νεῦρον: Difference between revisions

|Definition=τό, <span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> [[sinew]], [[tendon]], once in Hom., in pl., of the [[tendons]] at the feet, περὶ δ' ἔγχεος αἰχμῇ νεῦρα διεσχίσθη <span class="bibl">Il.16.316</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Art.</span> 11</span>, etc.; τὰ ν. οἷα ἐπιτείνεσθαι καὶ ἀνίεσθαι <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phd.</span>98c</span>; <b class="b3">ν. ἐξ ἰνῶν [γίγνεται</b>] <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ti.</span>82c</span>; <b class="b3">σάρκες καὶ ν</b>. ibid.; σύγκειταί μου τὸ σῶμα ἐξ ὀστῶν καὶ ν. <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Phd.</span>98c</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">HA</span>515a27</span>, al.: used adjectivally, ib.<span class="bibl">540a18</span> (s.v.l.). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">b</span> ν. ἔναιμον [[vein]], <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Liqu.</span>2</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Ruf. <span class="title">Onom.</span>208</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> metaph., in pl., [[nerves]], [[sinews]], <b class="b3">τὰ ν. τῆς τραγῳδίας</b>, of the lyric odes, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ra.</span>862</span>; ὑποτέτμηται τὰ ν. τῶν πραγμάτων <span class="bibl">Aeschin.3.166</span>; ἕως ἐκτέμῃ ὥσπερ ν. ἐκ τῆς ψυχῆς <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>411b</span>; <b class="b3">ἐκτ. τὰ ν. [οἴνου</b>] Plu.2.692c; also <b class="b3">πόλις ἥτις μὴ νεῦρ' ἐπὶ τοὺς ἀδικοῦντας</b> ἔχει <span class="bibl">D.19.283</span>: less freq. in sg., τὸ ν. ὑποκόπτοντες τῆς δυνάμεως <span class="bibl">J.<span class="title">BJ</span> 5.1.4</span>; χρήματα ν. πολέμου <span class="bibl">App.<span class="title">BC</span>4.99</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> [[cord made of sinew]], e. g. bowstring, <span class="bibl">Il.4.122</span>; string fastening the head of the arrow to the shaft, ib.<span class="bibl">151</span>; also δέρματα συρράπτειν νεύρῳ βοός <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Op.</span>544</span>; [[cord of a sling]], <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>3.4.17</span>, <span class="bibl">Q.S.11.112</span>; [[bowstring]], <span class="bibl">Ach.Tat.3.8</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> = [[νευρά]] <span class="bibl">3</span>, <span class="bibl">Plb.4.56.3</span>, <span class="bibl">App.<span class="title">Mith.</span>107</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> [[string]] of a lyre, <span class="title">AP</span>9.584.9, <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">DMar.</span>1.4</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">III</span> in pl., [[fibres]] of plants, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Plt.</span> 280c</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">IV</span> [[nerves]], as organs of sensation, first in Erasistr. ap. Gal.5.602; <b class="b3">ν. πρακτικά, αἰσθητικά</b>, etc., <span class="bibl">Ruf.<span class="title">Onom.</span>211</span>; <b class="b3">ν. κινητικά, προαιρετικά</b>, Gal.2.613, 739; ν. ἀκουστικόν <span class="bibl">Alex.Aphr.<span class="title">Pr.</span>1.71</span>, cf. Gal.2.831, <span class="bibl">Plot.4.3.23</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">V</span> [[penis]], <span class="bibl">Pl.Com.173.19</span>, Gal.8.442. (Cf. Skt. <b class="b2">snā´van-</b>, Avest. <b class="b2">snāvarə</b>, 'sinew', 'bond'.)</span>