ψεύδω: Difference between revisions

|Definition=<span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>389</span>, etc.: fut. <span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> ψεύσω <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">OC</span>628</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>1.5.13</span>: aor. ἔψευσα <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pers.</span>472</span>, <span class="bibl">Plb.18.11.11</span>, etc.:—Pass., fut. ψευσθήσομαι <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Tr.</span>712</span>, Gal.15.143: aor. ἐψεύσθην <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.141</span>, etc.: pf. [[ἔψευσμαι]] (v. infr.); imper. ἐψεύσθω <span class="bibl">Aeschin.1.162</span>:—[[cheat by lies]], [[beguile]], τινα <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>628</span>, etc.:—Pass., to [[be cheated]], [[deceived]], <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ch.</span>759</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">εἰ μὴ πολύ γε ἔψευσμαι</b> unless [[I am]] much [[deceived]], <span class="bibl">Antipho 3.2.1</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> c. gen., [[cheat]], [[balk]], [[disappoint]] one [[of]] a thing, ψεύσει σ' ὁδοῦ τῆσδ' ἐλπίς <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hec.</span>1031</span>; ἔψευσας φρενῶν Πέρσας <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pers.</span>472</span>; μὴ ψεῦσον Ζεῦ τῆς ἐπιούσης ἐλπίδος <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Th.</span>870</span>; πιστεύω . . μὴ ψεύσειν με . . τὰς ἐλπίδας <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>1.5.13</span>; πόλλ' ἐλπίδες ψεύδουσι καὶ λόγοι βροτούς <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Fr.</span> 650</span>:—Pass., to [[be cheated balked]], [[disappointed]], τινος [[of]] a thing, <b class="b3">ψευσθῆναι ἐλπίδος, γάμου</b>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.141</span>, <span class="bibl">5.47</span>; ἐνάρων <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>178</span>(lyr.); δείπνου <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Nu.</span>618</span> (troch.); <b class="b3">ψευσθέντες τῶν σκοπῶν</b> [[disappointed of receiving tidings]] from the scouts, <span class="bibl">Th.8.103</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> in Pass., also, to [[be deceived]], [[mistaken in]] or [[about]] a thing, <b class="b3">ἐψευσμένοι γνώμης</b> [[deceived]] in their judgement, [[mistaken]] in opinion, <span class="bibl">Hdt.8.40</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Tr.</span> 712</span> (also ψευσθῆναι γνώμῃ <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.9</span>.[[γ]]) <b class="b3">; ἐψευσμένοι τῆς Ἀθηναίων δυνάμεως</b> [[deceived]] or [[mistaken in their notions of]] the Athenian power, <span class="bibl">Th.4.108</span>; <b class="b3">πολλῶν ἐψεύσθητε τῆς οὐσίας</b> you have often [[had a mistaken idea of]] a man's wealth, <span class="bibl">Lys.19.45</span>; τούτου οὐκ ἐψεύσθην <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ap.</span>22d</span>; ἐψεῦσθαι τῆς ἀληθείας <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">R.</span>413a</span>; τῆς ὥρας <span class="bibl">And.1.38</span>; ἐψευσμένοι τῶν ὄντων <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Tht.</span>195a</span>; <b class="b3">ἐψεῦσθαι ἑαυτῶν</b>, opp. <b class="b3">εἰδέναι ἑαυτούς</b>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>4.2.26</span>; also ψευσθῆναι ἔν τισι <span class="bibl">Hdt.9.48</span>; περί τινος <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>2.6.28</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Prt.</span>358c</span>: also c. acc., ἐψεύσθη τοῦτο <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>1.8.11</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">αὐτοὺς ἐψευσμένη ἡ Ἑλλάς</b> [[deceived in its estimate of]] them, <span class="bibl">Th.6.17</span> (where [[αὐτοὺς]] is prob. corrupt, and shd. perh. be omitted): c. acc. cogn., <b class="b3">εὐτυχέστατον ψεῦσμα ἐψευσμένος</b> most happily [[deceived]] or [[mistaken]], <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Men.</span>71d</span>: more rarely in Act., <b class="b3">καί μ' ἔψευσας ἐλπίδος πολύ</b> thou hast much [[belied]] my expectation, i.e. turned out better than I feared, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>1382</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">4</span> of statements, to [[be untrue]], <b class="b3">ἡ τρίτη τῶν ὁδῶν μάλιστα ἔψευσται</b> the third mode of explanation [[is]] most [[untrue]], most [[mistaken]], <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.22</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> c. acc. rei, like [[ψευδοποιέω]] ''ΙΙ'', [[represent]] a thing [[as a lie]], [[falsify]], ψεύδοντες οὐδὲν σῆμα τῶν προκειμένων <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>1512</span> (prob. for [[σημάτων]]) <b class="b3">; ψεύδει ἡ πίνοια τὴν γνώμην</b> afterthought [[gives]] opinion [[the lie]], <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ant.</span>389</span>:— Pass., <b class="b3">ἢν τάδε ψευσθῇ λέγων</b> if his word [[prove]] (lit. <b class="b2">be proved) false</b>, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ph.</span>1342</span>; <b class="b3">ἡ ψευσθεῖσα ὑπόσχεσις</b> the promise [[broken]], <span class="bibl">Th.3.66</span>; πάντα πρὸς ὑμᾶς ἔψευσται [[have been falsely reported]], <span class="bibl">D.52.23</span>; in <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Andr.</span>346</span> for <b class="b3">ἀλλὰ ψεύσεται</b> [[it will be falsely said]], Porson's correction [[ἐψεύσεται]] is probable ([[πεύσεται]] Kiehl). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">B</span> earlier and more common ψεύδομαι, imper. ψεύδεο <span class="bibl">Il.4.404</span> (the Act. is very rare in Att. Prose): fut. ψεύσομαι Hom., Pi., Att.: aor [[ἐψευσάμην]], v. infr.: fut. 2 [[ἐψεύσομαι]] ([[will have made a false statement]]) Gal.15.137(s. v.l.): pf. ἔψευσμαι <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>1.3.10</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">I</span> abs., [[lie]], [[speak false]], [[play false]], ψεύσομαι ἦ ἔτυμον ἐρέω; <span class="bibl">Il.10.534</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.4.140</span>; οὐκ οἶδα ψεύδεσθαι <span class="bibl"><span class="title">h.Merc.</span>369</span>; οὐ ψεύσομ' ἀμφὶ Κορίνθῳ <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>13.52</span>; περί τινος <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Prt.</span>347a</span>; <b class="b3">ψ. κατά τινος</b>, opp. <b class="b3">λέγειν τἀληθῆ κατά τινος</b>, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Euthd.</span>284a</span>, <span class="bibl">Lys.22.7</span>; ψ. πρός τινα <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>1.3.5</span>; ψ. τινι <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Act.Ap.</span> 5.4</span> and εἴς τινα <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ep.Col.</span>3.9</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> c. inf., [[say falsely]], [[pretend]] that... Plu.2.506d. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> c. acc. rei, [[say that which is untrue]], whether intentionally or not, τοῦτό γ' οὐκ ἐψεύσατο <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ec.</span>445</span>; οὐδὲν αὐτῶν ψεύδεται <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ach.</span>561</span>; κἂν λάβῃς ἐψευσμένον, φάσκειν ἔμ' ἤδη μαντικῇ μηδὲν φρονεῖν <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>461</span>; ἐάν τι μὴ ἀληθὲς λέγω... εἰπὲ ὅτι τοῦτο ψεύδομαι· ἑκὼν γὰρ εἶναι οὐδὲν ψεύσομαι <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Smp.</span>214e</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>4.2.19</span>; περὶ ὧν ἔψευσται διδάσκειν ὑμᾶς <span class="bibl">Lys.3.21</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">4</span> to [[be false]] or [[faithless]], to [[be perjured]] or [[forsworn]], <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Op.</span>283</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">5</span> <b class="b3">ὁ ψευδόμενος</b>, the [[Liar]], name of a fallacy or logical puzzle invented by Eubulides, a disciple of Euclides of Megara, Thphr. ap. <span class="bibl">D.L.2.108</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Chrysipp.Stoic.2.92</span> ([[ψευδόμενος]] is an interpolation in ὁ σοφιστικὸς λόγος ψ. <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">EN</span>1146a22</span>). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> like Act. ''ΙΙ'', [[belie]], [[falsify]], <b class="b3">ὅρκια ψεύσασθαι</b> [[break]] them, <span class="bibl">Il.7.352</span>; so συνθήκας ψ. <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Ages.</span>1.12</span>; γάμους <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ba.</span> 31</span>,<span class="bibl">245</span>; so in plpf., ἔψευστο τὴν ξυμμαχίαν <span class="bibl">Th.5.83</span>; so also <b class="b3">οὐκ ἐψεύσαντο τὰς ἀπειλάς</b> [[they did]] not [[belie]], i.e. they made good, their threats, <span class="bibl">Hdt.6.32</span>; <b class="b3">τὰ χρήματα . . ἐψευσμένοι ἦσαν</b> [[had broken their word]] about the money, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>5.6.35</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">III</span> like Act. ''1'', [[deceive by lies]], [[cheat]], Αοξίαν ἐψευσάμην <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>1208</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span>3.1.25</span>; also <b class="b3">ψ. τινά τι</b> [[deceive]] one [[in]] a thing, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>1145</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Alc.</span>808</span>; <b class="b3">ἅπερ αὐτὸν οὐ ψεύσομαι</b> and therein I [[will]] not [[disappoint]] him (ironical), i.e. I will carry out my threat, <span class="bibl">And.1.123</span>; <b class="b3">τῶν ἔργων ὧν ἂν τὸν ἐκδόντα ψεύσηται</b> ([[ὧν]] being in gen. by attraction) <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>921a</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">IV</span> of combinations of words, [[make a false statement]], <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Int.</span>16a3</span>.</span>