κράτος: Difference between revisions

|Definition=[ᾰ], Ion. and Ep. κάρτος, εος, τό, both in Hom.; Aeol. κρέτος <span class="bibl">Alc.25</span>:—<span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> [[strength]], [[might]], in Hom. esp. of [[bodily strength]], ἔπεφνε δόλῳ, οὔ τι κράτεΐ γε <span class="bibl">Il.7.142</span>; ἔχει ἥβης ἄνθος, ὅ τε κ. ἐστὶ μέγιστον <span class="bibl">13.484</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">τὸ γὰρ αὖτε σιδήρου γε κ. ἐστίν</b> this (i.e. <b class="b3">τὸ βάψαι</b>) is what gives [[strength]] to iron, <span class="bibl">Od.9.393</span>: generally, δικαία γλῶσσ' ἔχει κ. μέγα <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Fr.</span>80</span>; μηχανῆς ἔστω κ. <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Supp.</span>207</span>; <b class="b3">κατὰ κράτος</b> with [[all one's might]] or [[strength]], πολιορκεῖσθαι <span class="bibl">Th.1.64</span>; πολεμεῖν <span class="bibl">Pl. <span class="title">Lg.</span>692d</span>; ἐξελέγχεσθαι <span class="bibl">D.34.20</span>, etc.: freq. in phrase <b class="b3">αἱρεῖν κατὰ κ</b>. take [[by storm]], <span class="bibl">Th.8.100</span>, <span class="bibl">Isoc.4.119</span>, etc.; also ἀνὰ κράτος διώκειν <span class="bibl">X. <span class="title">Cyr.</span>1.4.23</span>; ἐλαύνειν <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">An.</span>1.8.1</span>, etc.; ἀπὸ κράτους <span class="bibl">D.S.17.34</span>; <b class="b3">πρὸς ἰσχύος κράτος</b>, opp. [[λόγῳ]], <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>594</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> personified, K. Βία τε <span class="bibl">A. <span class="title">Pr.</span>12</span>; K. καὶ Δίκη <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ch.</span>244</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> [[power]], <b class="b3">τοῦ γὰρ κ. ἐστὶ μέγιστον</b>, of Zeus, <span class="bibl">Il.2.118</span>, etc.; τοῦ γὰρ κ. ἔστ' ἐνὶ οἴκῳ <span class="bibl">Od.1.359</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Il.12.214</span>; Ζηνὸς κ. <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>6.96</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>527</span> (lyr.); <b class="b3">ἐκπίπτειν κράτους</b>, of Zeus, ib. <span class="bibl">948</span>; τὸ κ. τοῦ θεοῦ <span class="bibl">LXX <span class="title">Ps.</span>61(62).11</span>, etc.: pl., ὑποχείριος κράτεσιν ἀρσένων <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Supp.</span>393</span> (lyr.), cf. <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>485</span>; esp. of political power, [[rule]], [[sovereignty]], ὁ μαιόμενος τὸ μέγα κρέτος ὀντρέψει τάχα τὰν πόλιν Alc. l.c.; τὸ κ. περιθεῖναί τινι <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.129</span>; ἐς τὸ πλῆθος φέρειν τὸ κ. <span class="bibl">Id.3.81</span>; <b class="b3">τὸ πᾶν κ. ἔχειν</b> to be all-[[powerful]], <span class="bibl">Id.7.3</span>; ἀρχὴ καὶ κ. τυραννικόν <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span> 373</span>; <b class="b3">βασιλεὺς πρῶτος ἐν κράτει Ὀδρυσῶν ἐγένετο</b> in [[real power]], <span class="bibl">Th.2.29</span>; later τὸ κ. τῶν Ῥωμαίων <span class="bibl"><span class="title">POxy.</span>41i2</span> (iii/iv A. D.): in pl., κράτη καὶ θρόνους <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>173</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">OT</span>586</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">θρόνων κράτη</b> sovereign [[power]], <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ant.</span>166</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> c. gen., [[power over]], τὸ Περσέων κ. ἔχοντα <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.69</span>; τὸ κ. εἶχε τῆς στρατιῆς <span class="bibl">Id.9.42</span>; πᾶν κ. ἔχων χθονός <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Supp.</span>425</span> (lyr.); τῶν ἄλλων δαιμόνων <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Tr.</span>949</span>; δὸς κ. τῶν σῶν δόμων <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ch.</span>480</span>; δωμάτων ἔχειν κ. <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Th.</span>871</span>; τὸ τῆς θαλάσσης κ. <span class="bibl">Th.1.143</span>; μετὰ κράτους τῆς γῆς <span class="bibl">Id.8.24</span>; <b class="b3">ὧν ἂν ᾖ τὸ κ. τῆς γῆς</b> whoever have [[possession]] of the land, <span class="bibl">Id.4.98</span>; κ. ἔχειν ἑαυτοῦ <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Plt.</span>273a</span>: pl., ἀστραπᾶν κράτη νέμων <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>201</span> (lyr.). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> of persons, [[a power]], [[an authority]], Ἀχαιῶν δίθρονον κ. <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>109</span> (lyr.), cf. <span class="bibl">619</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Th.</span>127</span> (lyr.). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">III</span> [[mastery]], [[victory]], freq. in Hom., <span class="bibl">Il.1.509</span>, <span class="bibl">6.387</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.21.280</span>; κ. ἄρνυσθαι <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span> 838</span> (lyr.); νίκη καὶ κράτη <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Supp.</span>951</span>; <b class="b3">ἀέθλων κ</b>. [[victory in]]... <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">I.</span> 8(7).4</span>; νίκη καὶ κ. τῶν δρωμένων <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">El.</span>85</span>; <b class="b3">κ. ἀριστείας</b> [[the meed]] of highest valour, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Aj.</span>443</span>; νίκη καὶ κ. πολεμίων <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>962a</span>; κ. πολέμου καὶ νίκη <span class="bibl">D.19.130</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">IV</span> Medic., in pl., [[ligaments]], <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Mul.</span> 2.167</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> = [[ταρσός]], [[back of the hand]], <span class="bibl">Poll.2.144</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">V</span> Pythag. name for [[ten]], Theol.Ar.59.—This word and its derivs. take two forms, κρατ- and καρτ-; the latter is mostly Ep., as <b class="b3">κάρτος, κάρτιστος, καρτύνω</b>, but in [[κρατερός]] and [[καρτερός]] the reverse holds, v. [[κρατερός]] fin.; <b class="b3">κρατέω, κρατύς</b> have no form <b class="b3">καρτ-.</b> (κρατ- and καρτ- from [[kṛt]]-, weak form of κρετ-, cf. <b class="b3">κρέτος, κρέσσων</b>.)</span>