οὗτος: Difference between revisions

|Definition=<b class="b3">αὕτη, τοῦτο</b>, gen. <b class="b3">τούτου, ταύτης, τούτου</b>, etc.: the dual fem. never in Att., v. ὁ, ἡ, τό, init.:—demonstr. Pron., <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> [[this]], common from Hom. downwds. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> ORIGIN and FORMS: <b class="b3">οὗτος, αὕτη, τοῦτο</b> prob. arose from a reduplication of the demonstr. ὁ, ἡ, τό with insertion of <b class="b3">-υ-</b> (= Skt. Particle [[u]]), e.g. [[ταῦτα]] fr. <b class="b3">τα-υ-τα</b>: Dor. gen. sg. fem. τούτας <span class="bibl">Philol.11</span>; nom. pl. τοῦτοι, ταῦται <span class="bibl">A.D.<span class="title">Synt.</span>111.23</span>: the former occurs <span class="bibl">Sophr.24</span>, <span class="title">GDI</span>3045 <span class="title">B</span>6 (Selinus), <span class="title">SIG</span>339.16 (Rhodes, iii B. C.), etc., the latter is dub. in <span class="bibl">Sophr.97</span>, certain in <span class="title">SIG</span>241 <span class="title">B</span>117 (Delph., iv B. C.): in Boeot. all forms begin with <b class="b3">οὑτ-</b>, as gen. sg. neut. οὕτω <span class="title">Supp.Epigr.</span>3.359.11 (iii B. C.); acc. sg. fem. οὕταν Corinn. <span class="title">Supp.</span>2.80; acc. pl. neut. οὗτα <span class="title">SIG</span>1185.20 (Tanagra, iii B. C.), etc.: gen. pl. fem. Att. [[τούτων]], Cret. ταυτᾶν <span class="title">Leg.Gort.</span>5.19; neut. ταύτων <span class="title">Michel</span> 1334.10 (Elis, iv B. C.).—In Ion. sts. written <b class="b3">ταότην, ταο̄τα</b>, <span class="title">SIG</span>283.19 (Chios, iv B. C.), 46.7 (Halic., v B. C.), al.—In Att. [[οὗτος]] was freq. strengthd. by the demonstr. <b class="b3">-ί, οὑτοσί, αὑτηί, τουτί</b>, gen. [[τουτουί]], dat. [[τουτῳί]], acc. [[τουτονί]]; pl. nom. [[οὑτοιί]], neut. [[ταυτί]], etc., [[this man here]]: sts. a Particle is inserted between the Pron. and <b class="b3">-ί</b>, as [[αὑτηγί]] for <b class="b3">αὑτηί γε</b>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ach.</span>784</span>; [[τουτογί]] for <b class="b3">τουτί γε</b>, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">V.</span>781</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Av.</span>894</span>, al.; [[ταυταγί]] for <b class="b3">ταυτί γε</b>, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Eq.</span>492</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Pax</span>1057</span>, al.; [[τουτοδί]] for <b class="b3">τουτὶ δέ</b>, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Pl.</span>227</span>; [[τουτουμενί]] for <b class="b3">τουτουὶ μέν</b>, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ra.</span>965</span>.—In codd. the <b class="b3">ν ἐφελκυστικόν</b> is sts. added in the forms <b class="b3">οὑτοσίν, οὑτωσίν</b>, and [[οὑτοσίν]] is said to be Att. by <span class="bibl">A.D.<span class="title">Pron.</span>59.24</span>, <span class="bibl">82.11</span>. [This ι is always long, and a long vowel or diphthong before it becomes short, as <b class="b3">αὑτη?~Xί, τουτω?~Xί, οὑτοῐί</b>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Nu.</span>201</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Pl.</span>44</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ach.</span>40</span>, etc.] </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">B</span> USAGE in regard to CONCORD. [[οὗτος]] is freq. used as a Pron. Subst.: hence neut. is folld. by gen., κατὰ τοῦτο τῆς ἀκροπόλιος <span class="bibl">Hdt. 1.84</span>; εἰς τοῦθ' ὕβρεως ἐλήλυθεν <span class="bibl">D.4.37</span>; εἰς τοῦθ' ἥκεις μανίας <span class="bibl">Id.36.48</span>; ταῦτα τῶν μαθημάτων <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Euthd.</span>278b</span>: but quite as freq. as Adj., in which case its Subst. commonly takes the Art., <b class="b3">οὗτος ὁ ἀνήρ</b> or <b class="b3">ὁ ἀνὴρ οὗτος</b>.—But the Art. is absent, </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">1</span> always in Ep. Poets (exc. <span class="bibl">Od.18.114</span>), οὗτος ἀνήρ <span class="bibl">Il.14.471</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.1.406</span>, etc.: sts. also in Trag., <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pers.</span> 122</span> (lyr.), <span class="bibl">495</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>406</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">OC</span>471</span>,<span class="bibl">1177</span>: once in an Inscr., [[τοπεῖα]]: τούτων τὰ ἡμίσεα τοπείων <span class="title">IG</span>22.1622.135 (iv B. C.). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> sts. when the Noun is so specified that the Art. is not needed, ἐς γῆν ταύτην... ἥντινα νῦν Σκύθαι νέμονται <span class="bibl">Hdt.4.8</span>; ταύτας ἃς οἱ πατέρες παρέδοσαν μελέτας <span class="bibl">Th. 1.85</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>449d</span>, etc.; πατὴρ σὸς οὗτος, ὃν θρηνεῖς ἀεί <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">El.</span>530</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> when [[οὗτος]] is used in local sense, [[here]], v. infr. c. <span class="bibl">1.5</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">4</span> when the Noun with which [[οὗτος]] agrees stands as its Predicate, αὕτη γὰρ ἦν σοι πρόφασις <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>1034</span>; <b class="b3">δικαστοῦ αὕτη ἀρετή [ἐστι</b>] <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ap.</span>18a</span>: this exception extends to cases in which the Predicate is not so distinctly separated from the Subject, <b class="b3">αἰτίαι μὲν αὗται προυγεγένηντο</b> [[these]] were the grievances which already existed, <span class="bibl">Th.1.66</span>; <b class="b3">ταύτην φήμην παρέδοσαν</b> [[this]] was the report which... <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phlb.</span>16c</span>: freq. with a Sup., <b class="b3">κίνησις αὕτη μεγίστη δὴ… ἐγένετο</b> [[this]] was notably the greatest movement which... <span class="bibl">Th.1.1</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">3.113</span>: with πρῶτος <span class="bibl">Id.1.55</span>,<span class="bibl">98</span>, <span class="bibl">6.31</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Luc.</span> 2.2</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">5</span> when 3rd pers. is used for 2nd to express contempt, <b class="b3">οὗτος ἀνήρ, οὑτοσὶ ἀνήρ</b>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Grg.</span>467b</span>,<span class="bibl">489b</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> though [[οὗτος]] usu. agrees with the Noun that serves as Predicate, it is not rare to find it in the neut., μανία δὲ καὶ τοῦτ' ἐστί <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ba.</span>305</span>; τοῦτο γάρ εἰσι… εὔθυναι <span class="bibl">D.19.82</span>, etc.: and in pl., οὐκ ἔστι ταῦτα ἀρχή <span class="bibl">Aeschin. 3.13</span>; ταῦτ' ἐστὶν ὁ προδότης <span class="bibl">Id.2.166</span>: so with an explanatory clause added, τοῦτο γάρ ἐστιν ὁ συκοφάντης, αἰτιᾶσθαι μὲν πάντα ἐξελέγξαι δὲ μηδέν <span class="bibl">D.57.34</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> so also with a Noun in apposition, τούτοισιν μὲν ταῦτα μέλει, κίθαρις καὶ ἀοιδή <span class="bibl">Od.1.159</span>; τούτου τιμῶμαι, ἐν πρυτανείῳ σιτήσεως <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ap.</span>36e</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Fr.</span>323.3</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> the neut. also may refer to a masc. or fem. Noun, <b class="b3">καρπὸν φορέει κυάμῳ ἴσον</b>: <b class="b3">τοῦτο ἐπεὰν γένηται πέπον κτλ</b>. <span class="bibl">Hdt.4.23</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>1.5.10</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">4</span> the neut. is also used of classes of persons, <b class="b3">μελιτοπῶλαι καὶ τυροπῶλαι</b>: τοῦτο δ' εἰς ἕν ἐστι συγκεκυφός <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Eq.</span>854</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>711a</span>; or of an abstract fact, οὐκ Ἰοφῶν ζῇ;—τοῦτο γάρ τοι καὶ μόνον ἔτ' ἐστὶ λοιπὸν ἀγαθόν <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ra.</span>73</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">III</span> with Prons., </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">1</span> personal, <b class="b3">οὗτος σύ</b>, in local sense, v. infr. c.<span class="bibl">1.5</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> interrog., <b class="b3">τί τοῦτ' ἔλεξας</b>; what is <b class="b2">this that… ?</b> <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>1173</span> (lyr.), cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ant.</span>7</span>; <b class="b3">ποίοισι τούτοις</b>; for <b class="b3">ποῖά ἐστι ταῦτα οἷς [ἔχεις ἐλπίδα</b>]<b class="b2">;</b> <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">OC</span>388</span>, cf.<span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ant.</span>1049</span>; <b class="b3">Νέστορ' ἔρειο ὅν τινα τοῦτον ἄγει</b> whom he brings [[here]], <span class="bibl">Il.11.612</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> with [[οἷος]], <span class="bibl">Od.20.377</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phd.</span>61c</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">4</span> possess., <b class="b3">πατὴρ σὸς οὗτος</b> [[this]] father of thine, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">El.</span>530</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>7.3.30</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">5</span> demonstr., <b class="b3">οὗτος ἐκεῖνος, τὸν σὺ ζητέεις</b>, where [[ἐκεῖνος]] is the Predicate, <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.32</span>; τοῦτ' ἔστ' ἐκεῖνο <span class="bibl">E. <span class="title">Hel.</span>622</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Or.</span>804</span>; <b class="b3">αὐτὸ τοῦτο</b>, v. [[αὐτός]] <span class="bibl">1.7</span>; <b class="b3">τοῦτον τὸν αὐτὸν ἄνδρα</b> [[this]] same man, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>128</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">b</span> exceptionally, Διφίλου οὗτος ὅδ' ἐστὶ τύπος <span class="title">IG</span>12(5).300 (Paros). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">6</span> <b class="b3">ἄλλος τις οὗτος ἀνέστη</b> another man [[here]], <span class="bibl">Od.20.380</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">IV</span> with Numerals, <b class="b3">τέθνηκε ταῦτα τρία ἔτη</b> [[these]] three years, <span class="bibl">Lys.7.10c</span>odd.; [<b class="b3">στρατείαν] ἑνδέκατον μῆνα τουτονὶ ποιεῖται</b> for [[these]] eleven months, <span class="bibl">D.8.2</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">3.4</span>; τριακοστὴν ταύτην ἡμέραν <span class="bibl">Men.<span class="title">Epit.</span>27</span>; ταύτας τριάκοντα μνᾶς <span class="bibl">D.27.23</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Grg.</span> 463b</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">C</span> SIGNIFICATION AND SPECIAL IDIOMS: </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">I</span> [[this]], to designate [[the nearer]], opp. [[ἐκεῖνος]], [[that]], [[the more remote]], [[ταῦτα]], like τὰ ἐνταῦθα, <b class="b2">things round and about us, earthly things</b>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phd.</span>75e</span> (v. l.); cf. [[ὅδε]] init.: but [[οὗτος]] sts. indicates that which is not really nearest, but most important, <b class="b3">δεῖ… τὸ βέλτιστον ἀεί, μὴ τὸ ῥᾷστον λέγειν</b>: <b class="b3">ἐπὶ ἐκεῖνο μὲν γὰρ ἡ φύσις αὐτὴ βαδιεῖται, ἐπὶ τοῦτο δὲ κτλ</b>. <span class="bibl">D.8.72</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">51.3</span> and 18. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> when, of two things, one precedes and the other follows, [[ὅδε]] prop. refers to what follows, [[οὗτος]] to what precedes, οὐκ ἔστι σοι ταῦτ', ἀλλά σοι τάδ' ἔστι <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>787</span>, cf. [[ὅδε]] III. <span class="bibl">2</span>: freq., however, where there are not two things, [[οὗτος]] refers to what follows, <span class="bibl">Il. 13.377</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.2.306</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">οὔκουν… τοῦτο γιγνώσκεις, ὅτι</b>… ; <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>379</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> [[οὗτος]] is used emphat., generally in contempt, while [[ἐκεῖνος]] denotes praise, <b class="b3">ὁ πάντ' ἄναλκις οὗτος</b>, i.e. Aegisthus, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">El.</span>301</span>; τούτους τοὺς συκοφάντας <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Cri.</span>45a</span>; so D.<span class="title">de Coron.</span> uses [[οὗτος]] of Aeschines, [[ἐκεῖνος]] of Philip; but [[οὗτος]] is used of Philip, <span class="bibl">D.2.15</span>, <span class="bibl">4.3</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">b</span> of what is familiar, <b class="b3">τούτους τοὺς πολυτελεῖς χιτῶνας</b>, of the Persians, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>1.5.8</span>; οἱ τὰς τελετὰς… οὗτοι καταστήσαντες <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phd.</span>69c</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Men.</span>80a</span>; <b class="b3">τὸ θυλακῶδες τοῦτο</b> the [[familiar]] bag-like thing, <span class="bibl">Thphr.<span class="title">HP</span>3.7.3</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">3.18.11</span>, <span class="bibl">4.7.1</span>; οἱ τὰς κόρας ταύτας ὠνούμενοι τοῖς παισίν <span class="bibl">D.Chr.31.153</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">4</span> in Att. law-language, [[οὗτος]] is commonly applied to [[the opponent]], whether plaintiff (as in <span class="bibl">Aeschin. 2.130</span>) or defendant (as in <span class="bibl">Id.1.1</span>); so, in the political speeches of D., [[οὗτοι]] are [[the opposite party]], <span class="bibl">4.1</span>, <span class="bibl">8.7</span>, etc.; but in the forensic speeches, [[οὗτοι]] freq. means [[the judges]], [[the court]], <span class="bibl">21.134</span>, <span class="bibl">36.47</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">5</span> much like an Adv., in local sense (cf. [[ὅδε]] init.), <b class="b3">τίς δ' οὗτος κατὰ νῆας… ἔρχεαι</b>; who art thou [[here]] that comest… ? <span class="bibl">Il.10.82</span>; freq. in Att., <b class="b3">τίς οὑτοσί</b>; who's this <b class="b2">here?</b> <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ach.</span>1048</span>; <b class="b3">πολλὰ ὁρῶ ταῦτα πρόβατα</b> I see many sheep [[here]], <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>3.5.9</span> (as v.l.): with Pron. of <span class="bibl">2</span> pers., <b class="b3">οὗτος σύ</b> [[ho]] you! you <b class="b2">there!</b> <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>532</span>, <span class="bibl">1121</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hec.</span>1280</span>, etc.: and then [[οὗτος]] alone like a voc., <b class="b3">οὗτος, τί ποιεῖς</b>; <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Supp.</span>911</span>,cf.<span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>71</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Alc.</span> 773</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Eq.</span>240</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Nu.</span>220</span>, al.: with a pr. n., ὦ οὗτος, Αἴας <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>89</span>; ὦ οὗτος οὗτος, Οἰδίπους <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">OC</span>1627</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">V.</span>1364</span>: with voc., βέντισθ' οὗτος <span class="bibl">Theoc.5.76</span>:—the fem. is rarer, αὕτη <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Med.</span>922</span>; αὕτη σύ <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Th.</span> 610</span>.—This phrase mostly implies anger, impatience, or scorn. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> simply as antec. to [[ὅς]], <span class="bibl">Od.2.40</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>1180</span>, etc.: freq. following relat. clause, ἅ γ' ἔλαβες,… μεθεῖναι ταῦτα <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ph.</span>1247</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">1319</span>,<span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ant.</span> 183</span>, <span class="bibl">203</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Grg.</span>469c</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">III</span> = τοιοῦτος, οὗτος ἐγὼ ταχυτᾶτι <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span> 4.26</span>; σὺ τοίνυν οὗτος εὑρέθης <span class="bibl">D.18.282</span>, cf. 173. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">IV</span> after a parenthesis, the Subject, though already named, is freq. emphat. repeated by οὗτος, οὐδὲ γὰρ οὐδὲ Ἀριστέης... οὐδὲ οὗτος προσωτέρω… ἔφησε ἀπικέσθαι <span class="bibl">Hdt.4.16</span>, cf.<span class="bibl">81</span> (s. v. l.), <span class="bibl">1.146</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phd.</span>107d</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">V</span> <b class="b3">καὶ οὗτος</b> is added to heighten the force of a previous word, ξυνεστῶτες… ναυτικῷ ἀγῶνι, καὶ τούτῳ πρὸς Ἀθηναίους <span class="bibl">Th.4.55</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.147</span>, <span class="bibl">6.11</span>, etc.; so οὐδὲ τούτου <span class="bibl">Aeschin.2.100</span>; v. infr. VIII.2. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">VI</span> repeated, where for the second we should merely say [[he]] or [[it]], τοῖσιν τούτου τοῦτον μέλεσιν… κελαδοῦντες <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ra.</span>1526</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">La.</span>200d</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">VII</span> [[ταῦτα]] is used in some special phrases, </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">1</span> <b class="b3">ταῦτ', ὦ δέσποτα</b> [[yes]] Sir (i. e. <b class="b3">ἔστι ταῦτα, ταῦτα δράσω</b>, etc.), <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">V.</span>142</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Pax</span>275</span>, cf. <span class="title">Eq.</span>III; so ταῦτα δή <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ach.</span>815</span>; ταῦτά νυν <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">V.</span>1008</span>; so also <b class="b3">ἦν ταῦτα</b> [[even so]], [[true]], <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ph.</span>417</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b3">ταῦτα μὲν δὴ ὑπάρξει</b> [[so]] it shall be, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phd.</span>78a</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> <b class="b3">καὶ ταῦτα μὲν δὴ ταῦτα</b> so much for [[that]], freq. in Att., as <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Smp.</span> 220c</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">4</span> [[ταῦτα]] at end of a formula in epitaphs, etc., prob. short for <b class="b3">ταῦτα οὕτως ἔχει</b> or <b class="b3">ὁ βίος ταῦτά ἐστιν</b>, e.g. [[οὐδὶς]]( = -εὶς) <b class="b3"> ἀθάνατος</b>: ταῦτα <span class="title">IG</span>14.420; <b class="b3">Προκόπι ταῦτα</b> ib.1824; [[χαίρεται]]( = -τε ) <b class="b3"> ταῦτα</b> ib.1479, etc.: similarly perh. in a letter, ἂμ μὴ πέμψῃς, οὐ μὴ φάγω, οὐ μὴ πείνω. ταῦτα <span class="bibl"><span class="title">POxy.</span>119.15</span> (ii/iii A. D.). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">VIII</span> Adverbial usages: </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">1</span> [[ταῦτα]] abs., [[therefore]], [[that is why]]... <span class="bibl">Il.11.694</span>; ταῦτ' ἄρα <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ach.</span>90</span>,<span class="bibl"><span class="title">Nu.</span> 319</span>, <span class="bibl">335</span>, <span class="bibl">394</span>, al., <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Smp.</span>4.55</span>; ταῦτα δή <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pers.</span>159</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Smp.</span>174a</span>; ταῦτ' οὖν <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Tr.</span>550</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">V.</span>1358</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">αὐτὰ ταῦτα ἥκω, ἵνα</b>… <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Prt.</span> 310e</span>: [[τοῦτο]] is rare in this sense, τοῦτ' ἀφικόμην, ὅπως… εὖ πράξαιμί τι <span class="bibl">S. <span class="title">OT</span>1005</span>; <b class="b3">αὐτὸ γὰρ τοῦτο</b> [[just because of this]], <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Smp.</span>204a</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">b</span> <b class="b3">πρὸς ταῦτα</b> [[so then]], [[therefore]], prop. used in indignant defiance, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>992</span>, <span class="bibl">1043</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>971</span>, <span class="bibl">1115</span>, <span class="bibl">1313</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">OT</span>426</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">OC</span>455</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b3">καὶ ταῦτα</b>, adding a circumstance heightening the force of what has been said, [[and that]], ἄνδρα γενναῖον θανεῖν, καὶ ταῦτα πρὸς γυναικός <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Eu.</span>627</span>: but mostly with a part., ὅς γ' ἐξέλυσας ἄστυ... καὶ ταῦθ' ὑφ' ἡμῶν οὐδὲν ἐξειδὼς πλέον <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>37</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ra.</span>704</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phdr.</span>241e</span>, etc.; or with a part. omitted, <b class="b3">ἥτις… τὴν τεκοῦσαν ὕβρισεν, καὶ ταῦτα τηλικοῦτος</b> (sc. [[οὖσα]]) <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">El.</span>614</span>; so καὶ ταῦτα μέντοι <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Erx.</span>400b</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">b</span> <b class="b3">καὶ ταῦτα</b> [[anyhow]], [[no matter what happens]] (or [[happened]]), <b class="b3">ἐπεχείρησας, οὐδὲν ὢν καὶ ταῦτα</b> you tried, but were no good [[anyhow]], i.e. try as you might, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">R.</span> 341c</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Diod.Com.3.5</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> <b class="b3">τοῦτο μέν... τοῦτο δέ</b>… <b class="b2">on the one hand... on the other... partly... partly</b>... very freq. in Hdt., as <span class="bibl">1.161</span>, al.; <b class="b3">τοῦτο μέν</b> is sts. answered by [[δέ]] only, <span class="bibl">4.76</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>670</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">OC</span>440</span>; by <b class="b3">δὲ αὖ</b>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.176</span>; by <b class="b3">ἔπειτα δέ</b>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>61</span>; by [[ἀλλά]], <span class="bibl">D.22.13</span>; by [[εἶτα]], <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>1345</span>; by <b class="b3">τοῦτ' αὖθις</b>, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ant.</span>165</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">4</span> dat. fem. [[ταύτῃ]], </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">a</span> [[on this spot]], [[here]], <b class="b3">ταύτῃ μὲν... τῇδε δ' αὖ</b>… <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ph.</span> 1331</span>; ἀλλ' ἐὰν ταύτῃ γε νικᾷ, ταυτῃὶ πεπλήξεται <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Eq.</span>271</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Th.</span> 1221</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">b</span> [[in this point]], [[herein]], μηδὲν ταύτῃ γε κομήσῃς <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Pl.</span>572</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Hier.</span>7.12</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">c</span> [[in this way]], [[thus]], <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>191</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>1300</span>, etc.; οὐ… ταῦτ' ἐστί πω ταύτῃ <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Eq.</span>843</span>; ἀλλ' οὔτι ταύτῃ ταῦτα <span class="bibl">E. <span class="title">Med.</span>365</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>511</span>: antec. to [[ὥσπερ]], <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>330c</span>; to [[ὅπῃ]], <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span> 8.3.2</span>; οὕτω τε καὶ ταύτῃ γίγνοιτο <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>681d</span>; <b class="b3">καὶ οὕτω καὶ ταύτῃ ἂν ἔχοι</b> ib.<span class="bibl">714d</span>; <b class="b3">ταύτῃ καλεῖσθαι</b>, etc., like οὕτω κ., Sch.<span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Smp.</span> 215b</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">5</span> <b class="b3">ἐκ τούτου</b> or [[τούτων]] [[thereupon]], <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span>3.1.6</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Oec.</span>2.1</span>; [[therefore]], <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">An.</span>3.3.5</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">6</span> <b class="b3">ἐν τούτῳ</b> [[in that case]], <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>440c</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">b</span> [[in the meantime]], <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.126</span>, <span class="bibl">Th.3.72</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>2.1.27</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">7</span> <b class="b3">πρὸς τούτοις</b> (-οισι) [[besides]], <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.51</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Prt.</span>326a</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>2.4.4</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Pl.</span>540</span>.</span>