ἐλαύνω: Difference between revisions

|Definition=<span class="bibl">Il.12.62</span>, etc.: Ion. impf. [[ἐλαύνεσκον]] (ἀπ-) <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.119</span>: fut. <b class="b3">ἐλάσω [ᾰ</b>], part. <span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> ἐλάσοντας <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>7.7.55</span> codd., cf.<span class="bibl">D.H.2.36</span>, (ἐξ-) <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Loc.Hom.</span>46</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Nat.Mul.</span>32</span> ([[ἐλάσσω]] (παρ-) is f.l. in <span class="bibl">Il.23.427</span>, and [[ξυνελάσσομεν]] is subj. in <span class="bibl">Od.18.39</span>); ἐλάω <span class="bibl">A.R.3.411</span>; Att. <b class="b3">ἐλῶ, ᾷς, ᾷ</b>, inf. [[ἐλᾶν]], also <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.207</span>, etc., and so Hom. in the resolved form ἐλόω <span class="bibl">Il.13.315</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.7.319</span>: inf. [[ἐλάαν]] (though this is also inf. pres., v. infr.) <span class="bibl">Il.17.496</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.5.290</span>: aor. 1 [[ἤλᾰσα]], Ep. ἔλᾰσα <span class="bibl">Il.5.80</span>, ἔλασσα <span class="bibl">18.564</span>, Ion. 3sg. ἐλάσασκεν <span class="bibl">2.199</span>: pf. [[ἐλήλᾰκα]] (ἀπ-, ἐξ-) <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>4.2.10</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Nu.</span>828</span>: plpf. [[ἐληλάκειν]] (ἐξ-) <span class="bibl">Hdt.5.90</span>:— Med. (v. infr. <span class="bibl">1.2</span>), fut. [[ἐλάσομαι]] (παρ-) dub. l. in <span class="bibl">Arr.<span class="title">An.</span>3.30.3</span>: aor. ἠλασάμην <span class="bibl">Il.11.682</span>, rare in Att., as <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Grg.</span>484b</span>; 3sg. ἤλσατο Ibyc.55; Ep. <b class="b3">ἐλάσαιο, -ασαίατο, -ασσάμενος</b>, <span class="bibl">Od.20.51</span>, <span class="bibl">Il.10.537</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.4.637</span>:—Pass., fut. [[ἐλασθήσομαι]] (ἐξ-) <span class="bibl">D.H.4.9</span>: aor. <b class="b3">ἠλάθην</b> [ᾰ] <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Heracl.</span>430</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ec.</span>4</span>; later ἠλάσθην <span class="title">AP</span>7.278 (Arch.), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Sammelb.</span>997</span> (iv A.D.), (ἐξ-, συν-) <span class="bibl">Plb.8.24.9</span>, <span class="bibl">18.22.6</span>, etc. (in Hdt. the Mss. vary between the two forms, ἐξελαθείς <span class="bibl">7.165</span>, ἀπηλάσθησαν <span class="bibl">3.54</span>): pf. ἐλήλαμαι <span class="bibl">Od.7.113</span>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.84</span> (ἐξ-), etc.; ἐλήλασμαι <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Mul.</span> 2.133</span>, <span class="bibl">Aen.Tact.31.4</span> (prob.), (ἐξ-) <span class="bibl">Plb.6.22.4</span>, (συν-) <span class="bibl">A.D.<span class="title">Conj.</span>233.30</span>: plpf. ἠλήλατο <span class="bibl">Il.5.400</span>; poet. also ἐλήλατο <span class="bibl">4.135</span>; 3pl. ἠλήλαντο <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Sc.</span>143</span>, also <b class="b3">ἐληλέδατ', ἐληλέατ', ἐληλάδατ'</b> vv.ll. in <span class="bibl">Od.7.86</span>.— The pres. ἐλάω is rare and mainly Poet., imper. ἔλα <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">I.</span>5(4).38</span>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Fr.</span> 332</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">HF</span>819</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Fr.</span>779.1</span> (also non-thematic 3pl. ἐλάντω <span class="title">SIG</span>1025.8 (Cos)): inf. ἐλᾶν <span class="bibl">Canthar.4</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span>2.4.32</span>: inf. [[ἐλάαν]] as Ep.inf.pres. is freq. in Hom. (v. infr.<span class="bibl">1.2</span>): part. ἐλάουσα <span class="bibl">Emp.4.5</span>: impf. 3pl. ἔλων <span class="bibl">Od.4.2</span>, 3sg. ἔλαεν <span class="bibl">A.R.3.872</span>; ἀπ-έλα <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>8.3.32</span>; but <b class="b3">ἀπ-ήλαον</b> in <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Lys.</span>1001</span> is prob. an error for <b class="b3">-ήλα'αν</b>, Dor. for <b class="b3">-ήλασαν</b>:—radic. sense, [[drive]], [[set in motion]], of driving flocks, εἰς εὐρὺ σπέος ἤλασε μῆλα <span class="bibl">Od.9.237</span>; κακοὺς δ' ἐς μέσσον ἔλασσεν <span class="bibl">Il.4.299</span>; aor. Med. [[ἠλασάμην]] in act. sense, <span class="bibl">10.537</span>, <span class="bibl">11.682</span>: freq. of horses, chariots, ships, [[drive]], [[ἐλάαν]] (inf. pres.) ἅρμα καὶ ἵππους <span class="bibl">23.334</span>; ἐς τὴν ἀγορὴν τὸ ζεῦγος <span class="bibl">Hdt. 1.59</span>; <b class="b3">ἐ. ἵππον</b> [[ride]] it, <span class="bibl">Id.4.64</span>, al.; <b class="b3">κέλητας καὶ ἅρματα ἐ</b>. [[ride]] and [[drive]], <span class="bibl">Id.7.86</span>; <b class="b3">ἐ. νῆα</b> [[row]] it, <span class="bibl">Od.12.109</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">στρατὸν ἐ</b>. <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>10(11).66</span>, <span class="bibl">Hdt. 1.176</span>, <span class="bibl">4.91</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">b</span> with acc. omitted, intr., [[go in a chariot]], [[drive]], <b class="b3">μάστιξεν δ' ἐλάαν</b> (sc. [[ἵππους]]) he whipped them [[on]], <span class="bibl">Il.5.366</span>, al., cf. <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">El.</span>734</span>,<span class="bibl">739</span>; <b class="b3">βῆ δ' ἐλάαν ἐπὶ κύματα</b> he [[drove on]] over the waves, <span class="bibl">Il. 13.27</span>; <b class="b3">διὰ νύκτα ἐλάαν</b> [[travel]] the night through, <span class="bibl">Od.15.50</span>; <b class="b3">ἐς τὸ ἄστυ ἐ</b>. [[drive]] into the city, <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.60</span>; <b class="b3">ἐπὶ ζευγέων ἐ</b>. ib.<span class="bibl">199</span>; [[ride]], <span class="bibl">Id.7.88</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Eq.Mag.</span>3.9</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">ἐλῶν ἐς Θρηΐκην</b> [[marching]]... <span class="bibl">Hdt.9.89</span>, etc.; [[row]], μάλα σφοδρῶς ἐλάαν <span class="bibl">Od.12.124</span>; [[ἐλαύνοντες]] [[rowers]], <span class="bibl">13.22</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">c</span> in this intr. sense, it sts. took an acc. loci, <b class="b3">γαλήνην ἐλαύνειν</b> [[to sail]] the calm sea, i.e. over it, <span class="bibl">7.319</span>; so <b class="b3">τὰ ἕσπερα νῶτ' ἐ</b>. <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">El.</span> 731</span> (lyr.); also <b class="b3">ἐλαύνειν δρόμον</b> [[run]] a course, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Nu.</span>28</span>; ὁδόν <span class="bibl">D.P. 586</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">d</span> Pass., [<b class="b3">νηῦς] ἐλαυνομένη</b> a ship [[under way]], <span class="bibl">Od.13.155</span> (but πλοῖα ὑπὸ σκληρῶν ἀνέμων ἐλαυνόμενα <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ep.Jac.</span>3.4</span>); <b class="b3">τὰ κατάντη ἐλαύνεσθαι</b>, of horses, to [[be ridden]] on steep ground, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Eq.Mag.</span>8.3</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> [[drive away]], [[carry off]], in Hom. of stolen cattle or horses, βοῶν ἀρίστας <span class="bibl">Od.12.353</span>; ἵππους <span class="bibl">Il.5.236</span>; ἐ. ὅ τι δύναιντο <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span>4.8.18</span>:—Med., <span class="bibl">Od.4.637</span>, <span class="bibl">20.51</span>; ῥύσι' ἐλαυνόμενος <span class="bibl">Il.11.674</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> [[drive away]], [[expel]], ἐ. [τινὰ] ἐκ δήμου <span class="bibl">6.158</span>; ἄνδρας ἀπ' Οἰνώνας <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">N.</span>5.16</span>: freq. in Trag., ἐ. τινὰ γῆς <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Med.</span>70</span>; <b class="b3">μύσος, μίασμα ἐ</b>., <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ch.</span>967</span> codd., <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Eu.</span> 283</span> (Pass.), cf. <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>98</span>; <b class="b3">ἄγος ἐ</b>.,= [[ἀγηλατέω]], <span class="bibl">Th.1.126</span>; ἐ. λῃστάς <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ach.</span>1188</span>, etc.:—Pass., γῆν πρὸ γῆς ἐλαύνομαι <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>682</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">4</span> [[drive]] (to extremities), [[persecute]], [[plague]], <b class="b3">οἵ μιν ἄδην ἐλόωσι . . πολέμοιο</b> who will [[harass]] him till he has had enough of war, <span class="bibl">Il.13.315</span>; <b class="b3">ἔτι μέν μίν φημι ἄδην λάαν κακότητος</b> I think I [[shall persecute]] him till he has had enough, <span class="bibl">Od.5.290</span>; θεὸς ἐλαύνει πόλιν <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>28</span>; Ἰωνίαν ἤλασεν βίᾳ <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pers.</span>771</span>; μή τι δαιμόνιον τὰ πράγματα ἐλαύνῃ <span class="bibl">D.9.54</span>; σὺ δ' ἀπειλεῖς πᾶσιν, ἐλαύνεις πάντας <span class="bibl">Id.21.135</span>, cf. 173:—Pass., ἐλαυνομένων καὶ ὑβριζομένων <span class="bibl">Id.18.48</span>; λύπῃ πᾶς ἐλήλαται κακῇ <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>275</span>; κακοῖς πρός τινος <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Andr.</span>31</span>; ὑπ' ἀνάγκης καὶ οἴστρου <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phdr.</span>240d</span>; τὴν ψυχὴν ἐρωτικῇ μανίᾳ <span class="bibl">Ael.<span class="title">NA</span>14.18</span>; <b class="b3">ἐλαύνεσθαι τὴν γνώμην</b> <b class="b2">to be out of one's</b> mind, <span class="bibl">Philostr.<span class="title">VS</span>2.27.5</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">5</span> = [[βινέω]], <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ec.</span>39</span>, Pl. Com.3.4. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">6</span> intr. in expressions like [[ἐς τοσοῦτον ἤλασαν]] they [[drove it]] so far (where [[πρᾶγμα]] must be supplied), <span class="bibl">Hdt.5.50</span>; ἐς πᾶσαν κακότητα <span class="bibl">Id.2.124</span>; <b class="b3">εἰς κόρον ἐλαύνειν</b> [[push matters]] till disgust ensued, <span class="bibl">Tyrt.11.10</span>; <b class="b3">εἰς ἴσον</b> (sc. [[τισί]]) Onos.<span class="title">Praef.</span>4: hence, [[push on]], [[go on]], ἐγγὺς μανιῶν <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Heracl.</span>904</span> (lyr.); <b class="b3">ἔξω τοῦ φρονεῖν</b> Id.<b class="b2">*ba</b>.<span class="bibl">853</span>; <b class="b3">πόρρω ἐ. σοφίας</b> [[go]] far in... <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Euthphr.</span>4b</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Grg.</span>486a</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>1.6.39</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> [[strike]], ἐλάτῃσιν πόντον ἐλαύνοντες <span class="bibl">Il.7.6</span>; κιθάραν πλήκτρῳ <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">HF</span>351</span> (lyr.). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> [[strike]] with a weapon, but never with a missile, τὸν σκήπτρῳ ἐλάσασκεν <span class="bibl">Il.2.199</span>; ξίφει ἤλασε κόρσην <span class="bibl">5.584</span>; κόρυθος φάλον ἤλασεν <span class="bibl">13.614</span>; <b class="b3">ὀδόντας ἐ</b>. [[knock out]], <span class="bibl">A.R.2.785</span>: c. dupl. acc., <b class="b3">τὸν μὲν . . μεταδρομάδην ἔλασ' ὦμον</b> him he [[struck]] on... <span class="bibl">Il. 5.80</span>; <b class="b3">χθόνα δ' ἤλασε παντὶ μετώπῳ</b> [[struck]] earth with his forehead, of a falling man, <span class="bibl">Od.22.94</span>: c. acc. cogn., [[inflict]] a wound, οὐλὴν τήν ποτέ με σῦς ἤλασε <span class="bibl">21.219</span>:—Pass., c. acc. νῶτον ὄπισθ' αἰχμῇ δουρὸς ἐληλαμένος <span class="bibl">Tyrt.11.20</span>; ἐλαύνεται εἰς τὸν μηρόν <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">Tox.</span>61</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> [[strike]] one thing against another, πρὸς γῆν ἐ. κάρη <span class="bibl">Od.17.237</span>; of weapons, [[drive through]], διαπρὸ χαλκὸν ἔλασσε <span class="bibl">22.295</span>; [δόρυ] διὰ στήθεσφιν ἔλασσε <span class="bibl">Il.5.57</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">20.269</span>; ἤλασε Λυγκέος ἐν πλευραῖσι χαλκόν <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">N.</span>10.70</span>:—Pass., [[go through]], <span class="bibl">Il.4.135</span>, <span class="bibl">13.595</span>; to [[be fixed in]], ὀϊστὸς ὤμῳ ἐνὶ στιβαρῷ ἠλήλατο <span class="bibl">5.400</span>; διὰ [σφονδύλου] διαμπερὲς ἐληλάσθαι <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>616e</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">III</span> metaph., </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">1</span> [[beat out]] metal, [[forge]], ἀσπίδα . . ἣν ἄρα χαλκεὺς ἤλασεν <span class="bibl">Il.12.296</span>; <b class="b3">πέντε πτύχας ἤλασε</b> [[beat out]] five plates, <span class="bibl">20.270</span>; <b class="b3">περὶ δ' ἕρκος ἔλασσε κασσιτέρου</b> [[make]] a fence [[of beaten]] tin (with a play on signf. <span class="bibl">2</span>), <span class="bibl">18.564</span>; <b class="b3">εὐνὴ Ἡφαίστου χερσὶν ἐληλαμένη χρυσοῦ</b> a bed of [[beaten]] gold, <span class="bibl">Mimn.12.6</span>; <b class="b3">σίδηρος λεπτῶς ἐληλ</b>. <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Cam.</span>41</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> [[draw a line of]] wall, trench, etc., ἀμφὶ δὲ τάφρον ἤλασαν <span class="bibl">Il.7.450</span>; ἀμφὶ δὲ τεῖχος ἔλασσε πόλει <span class="bibl">Od.6.9</span>; σταυροὺς δ' ἐκτὸς ἔλασσε <span class="bibl">14.11</span>; τοῖχοι ἐληλέατ' <span class="bibl">7.86</span>; <b class="b3">τεῖχος τοὺς ἀγκῶνας ἐς τὸν ποταμὸν ἐλήλαται</b> the wall [[has its]] angles [[carried down]] to the river, <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.180</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">185</span>,<span class="bibl">191</span>; <b class="b3">ἐληλαμέναι πέρι πύργον</b> [[having]] a wall [[built]] round, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pers.</span>872</span> (lyr.); <b class="b3">ὄγμον ἐλαύνειν</b> [[work one's way]] down a ridge or swathe in reaping or mowing, <span class="bibl">Il.11.68</span>; ἐ. αὔλακα <span class="bibl">Hes. <span class="title">Op.</span>443</span>; <b class="b3">ἀμπελίδος ὄρχον ἐ</b>. [[to draw]] a line of vines, i.e. [[plant]] them [[in line]], <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ach.</span>995</span>: generally, [[plant]], [[produce]], ἐλᾷ τέσσαρας ἀρετὰς αἰών <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">N.</span>3.74</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> <b class="b3">κολῳὸν ἐλαύνειν</b> [[prolong]], [[keep up]] the brawl, <span class="bibl">Il. 1.575</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">4</span> ἐξ ὄσσων ἐς γαῖαν ἐ. δάκρυ <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Supp.</span>96</span>.</span>