερον ἐκ σκληροτέρου τὸ τῆς ψυχῆς ἦθος <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>666b</span>; ἀρνίου -ώτερος <span class="bibl">Philippid.29</span>; -ώτερον τὸ ἦθος τὸ τῶν θηλειῶν <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">HA</span> 608a25</span>; ἀρρένων καὶ μ. ἠθῶν καὶ πράξεων Phld.<span class="title">Mus.</span>p.92 K. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> in bad sense, [[soft]], μ. ἐν τῇ ξυναγωγῇ τοῦ πολέμου <span class="bibl">Th.2.18</span>; μ. ἦν περὶ τοῦ μισθοῦ <span class="bibl">Id.8.29</span>; πρὸς τὸ πονεῖν <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>1.2.2</span>. Adv. -κῶς, ξυμμαχεῖν <span class="bibl">Th.6.78</span>; -<b class="b3">ωτέρως ἀνθήπτετο</b> attacked him [[somewhat feebly]], <span class="bibl">Id.8.50</span>; μ. φιλεῖν <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>3.11.10</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">b</span> [[faint-hearted]], [[cowardly]], <span class="bibl">Th.6.13</span>, <span class="bibl">X. <span class="title">HG</span>4.5.16</span> (Comp.), etc. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">c</span> <b class="b2">morally weak, lacking in self-control</b>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.153</span> (Comp.); ἀντίκειται τῷ μ. ὁ καρτερικός <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">EN</span>1150a33</span>: c. inf., μαλακὸς καρτερεῖν πρὸς ἡδονάς τε καὶ λύπας <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>556c</span>; τὸ τρυφῶν καὶ μ. <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">V.</span>1455</span> (lyr.); <b class="b3">μ. οὐδὲν ἐνδιδόναι</b> not to give in [[from weakness]] or [[want of spirit]], <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.51</span>,<span class="bibl">105</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Pl.</span>488</span>; <b class="b3">τὰ μ</b>. [[indulgences]], <span class="bibl">Epich.288</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>7.2.28</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">d</span> = [[παθητικός]], <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PHib.</span>1.54.11</span> (iii B.C.), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">1 Ep.Cor.</span>6.9</span>, <span class="bibl">Vett.Val.113.22</span>, <span class="bibl">D.L.7.173</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">e</span> of music, [[soft]], [[effeminate]], μ. ἁρμονίαι <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>398e</span>, <span class="bibl">411a</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Pol.</span>1290a28</span>; [[tuned to a low pitch]], opp. σύντονος, χρῶμα μ. <span class="bibl">Cleonid.<span class="title">Harm.</span>7</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">f</span> of style, [[feeble]], τὸ -ώτερον καὶ ταπεινότερον Phld.<span class="title">Rh.</span>1.197 S. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">g</span> of reasoning, [[weak]], [[loose]], λόγος <span class="bibl">Isoc.12.4</span> (Comp.), cf. <span class="bibl">5.149</span> (Comp.); λόγος λίαν μ. <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Metaph.</span>1090b8</span>. Adv. -<b class="b3">κῶς, συλλογίζεσθαι</b> to reason [[loosely]], <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Rh.</span>1396b1</span> (Comp.); ἀποδεικνύειν -ώτερον <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Metaph.</span>1025b13</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> [[weakly]], [[sickly]], -<b class="b3">κῶς ἔχειν</b> to be [[ill]], <span class="bibl">Hermipp.58</span>, Ps.-Hdt. <span class="title">Vit.Hom.</span>34, <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">DDeor.</span>9.1</span>; -κῶς διάκειται <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PCair.Zen.</span>263.3</span> (iii B.C.). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">IV</span> Adv. -[[κῶς]], v. supr. I, II, III.</span>