ὅστις: Difference between revisions

|Definition=<b class="b3">ἥτις, ὅ τι</b> (sts. written <b class="b3">ὅ, τι</b> to dist. it from [[ὅτι]], <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> [[that]]): Hom. has also the masc. collat. form ὅτις <span class="bibl">Od.1.47</span>, al. (also in <span class="bibl">Critias 2.9</span> and Ion. and Arc. Prose, <span class="title">Jahresh.</span>12.136 (Erythrae), <span class="title">IG</span>12(5).22 (Ios), 5(2).343.34 (Orchom. Arc.)) and the neut. ὅττι <span class="bibl">Od.9.402</span>, al., cf. ὄττι <span class="bibl">Alc.45</span>.—In some forms only the second part is inflected, viz. gen. ὅτου <span class="bibl">Th.1.23</span>, al., Ep. ὅττεο <span class="bibl">Od.1.124</span>, later Ion. [[ὅτεο]] <span class="title">Jahresh.</span>l.c., contr. ὅττευ <span class="bibl">Od.17.121</span>, [[ὅτευ]] ib.<span class="bibl">421</span>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.7</span>; Lesb. ὄττω <span class="bibl">Sapph.<span class="title">Supp.</span>5.3</span>; dat. ὅτῳ <span class="bibl">Th.1.36</span>, al.; perh. also in Ion., <span class="bibl">Emp. 2.5</span>, <span class="bibl">Democr.99</span>, <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">VC</span>14</span>; Ep. ὅτεῳ <span class="bibl">Od.2.114</span>, and as disyll., <span class="bibl">Il.12.428</span>, <span class="bibl">15.664</span>; so <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.86</span>, al., <span class="bibl">Democr.100</span>, <span class="bibl">Heraclit.15</span>, <span class="title">SIG</span>194.21 (Amphipolis, iv B. C.); Arc. [[ὀσέοι]] <span class="title">IG</span>5(2).262.14 (Mantinea, v B. C.); Ep. acc. ὅτινα <span class="bibl">Od.8.204</span>, <span class="bibl">15.395</span>; Delph. gen. ὅτινος <span class="title">IG</span>22.1126.37 (iv B. C.), also <span class="title">Berl.Sitzb.</span>1927.167 (Cyrene); Delph. dat. ὅτινι <span class="title">IG</span> 22.1126.25; Cret. dat. sg. ὄτιμι <span class="title">Leg.Gort.</span>7.51, 8.7, al.: pl., nom. masc. Arg. ὄττινες <span class="title">Mnemos.</span>44.65 (iii B. C.); neut. ὅτινα <span class="bibl">Il.22.450</span>; gen. ὅτεων <span class="bibl">Od.10.39</span>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.8.65</span>, Att. ὅτων <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>414</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>7.6.24</span> (cj.), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Oec.</span>3.2</span> (cj.) (also in <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Fr.</span>238</span>, Anaxag.12, Hp.Aër.21); dat. [[ὁτέοισι]] (ν) <span class="bibl">Il.15.491</span>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.82</span>, Att. ὅτοισι <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>1335</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Eq.</span>758</span>, ὅτοις <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Tr.</span>1119</span>; acc. ὅτινας <span class="bibl">Il.15.492</span>, Aeol. ὄττινας Sapph.12: in a few forms only the first part is inflected, Cret. gen. sg. [[ὦτι]] prob. in <span class="title">Leg.Gort.</span>1.5, 2.50, 11.50, al., <span class="title">GDI</span>4993 ii 10: neut. pl. ἄτι <span class="title">Leg.Gort.</span>2.47, al.: of the forms with double inflection Hom. has only ὅν τινα <span class="bibl">Il.2.188</span>, al., ἥν τινα <span class="bibl">3.286</span>, al., οἵ τινες <span class="bibl">Od.4.94</span>, al., οὕς τινας <span class="bibl">Il.4.240</span>, al., ἅς τινας <span class="bibl">Od.8.573</span>; [[ᾧτινι]] first in <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Op.</span>31</span>, ἧστινος <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>1358</span>, ᾗ τινι δή <span class="bibl">Th.8.87</span>, οἷστισι <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Pax</span> 1279</span>: Att. Inscrr. have <b class="b3">ἧστινος ᾗτινι</b> along with masc. and neut. <b class="b3">ὅτου ὅτῳ</b>, and this rule holds with few exceptions in Trag. and Att. Prose before iv B. C.; [[ᾡτινιοῦν]] occurs in <span class="bibl">Lys.1.37</span>, etc.: [[ὅτῳ]] rarely as fem., <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">IT</span>1071</span>.—For the Ion. and Ep. form ἅσσα, Att. [[ἅττα]], v. [[ἅσσα]].—On the concord and construction cf. ὅς <span class="bibl">B. 1.1</span>,3, <span class="bibl">11.3</span>, 111.2a,b:—Radic. sense, <b class="b2">any one who, anything which, whosoever, whichsoever</b>; ὣς ἀπόλοιτο καὶ ἄλλος, ὅτις τοιαῦτά γε ῥέζοι <span class="bibl">Od.1.47</span>; ἀθανάτων ὅς τίς σε φυλάσσει <span class="bibl">15.35</span>, etc.: freq. without express antec., χαίρει δέ μιν ὅς τις ἐθείρῃ <span class="bibl">Il.21.347</span>; ἆσσον ἴτω ὅς τις δέπας οἴσεται <span class="bibl">23.667</span>: hence freq. in maxims or sentiments, οὐκ ἔστιν ὅ. πάντ' ἀνὴρ εὐδαιμονεῖ <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ra.</span>1217</span>; μακάριος ὅ. οὐσίαν καὶ νοῦν ἔχει <span class="bibl">Men.114</span>; <b class="b3">οὗτος βέλτιστος ἂν εἴη, ὅ</b>. . . <span class="bibl">Lys.3.4</span>, etc.: freq. in such phrases as <b class="b3">ὅστις εἶ, ὅστις ἐστί</b>, v. [[ὅς]] B. 111.2; <b class="b3">ἔστιν ὅ</b>., freq. with a neg., οὐ γὰρ ἔην ὅς τίς σφιν . . ἡγήσαιτο <span class="bibl">Il.2.687</span>; οὐκ ἔστιν ὅτῳ μείζονα μοῖραν νείμαιμ' ἢ σοί <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>293</span> (anap.), cf. <span class="bibl">989</span>, <span class="bibl">1070</span> (anap.), etc.; εἰσὶν οἵτινες <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Fr.</span>354.5</span>; <b class="b3">οὐδὲν ὅ τι οὐ</b> . . [[everything]], <span class="bibl">Hdt. 5.97</span>, <span class="bibl">Th.7.87</span>:—in these phrases the case of [[ὅστις]] commonly depends on that of [[οὐδείς]]; but sts. the reverse, v. [[οὐδείς]] <span class="bibl">1.2</span>: also joined with Sup., <b class="b3">τρόπῳ ὅτῳ ἂν δύνωνται ἰσχυροτάτῳ</b> Foed. ap. <span class="bibl">Th.5.23</span>; ὅντινα ἀφανέστατον δύναιντο τρόπον <span class="bibl">Paus.10.1.5</span>: in Trag. and Att. sts. strengthd. by an antec. [[πᾶς]], but only in sg., ἅπας δὲ τραχὺς ὅ. ἂν νέον κρατῇ <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>35</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Th.8.90</span> (<b class="b3">πάντες ὅσοι</b> being commonly used in pl., not <b class="b3">πάντες οἵτινες</b>; but πᾶσιν . . ὅστις ἐρωτᾷ <span class="title">IG</span>12.410). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> referring to a definite object, prop. only when a general notion is implied, <b class="b3">Πολυκράτεα... δι' ὅντινα κακῶς ἤκουσε</b>, not [[the man through whom]], but [[one through whom]]... <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.120</span>; <b class="b3">τελευταῖόν σε προσβλέψαιμι νῦν, ὅστις πέφασμαι φύς τ' ἀφ' ὧν οὐ χρῆν</b> may I see thee now for the last time, I [[who am one]] born from sinful parentage, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>1184</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span> 38</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ag.</span>1065</span>; but in quite definite sense, βωμόν, ὅστις νῦν ἔξω τῆς πόλεώς ἐστι <span class="bibl">Th.6.3</span>: sts. even with [[οὗτος]] or [[ὅδε]] as antec., <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.167</span>, <span class="bibl">2.99</span>, <span class="bibl">6.47</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hipp.</span>943</span>, <span class="bibl">Theoc.8.87</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b3">ἐφ' ὅτῳ</b>, = [[ἐφ' ᾧτε]], <span class="bibl">D.S.16.4</span>; so ἐφ' ὅτῳ τε <span class="title">Delph.</span>3(2).236 (ii B. C.). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">III</span> in indirect questions, Hom., etc., εἴπ' ἄγε μοι καὶ τόνδε... ὅς τις ὅδ' ἐστί <span class="bibl">Il.3.192</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">167</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">ἔσπετε νῦν μοι, Μοῦσαι, ὅς τις δὴ κτλ</b>. [[who it was that]]... <span class="bibl">14.509</span>; ξεῖνος ὅδ', οὐκ οἶδ' ὅς τις <span class="bibl">Od.8.28</span>: in dialogue, when the person questioned repeats the question asked by [[τίς]], as οὗτος τί ποιεῖς;—ὅ τι ποιῶ <b class="b2">;</b> <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ra.</span>198</span>; <b class="b3">ἀλλὰ τίς γὰρ εἶ;—ὅστις</b><b class="b2">;</b> πολίτης χρηστός <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ach.</span>595</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Pl.</span>462</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Euthphr.</span>2c</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> rare and late in direct questions, ὅ τι ἐστὶ τὸ ἐμποδίζον <b class="b2">;</b> <span class="bibl">A.D.<span class="title">Adv.</span>140.12</span>; <b class="b3">ἀνθ' ὅτου</b> . . <b class="b2">;</b> = <b class="b2">why?</b> <span class="bibl">Jul.<span class="title">Ep.</span>82p.109B.</span>-C.; cf. [[ὅπως]]. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">IV</span> limited or made more indefinite by the addition of Particles: </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">1</span> <b class="b3">ὅστις γε</b> [[being one who]] (cf. [[ὅσγε]]), <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>1335</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">OC</span>810</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ra.</span>1184</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b3">ὅστις δή</b> (v. [[δή]] IV. <span class="bibl">1</span>), freq. used without any distinct relative force, <b class="b3">θεῶν ὅτεῳ δή</b> [[to some one or other]] of the gods, <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.86</span>; ὅτευ δὴ χρήματος δεησόμενον <span class="bibl">Id.3.121</span>; ᾗ τινι δὴ γνώμῃ <span class="bibl">Th.8.87</span>, etc.; also ὅ τι δήκοτε πρήξοντα <span class="bibl">Hdt.6.134</span>; ὅστις δήποτ' ὤν <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phdr.</span>273c</span>; ὡς ἀπετύγχαν' ὁτουδήποτε <span class="bibl">D.19.167</span>; ὁτῳδήτινι τρόπῳ <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PFay.</span>21.11</span> (ii A. D.); so </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">b</span> <b class="b3">ὁστισοῦν, ὁτιοῦν</b> <b class="b2">anybody (anything) whatsoever</b>, <span class="bibl">Th.4.16</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl. <span class="title">Smp.</span>198b</span>, etc.; μετὰ ὁτουοῦν τρόπου <span class="bibl">Th.8.27</span>; ὁτῳοῦν <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Tht.</span>175a</span>; <b class="b3">εἷς ὁστισοῦν</b> [[any]] one [[person]], <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Pol.</span>1286a31</span>: freq. with neg., μηδ' ἂν ὁστισοῦν τυγχάνῃ ὤν <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Euthphr.</span>5e</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Phd.</span>78d</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">οὐδ' ὁτιοῦν</b> not [[the least mite]], nothing [[whatsoever]], <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Nu.</span>344</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Pl.</span>385</span>; μηδοτιοῦν <span class="bibl">Thgn.64</span>: rarely, = <b class="b2">whoever (whatever</b>), as subject of a verb, <b class="b3">ὁτιοῦν ἔτυχε τῶν ἐπὶ μέρους</b> (v.l. [[ὅτι ἄν]]) <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Mu.</span>391a22</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">c</span> ὁστισδηποτοῦν <span class="bibl">D.40.8</span>, <span class="bibl">Aeschin.1.164</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">d</span> so also [[ὅστις]] alone, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Hp.Ma.</span> 282d</span>, etc.: with neg., <b class="b3">μηδὲ οἵτινες</b> none [[at all]], <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span>1.5.9</span>; οὐδ' ἧστινος ἂν ἀσχολίας τὸ πρᾶγμα προσεδεῖτο <span class="bibl">Plb.9.14.6</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> <b class="b3">ὅστις ποτε</b> [[whoever]], <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>160</span>(lyr.), cf. <span class="bibl">Hdt.8.65</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">4</span> <b class="b3">ὅστις περ</b> (cf. [[ὅσπερ]]), mostly in neut., ὅ τι πέρ ἐστ' ὄφελος <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ec.</span>53</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>492e</span>: in masc., <span class="bibl">D.21.225</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">5</span> <b class="b3">ὅστις τε</b>, where τε is otiose as in [[ὅστε]], <span class="bibl">Il.23.43</span>, al. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">V</span> neut. <b class="b3">ὅ τι</b> used abs. as a Conj., v. [[ὅ τι]]. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">VI</span> <b class="b3">ἐξ ὅτου</b> [[from which time]], <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>345</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Tr.</span>326</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Nu.</span>528</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>8.2.16</span>, etc.; ἐξ ὅτου περ <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ach.</span>596</span>; <b class="b3">ἀπ' ὅτευ</b> [[since]]... <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.7</span>, cf. <span class="title">SIG</span>45.18 (Halic., v B. C.); so ἕως ὅτου <b class="b2">until . .</b>, Ev.Luc.13.8. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> [[from what cause]], <span class="bibl">S. <span class="title">Tr.</span>671</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Cyc.</span>639</span>.</span>