ὕδωρ: Difference between revisions

|Definition=[ῠ, v. fin.], τό, gen. [[ὕδατος]]: an Ep. dat. [[ὕδει]] in <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Op.</span>61</span>, <span class="bibl">Thgn.961</span>; later nom. <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> ὕδος <span class="bibl">Call.<span class="title">Fr.</span>475</span>; Boeot. οὕδωρ prob. in <span class="title">IG</span>7.3169 (Orchom.):—[[water]], of any kind, but in Hom. rarely of seawater without an epith., ἄνεμός τε καὶ ὕ. <span class="bibl">Od.3.300</span>, <span class="bibl">7.277</span>; but ἁλμυρὸν ὕ. <span class="bibl">9.227</span>, al., cf. <span class="bibl">Th.4.26</span>; of rivers, <b class="b3">ὕ. Αἰσήποιο, Στυγός</b>, <span class="bibl">Il.2.825</span>, <span class="bibl">8.369</span>, al.; so in Lyr. and Trag., ὕ, Ἀσώπιον <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">N.</span> 3.3</span>; ὕ. τὸ Νείλου <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Supp.</span>561</span> (lyr.): freq. in pl. (but only once in Hom., <b class="b3">ὕδατ'</b> ἀενάοντα <span class="bibl">Od.13.109</span>), <b class="b3">Καφίσια ὕδατα</b> [[the waters]] of Cephisus, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>14.1</span>; ῥυτῶν ὑδάτων <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>1599</span>; ὕδασιν τοίς Ἀχελῴου <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Fr.</span>271</span> (anap.): [[spring-water]], [[drinking-water]], οἶνον ἔμισγον καὶ ὕ. <span class="bibl">Od.1.110</span>; ἀφυσσάμεθ' ὕδωρ <span class="bibl">9.85</span>; ὕδατα καὶ . . δῖτοι <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>404a</span>; πότιμον ὕ. <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span>3.2.19</span>; <b class="b3">ὕ. πίνων</b> [[a water]]-drinker, <span class="bibl">D.6.30</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">19.46</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Eq.</span>349</span>; ὕ. δὲ πίνων οὐδὲν ἂν τέκοι σοφόν <span class="bibl">Cratin.199</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Aristopho 10.3</span>, <span class="bibl">Bato 2.9</span>, al.: <b class="b3">ὕδωρ κατὰ χειρός</b> [[water]] for washing the hands, v. [[χείρ; φέρτε χερσὶν ὕ]]. <span class="bibl">Il.9.171</span>; ὕ. ἐπὶ χεῖρας ἔχευαν <span class="bibl">3.270</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.1.146</span>, al.; λοέσσας ὕδατι λευκῷ <span class="bibl">Il.23.282</span>:—on <b class="b3">γῆν καὶ ὕδωρ αἰτεῖν</b> and [[διδόναι]], v. [[γῆ]] <span class="bibl">1.2b</span>:—a curse was invoked upon those who refused fire (i.e. the right to borrow burning embers) or water or to direct a traveller on his way, <span class="bibl">Diph.62</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Oec.</span>2.15</span>:—prov., ὅρκους ἐγὼ γυναικὸς εἰς ὕ. γράφω <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Fr.</span>811</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Men.<span class="title">Mon.</span>25</span>; ἐν ὕδατι γράφειν <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phdr.</span>276c</span>; <b class="b3">ὅταν τὸ ὕδωρ πνίγῃ, τί δεῖ ἐπιπίνειν;</b> if [[water]] chokes, what more can be done ? of a desperate case, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">EN</span>1146a35</span>, cf. ἐπιρροφέω <span class="bibl">1</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> [[rain-water]], [[rain]], ὅτε λαβρότατον χέει ὕ. Ζεύς <span class="bibl">Il.16.385</span>; ὗσαι ὕδατι λαβροτάτῳ <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.87</span>; ἐγίνετο ὕ. ἄπλετον <span class="bibl">Id.8.12</span>; πολύ <span class="bibl">Th.6.70</span>, <span class="bibl">D.59.99</span>; ὕ. ἐπιγενόμενον πολύ <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span>1.6.28</span>; τὸ ὕ. τὸ γενόμενον τῆς νυκτός <span class="bibl">Th.2.5</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Hdt.8.13</span>: more definitely, ὕδωρ ἐζ οὐρανοῦ <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span> 4.2.2</span>, <span class="bibl">Aristid.<span class="title">Or.</span>50(26).35</span> (but <b class="b3">ἐζ οὐρανοῦ</b> is a gloss in <span class="bibl">Th.2.77</span>): pl., ὕ. ὄμβρια <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>11(10).2</span>; <b class="b3">τὰ Διὸς</b>, or παρὰ τοῦ Δ., ὕ. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>761a</span>, <span class="bibl">761b</span>; τὸ ἐκ Διὸς ὕ. <span class="bibl">Thphr.<span class="title">HP</span>2.6.5</span>; <b class="b3">καινὸν ἀεὶ τὸν Δία ὕειν ὕδωρ, ὕδωρ τὸν θεὸν ποιῆσαι</b>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Nu.</span>1280</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">V.</span>261</span> (lyr.), cf. <span class="bibl">Thphr.<span class="title">Char.</span>3.4</span>: abs., ἐὰν πλείω ποιῇ ὕ. <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">CP</span>1.19.3</span>: <b class="b3">κεραύνια ὕ</b>. thunder-[[showers]], Plu.2.664f; ὕ. πολλά, συνεχέα μαλθακῶς <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Epid.</span>1.1</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> for <b class="b3">ἐν ὕδατι βρέχεσθαι</b>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.104</span>, v. [[βρέχω]]. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">4</span> in the law-courts, <b class="b3">τὸ ὕδωρ</b> was <b class="b2">the water of the water-clock</b> (κλεψύδρ), and hence [[the time it took in running out]], ἂν ἐγχωρῇ τὸ ὕδωρ <span class="bibl">D.44.45</span>; οὐχ ἱκανόν μοι τὸὕ. <span class="bibl">Id.45.47</span>; <b class="b3">ἐν τῷ ἐμῷ ὕ., ἐπὶ τοῦ ἐμοῦ ὕ</b>., in the time allowed me, <span class="bibl">Id.18.139</span>, <span class="bibl">57.61</span>; <b class="b3">οὐκ ἐνδέχεται πρὸς ταὐτὸ ὕ. εἰπεῖν</b> one cannot say (all) in one speech, <span class="bibl">Id.27.12</span>; τὸ ὕ. ἀναλῶσαι <span class="bibl">Din.2.6</span>; πρὸς ὕ. σμικρὸν διδάζαι <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Tht.</span>201b</span>; ἐν μικρῷ μέρει τοῦ παντὸς ὕ. <span class="bibl">D.29.9</span>; <b class="b3">ἐπίλαβε τὸ ὕ</b>. stop the [[water]] (which was done while the speech was interrupted by the calling of evidence and reading of documents), <span class="bibl">Id.45.8</span>; ἐγχεῖται τὸ μὲν πρῶτον ὕ. τῷ κατηγόρῳ... τὸ δὲ δεύτερον ὕ. τῷ φεύγοντι <span class="bibl">Aeschin.3.197</span>; <b class="b3">ἀποδιδόναι, παραδιδόναι τινὶ τὸ ὕ</b>., to give him the turn of speaking, <span class="bibl">Id.1.162</span>, <span class="bibl">Din.1.114</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">5</span> generally, [[liquid]], ὕδατος εἴδη τὰ τοιάδε· οἶνος, οὖρον, ὀρός <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Mete.</span>382b13</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Cord.</span>12</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> part of the constellation Aquarius, <span class="bibl">Arat.399</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> a name for the winter solstice, Paul.Al.<span class="title">A.</span>4. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">III</span> <b class="b3">Ὕδατα, τά,</b> as the name of [[places with hot]] or [[mineral waters]], <b class="b3">Ὕ. Σέζτια</b>, Lat. [[Aquae Sextiae]], <b class="b3">Ὕ. Νεαπολιτανά</b>, etc., <span class="bibl">Ptol.<span class="title">Geog.</span>2.10.8</span>, <span class="bibl">3.3.7</span>, etc. [ῠ by nature, ὕδωρ <span class="bibl">Il. 18.347</span>, al. (usu. with [[ὕ]] when not at end of line), ὕδατος <span class="bibl">16.229</span>, al., ὕδατι <span class="bibl">Od.12.363</span>, al., ὕδατ' <span class="bibl">13.109</span>, and so always in Att. (exc. sts. in dactylic verse, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ra.</span>1339</span>); Hom. freq. has [[ὕδωρ]] (always at end of line exc. in phrase Στυγὸς ὕδωρ <span class="bibl">Il.15.37</span>), also ὕδατος <span class="bibl">Il. 21.300</span>,<span class="bibl">312</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.5.475</span>, ὕδατι <span class="bibl">Il.23.282</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.22.439</span>; later Ep. admits [[ὕδωρ]] more freely, <span class="bibl">A.R.4.601</span>, so that we find ῡ in the second half of the foot in <span class="bibl"><span class="title">h.Cer.</span>381</span>, <span class="bibl">Batr.97</span>, <span class="bibl">A.R.4.290</span>, etc.; also in Alc.<span class="title">Supp.</span>11.8.] (Cf. Skt. <b class="b2">udán-</b>, gen. <b class="b2">udn-ás</b> 'water', OE. [[woeter]], O Norse <b class="b2">vatn;</b> I.-E. <b class="b2">u(e)d-</b> with suffix [[r]] alternating with [[n]] ([[ὕδ]]-[[ṇ]]-τος): cogn. with Skt. <b class="b2">u-ná-t-ti</b> (root <b class="b2">ud-</b>), 3pl. <b class="b2">u-n-d-ánti</b> 'moisten', cf. Lat. [[unda]].) </span>