σῴζω: Difference between revisions

|Definition=with ι wherever ζ follows ω, as [[σῴζω]], <span class="bibl"><span class="title">EM</span>741.27</span>, and so (written <b class="b3">σωιζ-</b>) in Inscrr. and Papyri down to iii B.C., e.g. <span class="title">IG</span>12.625.4, 22.687.35, 1611.378, <span class="bibl">Isyll.75</span> (lapis), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PCair.Zen.</span>482.17</span>, <span class="bibl">532.23</span> (iii B.C.), <span class="title">Test.Epict.</span> 1.6 (iii/ii B.C.), (ἀνα-) <span class="title">IG</span>22.492.13, also in cod. Laur. of <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">El.</span>993</span>, al., but otherwise without it, e.g. <span class="sense"><span class="bld">A</span> ἔσωσε <span class="title">IG</span>9(2).257.11 (Thess., v B.C.); but Didym. (and many Hellenistic and later Inscrr. and Papyri) rejected the ι everywhere, v. <span class="title">EM</span>l.c., and on the other hand Inscrr. show <b class="b3">σῳσ-</b> (always written <b class="b3">σωισ-</b>) from v B.C., ἔσῳσεν <span class="title">IG</span>12.1085.5, 22.1236.6, συνδιασῴσαντες <span class="title">GDI</span>1612.9 (Dyme, iii B.C.), [[σῴσαι]] (3sg. opt.) <span class="title">IG</span>5(2).357.152 (Stymphalus, iii B.C.), διέσῳσαν <span class="title">OGI</span>56.18 (Canopus, iii B.C.), cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PPetr.</span>3p.72</span> (iii B.C.); <b class="b3">σοζ[</b>, i.e. <b class="b3">σωζ[</b>, occurs in <span class="title">IG</span>12.590: fut. σώσω <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>1391</span>, <span class="bibl">Th.1.137</span>, etc.; early Att. σωῶ <span class="title">IG</span>12.188.30: pf. [[σέσωκα]], also [[σέσῳκα]], v. [[ἀνασῴζω]]:— Med., fut. σώσομαι <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ba.</span>793</span>, (ἐκ-) <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pers.</span>360</span>, (δια-) <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>4.2.28</span>: aor. ἐσωσάμην <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ec.</span>402</span>:—Pass., fut. σωθήσομαι <span class="bibl">Th.5.111</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Nu.</span>77</span>, <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Prog.</span>1</span>, etc.: aor. ἐσώθην <span class="bibl">Th.1.110</span>, al., <span class="title">SIG</span>167.37 (Mylasa, iv B.C.) ([[ἐσώσθην]] only in Hsch.): pf. σέσωσμαι A.<span class="title">Th.</span> [<span class="bibl">821</span> (<span class="bibl">820</span>) ], σέσωσται <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">IT</span>607</span>, <span class="bibl">D.56.33</span>, σεσώσμεθα <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Tr.</span>83</span>, etc.; but σέσωται <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Criti.</span>109d</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">110a</span>, σεσωμένος <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PCair.Zen.</span>331.8</span> (iii B.C.); said to be Att. by Phot.; [[διασεσῳμένους]] is found in <span class="title">IG</span>22.435.11 (after 336 B.C.) and [[διασεσῳμένοι]] in <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PCair.Zen.</span>240.11</span> (iii B.C.); later σέσῳσται <span class="title">IG</span>12(7).386.25 (Amorgos, iii B.C.).--The foll. forms are found in Hom. and dialects, </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">1</span> pres. part. σώζων <span class="bibl">Od.5.490</span>; 3sg. ind. or opt. [[σώζει]] (-οι) <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Op.</span>376</span> (v.l. for [[εἴη]]): pres. part. Pass. [[σωζόμενοι]] (-ομένοισι) <span class="bibl">Thgn.68</span>,<span class="bibl">235</span> (s.v.l.). </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> from σᾰόω, 3sg. σαοῖ <span class="bibl">Thgn. 868</span>, <span class="bibl">Call.<span class="title">Del.</span>22</span>, etc.; 3pl. σαοῦσι <span class="bibl">Tyrt.11.13</span>; 2sg. imper. σάου <span class="bibl"><span class="title">h.Hom.</span>13.3</span>, <span class="bibl">Call.<span class="title">Epigr.</span>35</span> (as v.l.), etc.: fut. σαώσω <span class="bibl">Il.10.44</span>: aor. ἐσάωσα <span class="bibl">21.611</span>, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">Fr.</span>231</span>: aor. inf. Pass. σαωθῆναι <span class="bibl">Il.15.503</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.10.473</span>; imper. σαωθήτω <span class="bibl">Il.17.228</span>; Ep. 3pl. ἐσάωθεν <span class="bibl">Od.3.185</span>: fut. Med. σαώσομαι <span class="bibl">21.309</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> from σάωμι, Aeol. 2sg. σάως <span class="bibl">Alc.73</span> (fort. [[σάῳς]]); 2sg. imper. σάω <span class="bibl">Od.13.230</span>, <span class="bibl">17.595</span>, Call. l.c., etc.: [[σάω]] as 3sg.impf., <span class="bibl">Il.16.363</span>, <span class="bibl">21.238</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">4</span> from σώω, part. σώοντες <span class="bibl">Od.9.430</span>; Ion. impf. σώεσκον <span class="bibl">Il.8.363</span>; <b class="b3">σώετε, σώεσθαι</b>, <span class="bibl">A.R.4.197</span>, <span class="bibl">2.610</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">5</span> from σόω, subj. <b class="b3">σόῃς, -ῃ, -ωσι</b>, <span class="bibl">Il.9.681</span>,<span class="bibl">424</span>,<span class="bibl">393</span> vulg., where Tyrannio ap.Hdn.Gr.<span class="bibl">2.66</span> reads <b class="b3">σοῷς, σοῷ, σοῶσι</b>; in <span class="bibl">9.681</span> Aristarch. read both [[σαῷς]] and [[σοῷς]]; the forms <b class="b3">σοῷς, σοῷ</b> perh. arise from [[σαόω]], by contraction and 'distraction': but [[σόωσι]] from [[σώωσι]] acc. to Hdn.Gr.l.c.; Hsch. cites also <b class="b3">σόεις, σοῦται</b> as = [[σώζεις, σώζεται]]. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">6</span> Lacon. σωάδδει· [[παρατηρεῖ]], Hsch.: but also σχολι-σοΐδδω, aor. <b class="b3">ἀπέσοιξεν· ἀπέσωσεν, Λάκωνες</b>, Id. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">7</span> [[σωννύω]], <span class="bibl">Dinol.5</span>:—[[save]], [[keep]], </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">1</span> of persons, [[save from death]], [[keep alive]], σώοντες ἑταίρους <span class="bibl">Od.9.430</span>; ζωοὺς σάω <span class="bibl">Il.21.238</span>; ὄτ' ἄσφ' ἀπολλυμένοις σάως <span class="bibl">Alc.73</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Th.1.91</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>3.1.38</span>; πόδες καὶ γοῦνα σ. τινά <span class="bibl">Il.21.611</span>; <b class="b3">νὺξ στρατὸν σ</b>. <span class="bibl">9.78</span>; [[spare]], <span class="bibl">Od.22.357</span>:—Pass., [[to be saved]], [[kept alive]], [[preserved]], opp. [[ἀπολέσθαι]], <span class="bibl">Il.15.503</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.3.185</span>, etc.; ἀγαπητῶς σεσωσμένους <span class="bibl">Lys.16.16</span>; <b class="b2">keep a whole skin, escape destruction</b>, οἱ σωθησόμενοι <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Tht.</span>176d</span>; so in pres. [[σωζόμενος]], <span class="bibl">Thgn.68</span>,<span class="bibl">235</span> (s.v.l.); to [[be healed]], [[recover from sickness]], <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Coac.</span>136</span>, <span class="bibl">Is.1.10</span> (dub. l.); ὑγιαίνοντες καὶ σωζόμενοι <span class="title">IG</span>22.1028.89 (i B.C.); [[σώζεο]], as a wish, [[God bless you]], [[farewell]], <span class="bibl">Call.<span class="title">Del.</span>150</span>, <span class="title">AP</span>5.240 (Paul. Sil.), 9.372; [[σώζοισθε]] ib.171 (Pall.); also, [[save oneself]], [[escape]], σώθητι <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Cri.</span>44b</span>; [[μόγις]] or <b class="b3">μόλις σῴζεσθαι</b> [[escape]] with difficulty, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ep.</span>332c</span>, <span class="bibl">D.S.2.48</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">χαλεπῶς σ</b>. <span class="bibl">Thgn.675</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">b</span> esp. in <span class="title">NT</span>, of God or Christ, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">1 Ep.Cor.</span>1.21</span>, etc.; σ. τὸ ἀπολωλός <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Luc.</span>19.10</span>; σ. τὸν κόσμον <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Jo.</span>12.47</span>:—freq. in Pass., to [[be saved]] or [[in a state of salvation]], Ev.Matt.19.25, etc.; οἱ σῳζόμενοι <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Luc.</span>13.23</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Act.Ap.</span>2.47</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> of things, [[keep safe]], [[preserve]], rare in Hom., σάω μὲν ταῦτα, σάω δ' ἐμέ <span class="bibl">Od.13.230</span>; σπέρμα πυρὸς σώζων <span class="bibl">5.490</span>; <b class="b3">πόλιν καὶ ἄστυ σ</b>. <span class="bibl">Il.17.144</span>; σαώσει Ἀργείους καὶ νῆας <span class="bibl">10.44</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">9.230</span>: freq. in Trag. and Att., σ. φάρμακον <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Tr.</span>686</span>; τὰ τόξα <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ph.</span>766</span>; <b class="b3">τὰ σκεύη, παῖδας οἶκον χρήματα, καρπούς</b>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Pax</span>730</span> (anap.), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Av.</span>380</span> (troch.), <span class="bibl">1062</span> (lyr.); <b class="b3">τὰ πατρῷα, τὰ ὑπάρχοντα</b>, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Th.</span>820</span> (lyr.), <span class="bibl">Th.1.70</span>; <b class="b3">σ. πόλιν</b> [[preserve]] the city or the state, <span class="bibl">Hdt.8.34</span>, <span class="bibl">A. <span class="title">Th.</span>749</span> (lyr.), <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>1058</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>417a</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Grg.</span>512b</span>, etc.; τὰ πράγματα <span class="bibl">Th.1.74</span>; τὴν Ἑλλάδα <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Lys.</span>525</span> (lyr.); <b class="b3">τὰς πολιτείας, τὴν δημοκρατίαν</b>, etc., <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Pol.</span>1309b15</span>,<span class="bibl">36</span>; <b class="b3">τόνδε γὰρ [λόγον] σῴζων</b> [[keeping]] it [[secret]], <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>524</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>1530</span>; <b class="b3">σ. καιρόν</b> [[save]] or [[recover]] an opportunity, <span class="bibl">D.19.6</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">23.4</span>:—Med., [[keep]] or [[preserve for oneself]], τὴν εὐλάβειαν <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">El.</span>993</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Alc.</span>146</span>, etc.; αὐτὸς αὑτῷ σ. τι <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ec.</span>402</span>, cf.<span class="bibl"><span class="title">Eq.</span>1017</span> (hex.):—Pass., <b class="b3">τὸ ἄπραγμον οὐ σῴζεται</b> [[is]] not [[secure]], <span class="bibl">Th.2.63</span>; <b class="b3">ἡ . . πόλις οὐκ ἂν ἐσῴζετο</b>; <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ec.</span>219</span>; to [[be preserved]] or [[extant]], of books, Longin. ap. <span class="bibl">Porph.<span class="title">Plot.</span>20</span>, Gal.15.705, <span class="bibl">D.C.70.2</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> [[keep]], [[observe]], [[maintain]] laws, etc., σ. ἐφετμάς <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Eu.</span>241</span>; τὸν παρόντα νοῦν <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Pr.</span>394</span>; τοὺς καθεστῶτας νόμους <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>1114</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">VV</span>1250b17</span>; τοὺς σοὺς λόγους <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hel.</span>1552</span>; <b class="b3">τὸ μόρσιμον</b> ib.<span class="bibl">613</span>; τὰ πρὸς τοὺς κατοίκους δίκαια <span class="bibl"><span class="title">BGU</span>562.19</span> (ii A.D.); [[confirm]], τὸ τοῦ ποιήσαντος <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Mu.</span>400b24</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Antig.<span class="title">Mir.</span>45</span> (Pass.); <b class="b3">πρὸς τὸ τὰ φαινόμενα σῴζειν</b> to [[retain]] the observed facts, <span class="bibl">Procl.<span class="title">Hyp.</span>5.10</span>; <b class="b3">κατὰ ποσὸν σῴζει τὴν πρὸς τὸ μῶλυ ἐμφέρειαν</b> [[retains]], i.e. [[does not lack]], a certain resemblance to... Dsc.3.46, cf. 98, <span class="bibl">Sor.<span class="title">Fasc.</span>8</span>:—Pass., to [[be maintained]], τοῦ μήκους σῳζομένου <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Mete.</span>386a2</span>; ἐφ' ᾧ τοῖς θεοῖς τὰ ἱερὰ σωθήσεσθαι <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PHib.</span>1.77.7</span> (iii B.C.). </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">4</span> [[keep in mind]], [[remember]], <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hel.</span>266</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl. <span class="title">R.</span>486c</span>: more freq. in Med., παρῆκα θεσμῶν οὐδέν, ἀλλ' ἐσῳζόμην . . ὅπως δύσνιπτον ἐκ δέλτου γραφήν <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Tr.</span>682</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">El.</span>1257</span>; μηδ' ἂ ἔμαθε σῴζοιτο <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>455b</span>; in full, μνήμην σῴζομαι στρατεύματος <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">IA</span>302</span> (lyr.), cf. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Grg.</span>501a</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Tht.</span>163d</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">II</span> Constr.: </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">1</span> simply c. acc., v. supr. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> with a sense of motion to a place, [[bring]] one [[safe]] to, τὸν δ' ἐσάωσεν ἐς ποταμοῦ προχοάς <span class="bibl">Od.5.452</span>; ἐς ὅμιλον <span class="bibl">Il.19.401</span>; πόλινδε <span class="bibl">5.224</span>, etc.; ἐς οἴκους <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>311</span>; εἰς τὴν βασιλείαν τὴν ἐπουράνιον <span class="bibl"><span class="title">2 Ep.Ti.</span>4.18</span>:—Pass., [[come safe to]] a place, σωθέντος ἐμεῦ ὀπίσω ἐς οἶκον <span class="bibl">Hdt.4.97</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">9.104</span>; πρὸς ἤπειρον σεσῶσθαι <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pers.</span>737</span>; δεῦρο <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ph.</span>725</span>; οἴκαδε <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span>1.6.7</span>; <b class="b3">σῴζεσθαι ἐπὶ τὴν ὑμετέρην [χώρην</b>] <span class="bibl">Hdt.5.98</span>; ἐς δόμους σωθέντ' <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Tr.</span>611</span>; σωθῶμεν ἐπὶ θάλατταν <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span> 6.5.20</span>: c. dat. pers., μόλις ὔμμιν ἐσώθην <span class="bibl">Theoc.15.4</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> <b class="b3">σ. τινὰ ἐκ φλοίσβοιο, ἐκ πολέμου</b>, <b class="b2">carry off safe, rescue from . .</b>, <span class="bibl">Il.5.469</span>, <span class="bibl">11.752</span>; ἐκ ποταμοῖο <span class="bibl">21.274</span>; ἐκ θανάτοιο <span class="bibl">Od.4.753</span>; ἐκ πολλῶν πόνων <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">El.</span> 1356</span>; ἀπὸ στρατείας <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>603</span>; διὰ δεινῶν πραγμάτων σεσωσμένοι <span class="bibl">X. <span class="title">An.</span>5.5.8</span>: c. gen., <b class="b3">σώσας ἐχθρῶν χθόνα</b> [[having rescued]] it [[from]] them, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>1162</span>; σῶσαί τινα κακοῦ <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ph.</span>919</span>; σεαυτὸν νούσου <span class="title">Ath.Mitt.</span> 56.124 (Smyrna); σωθῆναι κακῶν <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Or.</span>779</span>.--Both constructions may be combined, σ. τινὰ ἐκ πολέμοιο νῆας ἔπι <span class="bibl">Il.17.452</span>; ἐκ π. μετὰ νῆας <span class="bibl">12.123</span>; ἐξ Αἰγίνης δεῦρο <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Grg.</span>511d</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">4</span> c. acc. et dat. pers., [[save for]] another, υἷά τινι <span class="bibl">Od.4.765</span>; ἡμῖν τὸν βίον <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Prt.</span>356e</span>, etc.:— Pass., σῴζεταί τί τινι <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Pax</span>1022</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>7.7.56</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">5</span> c. inf., [<b class="b3">σπονδαὶ] αἵ σε σῴζουσιν θανεῖν</b> which [[save]] thee [[from]] dying, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ph.</span>600</span> (troch.). </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">6</span> c. part., <b class="b3">σῴζεσθαι φεύγοντες</b> by flight, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>3.3.51</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">7</span> abs., <b class="b3">τὰ σώσοντα</b> [[what is likely to save]], <span class="bibl">D.6.5</span>; <b class="b3">ἡ σῴζουσα [ψῆφος</b>] <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">Harm.</span>3</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">b</span> <b class="b3">σώζων, ὁ</b>, <span class="title">Saviour</span>, of a god, <span class="title">JRS</span>14.28 (Iconium); epith. of Apollo, <span class="title">CR</span>19.368 (Sizma). </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">c</span> <b class="b3">σῴζουσα, ἡ,</b> = [[ἀρτεμισία]], Ps.-Dsc.3.113.</span>