ὁδός: Difference between revisions

|etymtx=1.<br />Grammatical information: f. (on the fem. gender Schwyzer-Debrunner 34).<br />Meaning: <b class="b2">going, road, street, ride, journey, march</b> (Il.), metaph. [[way out]], [[means]] (Pi., IA.).<br />Compounds: Many compp., e.g. <b class="b3">ὁδο-ποιέω</b> <b class="b2">to open a path, to make one's way</b> (Att.) with <b class="b3">-ποιία</b> f. [[road construction]] (X.), <b class="b3">-ποιός</b> m. [[roadworker]] (X., Aeschin., Arist.); <b class="b3">ὁδοι-πόρος</b> m. [[wayfarer]], [[wanderer]] (Ω 375, trag., com.) with <b class="b3">-πορία</b>, <b class="b3">-ίη</b> <b class="b2">journey (on land)</b> (h. Merc. 85, Hp., Hdt., X.), <b class="b3">-πορέω</b> <b class="b2">to cover a distance, to travel, to journey (through)</b> (ion., trag.); <b class="b3">ὁδοι-δόκος</b> m. [[bushranger]] (Plb.; Wackernagel Unt. 26); on the 1 member with retained locatival inlection to avoid a sequence of three shorts Schwyzer 239 a. 452 w. n. 5, Schw.-Debrunner 155. -- As 2. member e.g. in <b class="b3">εὔ-οδος</b> [[well-roaded]] with <b class="b3">εὑοδ-ία</b>, <b class="b3">-έω</b>, <b class="b3">-όω</b> (Att.), also in <b class="b3">εἴσ-</b>, <b class="b3">ἔξ-</b>, <b class="b3">μέθ-</b>, <b class="b3">σύν-οδος</b> etc. <b class="b2">entrance etc.</b> (since κ 90) replacing lacking verbal nouns of <b class="b3">εἰσ-ιέναι</b> (<b class="b3">*εἴσ-ι-σι-ς</b> : Skt. <b class="b2">-i-ti-</b>) etc. (Schwyzer-Debrunner 356 n. 2 w. lit., Porzig Satzinhalte 201).<br />Derivatives: 1. [[ὅδιος]] (<b class="b3">ἐν-</b>, <b class="b3">παρ-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐφ-</b> a.o.) [[affiliated with the road]] (Il.); 2. <b class="b3">τὰ ὁδαῖα</b> n. pl. <b class="b2">goods, in which one trades on the way</b> (θ 163, ο 445; cf. [[ὁδάω]] below); 3. <b class="b3">-οδικός</b> a.o. in <b class="b3">μεθοδ-ικός</b> [[methodical]], [[systematic]] (hell.); 4. [[ὁδωτός]] [[equipped with]], [[passable]], [[doable]] (S. OK 495; cf. [[ὁδόω]]); 5. [[ὁδίτης]] (<b class="b3">παρ-</b> a. o.) m. [[traveler]], [[wayfarer]] (Il.; extens. Redard 31ff. w. lit.); 6. [[ὅδισμα]] n. [[road construction]] (A. Pers. 71 [lyr.]; as if from <b class="b3">*ὁδίζω</b> after [[τείχισμα]] a.o.). Denominative verbs: 7. [[ὁδεύω]], very often with prefix, e.g. <b class="b3">δι-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐξ-</b>, <b class="b3">μεθ-</b>, <b class="b3">παρ-</b>, <b class="b3">συν-</b> (partly from <b class="b3">δί-οδος</b> etc.) <b class="b2">to travel by road, to travel, to wander</b> (since Λ 569) with (-)[[ὅδευσις]] (IA.) a.o.; 8. [[ὁδόω]] <b class="b2">to show the way, to lead</b> (Hdt., A., E.); 9. [[ὁδάω]] (<b class="b3">ἐξ-</b>) [[to sell]] (E. Kyk.); <b class="b3">ὁδεῖν πωλεῖν</b> H.<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [887] <b class="b2">*sod-</b> [[course]]<br />Etymology: With [[ὁδός]] agrees a Slavic word for <b class="b2">course etc.</b>, e.g. OCS [[chodъ]] m. [[βάδισμα]], [[δρόμος]]', Russ. <b class="b2">chód</b> [[course]], [[progress]], which like [[ὁδός]] very often occurs with prefix and may have its initial (<b class="b2">ch-</b> for <b class="b2">s-</b>) exactly from prefixcompp. (<b class="b2">pri-</b>, <b class="b2">u-</b>, <b class="b2">per-</b>). These compp. justify also the furher connexion with Indo-Iran. verbs like Skt. <b class="b2">ā-sad-</b> [[tread on]], [[go on]], Av. <b class="b2">apa-had-</b> [[go away]], [[become weak]], so also with the verb for [[sit]], [[sit down]] in [[ἕζομαι]] a.o. (s. v.), IE <b class="b2">*sed-</b>, to which as verbal noun, prob. fist with prefix, <b class="b2">*sodó-s</b> > [[ὁδός]], OCS [[chodъ]]. -- Details w. lit. in WP. 2, 486, Pok. 887, W.-Hofmann s. 2. [[cēdō]], Vasmer s. <b class="b2">chód</b>; cf. Porzig Satzinhalte 306 f., Gliederung 170.